Dynamics of Integration between Chinese and International Waste Paper Markets

ABSTRACT

China is the largest importer of waste paper in the world and is highly dependent on the international market. Thus, the relationship between Chinese and international waste paper markets affects the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. This study examined the dynamic relationship between the two markets and the impact of newly implemented policies on both markets. We used unit root tests, cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM) and frequency-domain Granger causality test to investigate the integration between Chinese and international waste paper markets and identify which of the two markets is the price leader. The results revealed that the two markets were integrated after controlling for structural breaks, and the Chinese market acted as the price leader. Since the supply of waste paper and wood pulp is insufficient in China to meet the fiber demand of the paper industry, waste paper import restrictions have significantly affected the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. Therefore, the Chinese government should fully consider the benefit of market integration and make full use of international waste paper resources to satisfy the large domestic demand for paper products.     

Can epidemiology and economics make a meaningful contribution to national animal-disease control?

The general role of veterinary epidemiology and economics to national animal-disease control throughout the world is considered for the four main groupings of animal diseases: zoonotic, food-borne, endemic and epidemic diseases. This is done by considering how veterinary epidemiology and economics has contributed to priority setting (which diseases come first?), decision-making (for a given disease, which strategy is best?), and disease control implementation (how can optimal delivery and adoption of selected interventions best be achieved?). Within each of these categories, progress made and future opportunities are discussed. In addition, a review is made of how veterinary epidemiology and economics has been institutionalised. We conclude that veterinary epidemiology and economics holds a unique role in the development of national policies and strategies for improved animal health world-wide. However, we consider that we must capitalise more on the unique comparative advantage of the partnership between veterinarians and agricultural economists. We believe that much remains to be done to improve the "institutionalisation" of veterinary epidemiology and economics, and the adoption and impact of the products of our unique partnership, particularly in countries of the developing world.     

Discussion on Private Forestry Development in China

1 HISTORICAL PROCESS ANDPRESENT SITUATION ON PRIVATEFORESTRY IN CHINABefore 1978, all the private sectors were bannedto own forest tenure in China. At that time, forestwas managed by state-run forest farms, state-runforestry industry bureaus or collectives. When thereform and opening-up policy was initiated inChina, with the implementation of HouseholdResponsibility System (HRS) in rural areas, privatesectors began to participate in forestry. In March1981, the State…     

山区效益农(林)业发展研究

通过论述效益农（林）业特征和作用的基础上，围绕浙江山区效益农（林）业的三种主要类型（龙头企业带动型，特色品牌型，生态观光型）进行剖析。同时在分析浙江山区效益农（林）业存在的问题的基础上，提出了发展效益农（林）业的目标和对策。     

促进高校发展的科技政策及科研管理办法

高等院校是国家科学研究的一个重要方面军。怎样才能发挥高校的人才、学科、实验测试设备、图书资料等优势,是当今"科技创新"、"科教兴国"中需要研究的热点问题。从我国目前有关高校的科技政策入手,就其政策执行过程中所出现的问题提出了我们的看法,高校在用好、用活、用足这些优惠政策的同时,制定出高校内部的有关管理办法,使高校的科研为国家经济建设作出应有的贡献。     

乡村振兴背景下惠农信息获取路径优化研究

[目的/意义]在乡村振兴背景下,中国农村经济迎来了一个新的发展阶段,大量的惠农信息向农民群体传递。虽然目前农民获取惠农信息的路径众多,但在获取惠农信息的过程中仍存在着众多阻碍。[方法/过程]本文通过问卷调查的研究方法,调查农民群体获取惠农信息的路径,简要阐述现有的获取惠农信息路径的情况。[结论/结果]分析发现,农民在惠农信息的获取过程中存在一定障碍,针对各路径的障碍,本文通过从全信息视角对政府惠农信息的获取路径进行具体解析。从全信息中语法信息、语义信息和语用信息的3个方面对现有路径进行改善,从形式、内容含义和价值方面进行准确判断,进而优化惠农信息的获取路径。     

我国财政支农惠农支出政策存在的问题与改革思路

＂三农＂问题一直是我国经济发展中的一大难题,为了更广泛地保障和改善农民的生产和生活,改革开放以来,我国政府推出一系列支农惠农政策,总体上分为5大类：税改性政策、农业生产补贴性政策、生活保障性政策、社会建设政策及基础设施政策。该研究在分析各项政策执行的现状和存在主要问题的基础上,对进一步改进和完善我国财政支农惠农政策提出了一些建议,以期不断提高我国支农惠农政策的政策效果,切实推动农村经济的发展。     

我国耕地保护绩效定量研究

根据修正后的耕地面积数据(1978-2012年)和耕地保护相关的经济社会因素,构建耕地数量变化的多元线性回归模型,在对耕地保护政策发展历程、现有体系分析的基础上,依据该模型对我国35年来耕地保护政策的绩效进行了分析.结果显示,我国耕地保护政策绩效显著,35年共遏制耕地减少面积250.96万hm2,遏制耕地减少贡献率达17.35％;耕地保护政策绩效有着明显的时间差异性,不同阶段政策遏制耕地减少的贡献率差异明显,但在耕地保护政策发展的4个阶段,政策遏制耕地减少的贡献率是逐渐上升的,说明耕地保护政策在不断的发展,耕地保护政策的绩效在逐渐发挥.在2003-2012年阶段,耕地减少面积逐渐稳定并降至多年来的最低点,同时政策遏制耕地减少的贡献率达到峰值,表明耕地数量保护的目标绩效显著,达到了顶峰.建议未来的耕地保护工作需要突出耕地的质量建设和生态建设两个着重点.     

基于目标分析法及熵权法的后农业税时代农地政策评价

在详细介绍目标分析法评价农地政策的方法特点及步骤的基础上,对后农业税时代甘肃省河西4市的农地政策进行了评价。结果表明:从横向比较来看,在4个城市中酒泉市农地政策目标的实现程度最高,明显优于张掖市和武威市;以2003年的综合指数为参照值进行纵向比较,武威市的综合指数呈逐年递增趋势,张掖市的综合指数总体上呈逐年递增趋势(2005年的综合指数是一个例外),酒泉市的综合指数也总体上呈逐年递增趋势(2006年的综合指数是一个例外),而金昌市的各年度综合指数有所反复,呈不稳定状态。     

高分子物理原理在木材加工业中的应用

通过介绍高分子物理理论在人造板生产、家俱生产、木材干燥生产等木材加工工业中的应用实践， 同时强调从分子水平研究和完善木材加工理论的重要性