Field evaluation and break-even analysis of specialty soybeans for biodiesel and meal protein production

The economic value of a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop depends on yield and quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate soybean lines for protein and oil content and to examine the break-even (BE) analysis of these traits combined with yield. Forty lines of maturity group (MG) IV or V were grown at four Arkansas locations for two years. Yield, protein, and oil content of each line were determined and compared to the check average for a BE comparison of the total economic value of the line. Results showed six profitable lines ($8.40 to $54.96 per metric ton based on yield) in 2008 and six profitable lines ($0.49 to $61.19 per metric ton based on yield) in 2009. Overall, in both MG, high-protein lines needed to yield more to be profitable, whereas high-oil lines had competitive yield, protein and oil content; R00-764 (MG IV), R05-71 (MG V), and R02-6185F (MG V) were competitive without added premiums.     

VARIATION OF LOCALLY LIPSCHITZ FUNCTION ON FINSLER MANIFOLD

In this paper, we generalize the generalized gradient of clarke on Banach manifold to the case of Finsler manifold and discuss the variational property of corresponding locally Lipschitz function, such as pseudo-gradient vector field, deformation lemma and Morse inequality.     

成垄压实耕作条件下土壤水分分布的试验研究

利用野外模拟降雨试验，研究了不同垄沟（自然垄沟、盖膜垄沟、成垄压实）耕作条件下土壤水分分布特征和再分布规律。结果表明：垄沟耕作改变了农田微地形，利用垄上降雨顺垄流人沟中，从而拦蓄部分径流，相对增加了沟中土壤蓄水，有利于水分向下运移。相对于自然垄沟，膜垄的集雨效果明显，沟中土壤平均含水量显著高于垄中，20～100cm土层范围内平均土壤含水量分别为12．7％和9．1％；成垄压实土壤水分在剖面分布状况与盖膜垄沟的水分分布相似，水分向沟内集中，沟中土壤水分含量显著高于同一土层深度处垄中土壤含水量，且与盖膜垄沟处理下沟中土壤水分含量无显著差异，在集水和聚水方面表现出和膜垄的相似性。因此，在以集雨农业为主的半干旱地区，成垄压实可以替代盖膜垄沟，有效地富集和储存雨水资源于沟中，供作物吸收利用。     

函数域的Minkowski常数(英)

对有限域Eq上某些函数域K（包括全实函数域和二次函数域）给出Minkowski常数Mk。使K的每个分式理想类包含次数≤Mk整理想AOk。     

成垄压实耕作施肥机械的改进设计(简报)

基于土壤大孔隙流理论、垄沟微型集雨理论和阻水层理论提出的成垄压实耕作施肥方法,能够有效地达到集雨保肥的作用,而推行该耕作措施的关键是加强其配套农机具的研制.在国外相关研究的基础上改进设计了成垄压实耕作施肥机械.该设计合理.一机多用.具有结构紧凑、调整方便等特点.采用改进后的平底箭铲式施肥开沟器能够阻断土壤中大孔隙流的连续性,在垄底形成一致密的施肥带,减少了氮肥在土壤中随大孔隙流的淋溶迁移.利用单圆盘起垄覆盖施肥带,并采用仿垄形加压式镇压器对垄面进行镇压,通过改变弹力来实现镇压力的调整,形成不同紧实度的水分运动障碍层.达到集雨保肥的作用.     

基于CA-Markov模型的自然保护区土地利用变化分析

以广西山口红树林自然保护区为研究区,1999和2005年SPOT4影像作为土地利用信息源,采用CA-Markov模型预测2011年和2017年研究区土地利用空间变化,在此基础上利用11个景观指数分析1999-2017年研究区整体景观格局演变情况。结果显示,CA-Markov模型模拟的2005年土地利用空间分布的面积和空间精度分别为93.13%和87.57%,具有较高可靠度;1999-2005年各用地类型的相互转化较为复杂;2005-2011年,红树林和养殖区增长最为显著;1999-2017年间,斑块数呈下降趋势,景观破碎化程度在减轻,受人类活动的影响在减弱,各斑块类型在景观中呈均衡化趋势分布,但景观稳定性和抗干扰性下降。研究表明CA-Markov模型是模拟与预测自然保护区土地利用变化的有力工具,能为土地规划与管理提供一定的决策信息。     

A method for establishing a core collection of Saccharum officinarum L. germplasm based on quantitative-morphological data

A technique is proposed for establishing a representative core collection of S. officinarum accessions from the world collection of sugarcane germplasm maintained at the Sugarcane Breeding Institute-Research Centre, Cannanore, India. In the proposed method, the accessions were first sorted based on their relative contributions to the total variability by means of principal component scores based on a set of quantitative characters. Then, the cumulative proportion of their contributions to the total variance was computed. A logistic regression model was fitted to evaluate the functional relationship between the cumulative proportion of variance and the number of accessions. The size of the core set was decided as the inflection point on that fitted curve, i.e., the point beyond which the rate of increase in cumulative proportion of variability contributed by an accession began to decline. A method for eliminating entries with a high degree of similarity from the selected core set is also proposed.     

土壤干缩开裂三维模型构建及其参数敏感性分析

为揭示农田土壤干缩裂隙沿深度方向的发展规律及形成机理,该研究改进了Vogel提出的Hookean弹簧模型,通过构建由节点组成的三棱柱状网格结构,并考虑重力的影响,建立了可以模拟裂隙深度的三维农田土壤干缩开裂模型,分析了纵向弹性系数（与土壤沿深度的弹性有关）对模拟裂隙深度的影响,通过Minkowski密度（即面积密度、长度密度和欧拉数密度）量化分析裂隙形态。结果表明：试验与模拟裂隙图像的面积、长度、欧拉数密度及裂隙深度频率的决定系数在0.849～0.959之间,一致性指标在0.965～0.988之间,偏差在0.103～0.189之间,均方根误差在0.005～0.083之间,说明改进后的三维模型达到率定要求,该三维物理模型可以模拟出裂隙沿深度的拓展情况,模拟的表层裂隙形态特征符合自然裂隙的发育规律。敏感性分析中,纵向弹性系数越小,裂隙沿深度方向发育的趋势越明显,深裂缝（土深5～10 cm）的占比越大。研究可为模拟农田土壤裂隙沿纵向的发育和形成提供算法参考。