Differential regulation on C5 expression in goose versus mammals by glucose/palmitate provides a potential protection for goose fatty liver

Goose fatty liver is a specific type of nonalcoholic fatty liver that is protected from harmful effects associated with severe steatosis. Our previous findings suggest that suppression of the complement C5 may be relevant, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we first verified the expression pattern of complement genes (including C5) during goose fatty liver formation and then determined the liver fat content and fatty acid composition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by selecting the differential metabolites to treat HepG2, goose and mouse primary hepatocytes, aiming to explore the mechanism of C5 and inflammation suppression in goose fatty liver. The data confirmed the suppression of complement genes (including C5) in goose fatty livers. Moreover, fat content was significantly higher in fatty liver versus normal ones, with oleic acid and palmitic acid dominantly accounting for the difference. In line with this, high concentration of palmitate led to down regulation of C5 expression in goose primary hepatocytes whereas upregulation in mouse primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, regulation on C5 expression by fatty liver related factors including high level of palmitic acid may contribute to the protection of goose liver from severe hepatic steatosis.     

铜对生长猪肝中IGF—Ⅰ基因mRNA表达的影响

采用生长试验、免疫放射分析和定量PCR方法，观察了生长猪血液中类胰岛素生长因子（IGF—Ⅰ）及其结合蛋白（IGFBP3）数量的变化和IGF—Ⅰ基因在肝中表达量的变化。结果显示，每1kg饲料中添加125-250mg铜，能够上调IGF-Ⅰ基因的表达量，显著提高猪的平均日增重，促进生长猪循环血液中IGF—Ⅰ浓度的增加。试验结果证实，铜是通过促进生长激素一胰岛素样生长因子轴相关因子的合成和分泌来发挥促生长作用的。     

牛奶葡萄贮藏中SO_2伤害及调控措施研究

牛奶葡萄采后SO2双重释放装置辅以CT－1处理不但有效降低了药害发生率，而且提高了贮藏效果。在此基础上辅以采前喷布内含杀菌剂的壳多糖，牛奶葡萄可达到更佳贮藏效果，在1998年生长季发生全国性洪水灾害，田间带菌量剧增，各地葡萄贮藏效果极差情况下，参试的牛奶葡萄腐烂率只有1．6％，果梗鲜绿，褐变指数只有0．4％，药害率仅为1．0％，果肉亚硫酸盐残留仅为0．067 mg／kg。     

紫花苜蓿受冻害后促进根颈枝条再生方法的研究

对蔚县苜蓿根颈冻害后切除冻伤部分处理的比较研究结果表明,处理区的根颈苗数、地上高度、地上生物量、分蘖丛数是对照区的1.6～2倍;处理区苜蓿的各个数量指标的b值大于对照处理苜蓿b值,说明除冻害根颈后苜蓿的生长比不除冻害根颈部分的苜蓿生长更为合理。通过除去苜蓿冻害部位,防止根系继续腐烂,保护了未冻害部分,增加了苜蓿发芽的有效部位。同时,使根系与地面的距离变短或露出地面,增加光照强度,提高地温,促使未冻害苜蓿根系发芽,返青提前增加产量。     

The effects of experimentally induced fever on the estimated blood flow to and oxygen utilization by the liver and the viscera drained by the portal vein in sheep

Intrajugular injection of a purified E. coli lipopolysaccharide induced a biphasic fever in sheep after a latent period of 12 to 20 min. The changes in the blood flow from the liver and from the viscera drained by the portal vein were: (a) in the latent period, decreases in total hepatic blood flow (THF) due to decreased portal venous blood flow (PVF); (b) during the first febrile phase, increases in THF due to increased hepatic arterial blood flow and, (c) in the second febrile phase, increases in THF due to decreased PVF. Although there were large variations in the oxygen supply to the viscera drained by the portal vein and to the liver, there were relatively small or no changes in their oxygen consumption.     

Postanesthetic Pulmonary Edema In an Arab Stallion

A six-year-old arabian stallion was admitted to The Ohio State University Veterinary Hospital for evaluation and repair of a comminuted fracture of the second phalanx. The horse developed impaired arterial oxygenation during surgey and pulmonary edema post-operatively. We postulate that impaired arterial oxygenation resulted from atelectasis of the dependent lung during annesthesia, and the pulmonary edema occurred following re-expansion of the atelectatic of the initiating cause of the edema, removal of excess lung water from the alveoli, and restoration of normal arterial oxygenation. The horse was fully recovered within 12 hours of initiation of clinical signs of respiratory compromise. The horse was fully recovered within 12 hours of initiation of clinical signs of respiratory compromise. This report describes re-expansion pulmonary edema due to reperfusion injury in a horse, treatment of the condition, and a possible explanation of the pathogenesis of this pulmonary pathology.     

Histopathology of Experimental Schistosoma bovis Infection in Goats

The inflammatory host response to Schistosoma bovis in young goats was studied at necropsy by light microscopy 34 weeks after primary exposure to 3,000 cercariae (group B, n=6), 34 weeks after primary exposure to 3,000 cercariae followed by challenge with 2,500 cercariae at week 17 (group C, n=5), and 17 weeks after primary exposure to 2,500 cercariae, given on week 17 of the experiment (group D, n=6). Three goats served as uninfected controls. The faecal egg output had been minimal for 17 weeks prior to necropsy in groups B and C and only for the last 2 weeks in group D.Histological studies were carried out on the small intestine, liver, lung and spleen, and tissue egg counts were performed. In sections of the small intestine and liver, a panel of histopathological variables were quantitated to characterize the host response and differences between groups of animals were evaluated with one way analysis of variance. The mean tissue egg count in the small intestine was slightly but not significantly higher in group C than group B and about twice as high in group D (D vs B or C p<0.01). Group means of numbers of inflammatory foci per section of gut wall corresponded well with those of tissue egg counts, suggesting that the rate of inflammatory destruction of eggs did not differ markedly between the groups. Egg material was less commonly seen in granulomas of the small intestine in group B than in group D (p<0.01), suggesting lower passage of eggs through the gut wall during the later than during the earlier phase of patent primary infection. The frequency of eosinophil-rich hepatic inflammatory foci was much higher in group D than in the other groups (D vs B p<0.05, D vs C p< 0.01), and coincided with a high degree of blood eosinophilia in this group at the time of sacrifice. Challenged goats showed a significantly higher frequency of markedly fibrotic inflammatory foci in the liver and of liver granulomas with a marked giant cell component than goats of the other groups. Hepatic portal fibrosis was least prominent in animals with 17- week- old primary infections, implying a possible relation between this change and duration of infection.     

Purification and characterization of hepatic triacylglycerol lipase isolated from rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Trialcylglycerol (TG) lipase was isolated and partially purified from rainbow trout liver. Triacylglycerol lipase activity was assayed by measuring¹⁴C-oleic acid release from¹⁴C-triolein.¹⁴C-oleic acid release was linear for up to two hours. Optimal activity occurred at pH 7.0 and 15°C. Most of the lipase activity was recovered in the cytosolic fraction. A 27,000-fold purification was achieved after Sepharose (Bio-gel A 0.5 M, 200–400 mesh) chromatography of a resuspended 20% ammonium sulfate fraction. The molecular weight of the trout hepatic lipase as determined by size-exclusion chromatography and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 40–43 kD. Lipase-mediated hydrolysis of TG resulted in the production of diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, and fatty acids. Kinetic analysis indicated that V_max=0.016 nmol/h/mg protein and that K_m=0.28 mM triolein. Lipolytic activity was enhanced in the presence of cAMP/ATP-Mg²⁺. These results suggest that the liver of trout possesses a neutral TG lipase that is responsible for mobilizing stored TG and is catalytically activated by phosphorylation.A part of this work was presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, December 26–30, 1990, San Antonio, TX.     

低氧适应动物喜马拉雅旱獭的组织学观察

对生活在青藏高原（海拔３２００－３４００m）喜马拉雅旱獭的肝脏、肺、肾、卵巢、甲状腺等器官结构进行了组织学观察。