湖北三峡库区晚熟脐橙不同海拔果实品质变化及枯水防控技术研究

以湖北三峡库区秭归地区不同海拔伦晚脐橙（Citrus sinensis Osbeck ‘Lane late’ Navel）果实为试验材料，探讨了湖北三峡库区晚熟脐橙果实枯水防控栽培技术，进行了晚熟脐橙种植区域布局研究，结果表明，在湖北三峡库区，江南晚熟脐橙适宜区域化种植在海拔360 m以下，江北在海拔350 m以下。在适宜范围外，随海拔升高，晚熟脐橙果实品质下降，可食率、果汁率降低，酸下降快，化渣性变差，果实枯水加重。其次，探讨了晚熟脐橙果实枯水防控生产技术，冬季套袋试验效果好，果实枯水比率控制在5%以下，显著低于对照果实（枯水率50%），可有效减轻和防止晚熟脐橙果实枯水，而且套袋果实外观好，品质优。覆膜技术效果其次，果实枯水比率可以控制在20%以下，而且该技术简便、劳动量小且成本较低，可以在生产中应用。     

Orange peel fragment improves antioxidant capacity and haematological profile of Nile tilapia subjected to heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress

This study evaluated the ability of orange peel fragment (OPF) to act as a functional feedstuff, influencing growth, haematological profile, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Nile tilapia subjected heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress (HDOIS). A group of 440 male Nile tilapia (31.7 g ± 0.34) was randomly distributed in 40 250‐L aquaria (11 fish/tank) and fed five practical diets with graded levels of OPF at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% for 70 days. The diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 18 MJ/kg crude energy. After the feeding period, growth performance was evaluated and six fish per treatment were sampled for haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity, before and after HDOIS. Then, fish were subjected to HDOIS (32°C/2.3 mg/L dissolved oxygen) for three days and the same haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined. There was no effect of OPF on the haematological profile, either before or after HDOIS. The polynomial regression model was used to express the relationship between antioxidant enzymes activity and OPF supplementation level. The maximum activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was reached at 0.66%, 0.63%, and 0.68% of OPF respectively. Results of the present study suggest that a dietary supplementation level of 0.63%–0.68% of orange peel fragment was appropriate to maintain Nile tilapia haematological profile and improve its antioxidant capacity under HDOIS.     

番茄抗晚疫病基因Ph-3的分子标记开发及应用

正番茄晚疫病由卵菌疫霉属的致病疫霉菌(Phytophthora infestans)侵染引起。病菌对番茄致病性强,侵染寄主后通过气流散发孢子,多次重复侵染植株,引起晚疫病爆发,对番茄生产造成严重危害[1]。利用抗晚疫病资源,培育番茄抗病品种是降低晚疫病危害的有效途径。在野生番茄中发现     

长江下游不同生态区双季优质晚稻生长特性和温光利用差异

【目的】研究在机插条件下长江下游不同生态区各类型优质晚稻产量、生长特性和温光利用的差异,为选择适宜在该地区作为双季种植的优质晚稻品种提供参考依据。【方法】以2016年和2017年筛选适合长江下游机插的双季优质晚稻为材料(常规籼稻、杂交籼稻、常规粳稻和常优杂粳共20个品种),比较在机插条件下浙江富阳(30.05°N, 119.95°E,海拔17.9 m)与安徽庐江(31.15ºN, 117.16ºE,海拔14 m)两个生态区在产量、生育期、干物质积累以及温光利用方面的差异。【结果】各类型晚稻产量高纬度试点均高于低纬度试验点。与浙江富阳点相比,安徽庐江点种植的常规籼稻、杂交籼稻、常规粳稻、常优杂粳稻产量分别高11.1%、12.9%、6.6%和12.4%。同一试点种植时,常优杂粳产量最高,常规籼稻最低。高纬度点种植时,生育期延长,干物质积累量增加。高纬度点生育期延长杂交籼稻最长(10.4 d),干物质积累量高纬度点增幅常规粳稻最大(齐穗期和成熟期分别增加11.93%和9.44%)。同一试点种植时,干物质积累量杂交稻大于常规稻。籼稻灌浆期和全生育期累积的有效积温两个纬度点差异不明显,但日照时数和太阳辐射及其利用率均是高纬度点显著高;粳稻灌浆期和全生育期累积的有效积温高纬度点明显较低,累积日照时数高纬度点变化不明显,而累积太阳辐射则显著增加;温光资源利用率的变化趋势与此一致;同一试点种植时,生育期、干物质积累量以及温光资源利用率均是粳稻大于籼稻。【结论】晚籼稻在安徽庐江点种植时能充分利用温光资源从而提高产量,晚粳稻对温光资源利用率差异不明显,安徽庐江点产量增加的原因是生育期延长和干物质增加。     

不同育秧方式对连作晚稻超秧龄机插质量的影响

以甬优538、甬优9号为供试材料,研究了轻多效唑水育秧(T1)、重多效唑水育秧(T2)和轻多效唑旱育秧(T3)三种育秧方式对水稻超秧龄机插的影响。结果表明,与T1处理相比,T2、T3处理的苗高、生物量受到抑制,成秧率变高,漏秧率降低,基本苗数增加;机插后2个品种的抽穗期均推迟,甬优538 T2、T3处理的产量高于T1处理,甬优9号T2、T3处理的产量低于T1处理。     

Pre‐Columbian fisheries catch reconstruction for a subtropical estuary in South America

Small‐scale fisheries provide food and livelihoods for thousands of people along the Brazilian coastline. However, considerable uncertainties still surround the extent to which artisanal and subsistence fisheries contribute to the total of national landings and their historical ecological significance. Fisheries monitoring is deficient in Brazil, and historical records are limited to irregular accounts spanning the last few decades, while this coastline has supported human populations for at least 6,000 years. Here, we estimate pre‐Columbian subsistence catches for a large subtropical estuary in southern Brazil. Our results suggest that prehistoric populations may have extracted volumes of fish biomass higher than or comparable with historical subsistence fisheries in the region, and that the latter is likely underestimated. If a long‐term perspective is required to evaluate the current economic value and status of fisheries in subtropical and tropical South America, this should go beyond the historical time interval and integrate the contribution of pre‐Columbian archaeology.     

无人机遥感影像面向对象分类方法估算市域水稻面积

针对如何高效地从无人机遥感影像中提取农作物样方数据,用于农作物面积遥感估算,该文以浙江省平湖市为例,利用面向对象分类方法对无人机影像进行水稻自动化识别,作为样方数据与卫星遥感全覆盖空间分布分类结果结合,采用分层联合比估计进行2014年单季晚稻面积估算。然后,与人工目视解译识别方法获取的水稻样方数据推断的区域水稻面积估算的结果进行精度、效率对比分析。研究结果表明:1)利用面向对象分类方法对无人机影像进行分类,总体分类精度达到93%以上,满足构建样本的要求;2)通过区域作物估算对比分析发现,面向对象分类方法对无人机影像进行水稻识别,构建平湖市单季晚稻的样方数据,能够替代人工目视解译样方准确推断区域作物种植面积,有效地提高了无人机影像在遥感面积估算中的应用效率。     

越橘新品种‘北华1号’

‘北华1号’是从美国引进的北高丛越橘中选出的新品种。果实近圆形，蓝紫色，披白粉，果柄长8.7 mm，平均单果质量2.08 g，果实长径1.57 cm，短径1.21 cm，可溶性固形物含量11.6%，总糖7.82%，酸度0.28%，维生素C含量0.27 mg ? g-1，维生素B1含量11.6 μg ? g-1，花青素含量1.52 mg ? g-1，花青素清除DPPH自由基的清除率93.12%，出汁率73.5%。中早熟，在长白山区8月上旬果实成熟。具有抗寒、抗病、丰产、稳产的优点。适宜吉林省东部长白山区栽培。     

晚熟苹果新品种‘华蜜’

苹果新品种‘华蜜’是以‘金冠’作母本，‘华富’作父本，杂交选育而成。果实圆锥形，果形指数1.1，平均单果质量220 g；果皮鲜红色，底色黄绿色，果面较光滑，果点中大；果肉较细，淡黄色，肉质松脆多汁，去皮硬度7.5 kg • cm-2，可溶性固形物含量17.5%，口感香甜，有香味，品质上等。果实生育期168 d左右，属晚熟品种，在辽宁省兴城地区10月下旬成熟，产量32 t • hm-2。