激光脉冲在橘子表皮打标的效果研究

为满足水果追溯条码清晰、耐久的要求,选取橘子为试验对象,对比纳秒激光和皮秒激光在其表面打印二维码的效果。试验结果表明:与纳秒激光相比,皮秒激光在橘子表皮上打印的线条平直度佳,轮廓清晰,对表皮的损伤更小。     

马齿形玉米种子尖端激光定向与胚面识别装置研制

为了实现玉米种子的尖端定向与胚面识别,该文以现有尖端定向装置输出的马齿型玉米种子为对象,基于激光开关和测距原理,提出了一种尖端定向与胚面识别方法:依据马齿形玉米种子尖端窄大头宽的轮廓特征,利用激光开关传感器等部件对玉米种子的尖端朝向进行识别,并将大头朝前的玉米种子进行剔除;依据马齿形玉米种子胚面上有胚沟而反面较为平整的表面特征,利用激光测距传感器等部件对尖端朝前的玉米种子进行胚面识别。设计并搭建了玉米种子尖端定向与胚面识别装置,配合现有的尖端定向装置进行试验,结果表明:尖端定向与胚面识别装置的尖端定向成功率达到99.1%,相比现有的尖端定向装置提升了9.5个百分点,胚面识别准确率为96.4%。该方法基本可以实现玉米种子的尖端定向,同时保证胚面识别准确率达到较高水准。该文提出的玉米种子尖端定向与胚面识别方法可为后续玉米种子的自动化定向包装提供参考。     

甘蔗横向种植机补种系统设计与试验

针对甘蔗横向种植机在种植过程中出现的漏播问题,设计了一套基于51单片机的甘蔗实时补种系统。通过对充种、储种、供种、护种及投种过程进行运动学和动力学的仿真分析,确定了影响补种效果的主要因素,设计了补种系统的关键部件。该系统采用AT89C52单片机、3套对射型激光传感器分别对漏种、补种箱和储蔗槽中蔗种余量不足的情况进行信号采集,进行漏种计数显示和实现蔗种余量不足时的报警,步进电机作为动力源,驱动辊耙转动完成补种过程。选取行进速度和补种辊槽数为试验因素,以补种成功率和重置率为补种性能指标,进行了二因素五水平的正交旋转组合试验。结果表明,行进速度对补种成功率的影响极显著,补种辊槽数对补种成功率的影响极显著;利用Excel软件进行了二次回归方程分析,得出当行进速度为3 km/h、补种辊槽数为10个时,补种成功率达到93.97%,重置率为1.69%。设计的实时补种系统性能稳定可靠,解决了播种器工作过程中的漏种问题。     

利用氦氖激光诱变提高枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶活力的研究

通过诱变筛选纤溶酶活性高的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株,得到突变株HDBF-N7HN5。使用氦氖激光诱变,设置不同的诱变时间,通过不同的蛋白平板处理,筛选高产突变株并检测纤溶酶活力。实验结果表明,在氦氖激光诱变处理45 min后,最高产突变株纤溶酶活力达到429.89±5.74 IU/mL。突变株经过10次传代培养后,保持稳定的高产纤溶酶特性。纤溶酶粗酶液处理血凝块的绝对溶解率可达到57.74±0.72%,10倍稀释液处理血凝块的绝对溶解率也能达到26.89±0.68%,菌株产生的纤溶酶具有良好的体外溶栓效果。本研究结果既提高了微生物纤溶酶活性,也为该菌株产纤溶酶的产业化提供了依据。     

基于可控气流-激光检测技术的鸡肉嫩度评估方法

以鸡肉嫩度为研究对象，采用可控气流-激光检测技术的瞬态、蠕变回复和应力松弛等动静态检测模态，并使用支持向量机分类器和全局变量偏最小二乘算法，结合不同预处理方法，对鸡肉嫩度进行定性判别和定量预测。结果表明3个激励模态结合不同预处理算法均可实现鸡肉嫩度的定性定量评估。在定性方面，瞬态模态对嫩度具有最佳的分类效果；S-G卷积平滑算法表现出最佳的预处理性能，校正集嫩/老分类精度分别为1和0.98，马修斯相关系数为0.97；而验证集分类精度也达到了0.95和0.84。在定量预测方面，S-G卷积平滑算法在提升原始数据的信噪比上同样具有最佳效果；瞬态模态校正集和验证集模型相关系数分别为0.948和0.913，均方根误差分别为0.736N和1.013N。因此，在组织结构引起的品质预测动态模态较静态模态更适用。本研究开展的可控气流-激光技术在鸡肉嫩度评估的应用，为肉品检测领域提供了新的解决方案。     

平面激光诱导荧光法测量射流混药浓度场研究

为了验证平面激光诱导荧光(planar laser induced fluorescence,PLIF)方法测量射流混药浓度场的可行性,该文在考察射流混药浓度场随压力变化特性基础上,开展基于PLIF的射流混药浓度场测量试验。研制了射流混药装置及辅助测量装置。配制6种不同浓度的罗丹明6G均匀混合液进行浓度标定,采用平滑滤波消除测量噪声影响。对比总体灰度值标定和分栅格标定2种方法的标定效果,结果表明:采用分栅格标定可以获得较平均的分区域浓度,在标定浓度为1.000 mg/L时,分栅格标定的最大最小平均值之差仅为总体标定的25.22%。开展3种吸入浓度、进水口压力0.1~0.6 MPa时的浓度场测量试验,结果表明:总体上混合管末端变异系数偏大,靠近管壁的变异系数偏大;在压力0.1和0.2MPa时,在测量区域末端的混合液浓度偏大,变异系数较大,混合均匀性较差。该文试验结果表明PLIF方法可用于射流混药浓度场测量,试验方法和结果可为其他液液混合浓度场测量提供参考。     

Transgenic sorghum with suppressed synthesis of kafirin subclasses: Effects on flour and dough rheological characteristics

Arising from work showing that conventionally bred high protein digestibility sorghum types have improved flour and dough functionality, the flour and dough properties of transgenic biofortified sorghum lines with increased protein digestibility and high lysine content (TG-HD) resulting from suppressed synthesis of several kafirin subclasses, especially the cysteine-rich γ-kafirin, were studied. TG-HD sorghums had higher flour water solubility at 30 °C (p < 0.05) and much higher paste viscosity (41% higher) than their null controls (NC). TG-HD doughs were twice as strong as their NC and dynamic rheological analysis indicated that the TG doughs were somewhat more elastic up to 90 °C. CLSM of doughs and pastes indicated that TG-HD had a less compact endosperm protein matrix surround the starch compared to their NC. The improved flour and dough functional properties of the TG-HD sorghums seem to be caused by reduced endosperm compactness resulting from suppression of synthesis of several kafirin subclasses which modifies protein body and protein matrix structure, and to improved protein-starch interaction through hydrogen bonding specifically caused by reduction in the level of the hydrophobic γ-kafirin. The improved flour functionality of these transgenic biofortified sorghums can increase their commercial utility by complementing their improved nutritional quality.     

地基激光雷达提取单木冠层结构因子研究

在传统森林计测中,由于树木冠层的形态各异、结构复杂,往往难以精确获取结构因子。本文以地基激光雷达为工具,通过对单木扫描获取点云数据,基于球极平面投影和Lambert方位角等面积投影法计算冠层孔隙度,运用不规则面投影法和体元法提取树冠的体积和表面积,并对结果进行了对比分析。选取北京林业大学校园内6株立木为研究对象,结果表明,对于冠层孔隙度,球极平面投影的结果均小于Lambert方位角等面积投影,平均误差为0.03;对于体积和表面积,运用不规则面投影法和体元法得到树冠体积相对误差为5.32%~12.43%,平均相对误差为9.29%,提取的树冠表面积的相对误差为1.40%~5.21%,平均相对误差为3.33%。2种方法得到的结果差别不是很显著。因此利用地基激光雷达获取点云数据,通过对单木一次扫描提取冠层孔隙度、树冠体积和表面积,为计算树木的三维绿量、生物量、光合作用能力等提供了更可靠的数据支持。     

Remote sensing and forest inventories in Nordic countries – roadmap for the future

The Nordic countries have long traditions in forest inventory and remote sensing (RS). In sample-based national forest inventories (NFIs), utilization of aerial photographs started during the 1960s, satellite images during the 1980s, laser scanning during the 2000s, and photogrammetric point clouds during the 2010s. In forest management inventories (FMI), utilization of aerial photos started during the 1940s and laser scanning during the 2000s. However, so far, RS has mostly been used for map production and research rather than for estimation of regional parameters or inference on their accuracy. In recent years, the RS technology has been developing very fast. At the same time, the needs for information are constantly increasing. New technologies have created possibilities for cost-efficient production of accurate, large area forest data sets, which also will change the way forest inventories are done in the future. In this study, we analyse the state-of-the-art both in the NFIs and FMIs in the Nordic countries. We identify the benefits and drawbacks of different RS materials and data acquisition approaches with different user perspectives. Based on the analysis, we identify the needs for further development and emerging research questions. We also discuss alternatives for ownership of the data and cost-sharing between different actors in the field.