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1.
绿翅绢野螟幼虫头部感器超微结构观察   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为探讨和分析绿翅绢野螟Diaphania angustalis(Snellen)幼虫头部感器的功能及其作用机制,通过扫描电镜对其触角和口器上的感器进行了观察。结果表明:绿翅绢野螟幼虫头式为下口式,头部具有触角、上唇、上颚、下颚和下唇。触角短小,位于幼虫头部侧下方,分3节,其梗节和鞭节分布有4种类型的感器,即毛形感器、短毛感器、锥形感器和栓锥形感器。口器分为上唇、上颚、下颚和下唇4个部分,共具有6种类型感器,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、指形感器、锥形感器、栓锥形感器和小感觉锥。刺形感器数量较多,分布范围广,口器上各部位均有分布;毛形感器仅分布于上唇;指形感器仅分布于内唇;锥形感器仅分布于下颚;栓锥形感器在下颚和下唇皆有分布;指形感器为内唇所特有。  相似文献   
2.
The combined effects of stocking density (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 inds/ml) and dietary microalgal ration (20,000 and 40,000 cells/ml) and the sole effect of temperature (10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 22°C) on the specific growth rate (SGR), per cent survival and per cent metamorphosis of auricularia larvae of the California sea cucumber, Parastichopus californicus, were evaluated in two separate experiments. The SGR was not significantly affected by stocking densities in the range of 0.2 to 4 inds/ml, but was significantly reduced at 8 inds/ml. The SGR of larvae fed 20,000 cells/ml was significantly reduced in comparison to those fed 40,000 cells/ml. Larvae had significantly higher per cent survival and per cent metamorphosis when reared at densities of 0.2 and 0.5 inds/ml compared with those reared at 2–8 inds/ml. Microalgal ration level did not significantly impact survival or metamorphosis. Larvae reared at 16 and 18°C had significantly higher SGRs and per cent metamorphosis than those held at all other temperatures, while per cent survival was highest at 16°C. Based on these results, we recommend rearing auricularia larvae of P. californicus at a stocking density at or below 0.5 inds/ml, a dietary ration of 40,000 cells/ml, and a temperature of 16°C.  相似文献   
3.
为探究松材线虫抗逆态幼虫DL3形成的分子机理,对其鸟苷酸环化酶路径中的抗逆态基因BxDaf-22进行了鉴定和表达研究。笔者应用BLAST比对技术在松材线虫基因组数据中鉴定得到固醇载体蛋白SCP2同源基因,命名为Bx-Daf-22。根据松材线虫基因组数据设计引物,应用PCR技术扩增BxDaf-22完整蛋白编码区。进一步对Bx-Daf-22基因编码的氨基酸序列进行同源序列系统进化、系统发育分析、保守结构域分析和蛋白质三维结构比对等生物信息学分析。应用荧光定量Q-PCR对不同虫龄Bx-Daf-22表达丰度进行分析。结果表明:Bx-Daf-22由4个α螺旋,1个310螺旋位于碳(C)端,在1号和2号α螺旋中间包围着5个β折叠。Bx-Daf-22具有固醇载体蛋白SCP2构域,可将起始信号传递到c GMP路径的膜结合受体上,表明该蛋白可以完成cGMP路径中受体蛋白的功能。以二龄幼虫作为标准,抗逆态幼虫DL3的Bx-Daf-22表达量显著上调,雄成虫Bx-Daf-22表达量下调显著。Bx-Daf-22蛋白质结构及不同虫龄Bx-Daf-22表达量表明,该基因参与与cGMP路径且与DL3形成直接相关。  相似文献   
4.
A 16‐day experiment was designed to find the best combination of water temperature (27, 30, 33°C) and daily duration of food availability (12, 18, 24 h) for larval tench (Tinca tinca) growth and survival. Larvae with an initial mean size of 5.7 mm total length (TL) and 0.7 mg wet body weight (BW) were stocked at 15 L?1. Larvae were fed in excess with live Artemia nauplii with the period of food availability lasting 12, 18 or 24 h daily. The largest final larval size was recorded at 27 and 30°C in groups fed for 24 h a day (17.7 and 17.9 mm TL, 76.1 and 77.7 mg BW, respectively). The combination of the highest temperature and the longest daily food availability was the only set of conditions under which final larval survival was affected (95.4% survival; 98.7–99.9% under all other conditions). The combination of water temperature of about 28.6°C and continuous food availability is recommended as the optimum combination for rearing Ttinca larvae under controlled conditions. Providing continuous food supply to fish larvae under aquaculture conditions was also advantageous in helping to mitigate the effects of slower growth relative to developmental progress, which can occur at high water temperatures. However, should one wish to limit the daily feeding period to 12 h per day, the use of a water temperature between 27.4 and 27.9°C would be the best solution.  相似文献   
5.
在人工育苗条件下,对四指马鲅Eleutheronema tetradactylum ( Shaw)早期发育的形态及生长特性进行了观察和初步研究。形态发育观察结果表明:四指马鲅初孵仔鱼全长为(1·957依0·055) mm,在培育水温为26℃、盐度为30的条件下,第2天开口,第3天卵黄囊完全被吸收,可开始摄食;初孵仔鱼~13 d为仔鱼期,14~36 d为稚鱼期,之后转为幼鱼期。生长特性分析结果表明:四指马鲅仔鱼期全长、肛前长和体高的生长速度明显快于稚鱼期,全长、肛前长和体高与日龄均呈多项式函数关系( P<0·01);仔鱼培育过程中,个体生长速度存在明显差异,20日龄仔鱼全长和肛前长的差异较大,其最大值和最小值的比分别是2·437倍和2·004倍。因此,在仔鱼培育生产实践中要注意分池,足量投喂适口饵料,以减少个体间的相互残杀。  相似文献   
6.
The major objective of this study was to introduce a newly designed recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for oyster (Crassostrea angulata) larval culture. The system includes a culture tank, a suspended circular inlet‐pipe, an upwelling aeration pipe, combined “banjo” sieves and a bioreactor chamber containing microalgae life keeping installation. The system was designed to resolve three problems: (i) stranding of larvae caused by water level changes and aeration, (ii) physical clogging of the screens and also (iii) deterioration of diet microalgae. The culture tank, “banjo” sieve size, water flow rate and light intensity for maintaining microalgae activity were all designed according to the pattern of larval movement and feeding behaviour. Results of this study showed the best average SGR for larval length was 6.36%/d (9.5 μm/d) and survival rate was 80%, with initial rearing density of 50 larvae/ml, indicating the problems above were fully resolved. Consequently, the system is fit for larval culture in mass production of oysters.  相似文献   
7.
Northwesterly cold winds characteristic of the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) dictate winter climatic conditions over the Japanese Archipelago. Japanese temperate bass Lateolabrax japonicus is a commercially important coastal fish that spawns offshore in winter and uses shallow waters as nursery habitats. To investigate the effects of EAWM on the planktonic period of L. japonicus, eggs, larvae, and juveniles were quantitatively collected in Tango Bay on the Sea of Japan side in winter and spring from 2007 to 2017. Although eggs occurred close to the mouth of the bay, planktonic larvae occurred further inside as they developed. The horizontal distribution of planktonic larvae, combined with water velocity data obtained from mooring observations, indicated that planktonic larvae are transported south‐ to westward through Ekman current and an anticyclonic circulation, which are driven by northwesterly winds. To evaluate survival during the planktonic period in each year class, the abundance of benthic larvae/juveniles was divided by winter total landings of Lateolabrax spp. (proxy of the spawning stock size). This survival index exhibited a positive correlation with the northwesterly component of winter winds, and a negative correlation with winter air temperature (average from December to February, Spearman's correlation, p < .05). There was, however, no significant correlation with winter water temperature or winter freshwater discharge in the bay. We conclude that northwesterly cold winds of EAWM play a critical role in transporting L. japonicus eggs and larvae toward nursery habitats, specifically beaches and estuaries fringing the innermost part of Tango Bay.  相似文献   
8.
红珠凤蝶小斑亚种幼虫的生物学特性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为合理开发利用红珠凤蝶小斑亚种和有效控制其为害,室内用卵叶马兜铃叶片饲养幼虫,研究了红珠凤蝶小斑亚种幼虫的生活习性、取食量和体重的变化规律。结果表明,幼虫有取食自身蜕和相互残杀的习性。1~3龄幼虫取食量较小,为幼虫总食量的5.23%,5龄幼虫的取食量最大,为幼虫总食量的77.11%。取食速率的变化趋势与取食量相似。幼虫期体重变化呈“S”型。  相似文献   
9.
晏容  刘流  刘晖  贺莉芳 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(21):12889-12891
[目的]了解酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和过氧化物酶(POD)在家蝇(Musca domestica)幼虫血细胞中的定位以及大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)对血细胞中ACP、POD活性的影响。[方法]采用酶细胞化学技术测定感染前后家蝇幼虫血细胞中ACP、POD活性,用显微摄影及定量图像法进行观察。[结果]感染后浆血胞和粒血胞中ACP、POD的活性均较正常组极显著增加(P〈0.01)。感染前后原血胞、珠血胞、类绛血胞中均未见ACP、POD的阳性反应物。[结论]感染后浆血胞和粒血胞中ACP、POD的活性增强,提示浆血胞和粒血胞是家蝇幼虫参与免疫反应的主要细胞类型,而原血胞、珠血胞及类绛血胞不参与细胞免疫反应。  相似文献   
10.
在室内条件下,人工诱导偏顶蛤(Modiolus modiolus)产卵并在显微镜下对其胚胎和浮游期幼虫的形态进行连续观察和拍照,并采用实验生态学的方法,研究温度对其浮游期幼虫生长和发育的影响。结果显示,偏顶蛤亲贝人工催产时,以流水刺激4 h,阴干12 h为宜。偏顶蛤卵呈圆形或卵圆形,沉性卵,卵径为(82.6±3.2)μm,精子鞭毛型,全长约50μm。在水温19~21℃下,偏顶蛤受精卵发育至D形幼虫(壳长104.0μm±4.3μm)、匍匐幼虫(壳长255.8μm±15.0μm)和早期稚贝(壳长329.1μm±5.8μm)分别历时20.5 h、20 d和36 d。水温是影响偏顶蛤幼虫生长和发育的主要因素之一,幼虫适宜水温为15~20℃,15℃组幼虫畸形率显著低于20℃组,生长率20℃组最高达5.4μm/d;水温25℃和30℃下,幼虫畸形率均显著高于15℃组和20℃组,并分别在第6天和第4天全部死亡。相对于高温而言,偏顶蛤幼虫对低温的耐受能力更强。本文旨在为偏顶蛤繁殖生物学和苗种繁育技术提供基础资料。  相似文献   
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