沙蒿多糖组合制剂对滩羊羔羊瘤胃菌群多样性的影响

本试验旨在研究沙蒿多糖不同组合制剂对滩羊羔羊瘤胃菌群多样性的影响。选择健康、体重相近的断奶滩羊公羔60只,按体重随机分为4个组,每组15只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组和试验3组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加5.5 g/d沙蒿多糖+5.5 g/d包被丁酸钠、5.5 g/d沙蒿多糖+5.5 g/d丁酸甘油酯和5.5 g/d沙蒿多糖+1.1 g/d莫能菌素的试验饲粮。预试期为15 d,正试期为60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验1组和试验2组滩羊瘤胃液乙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和乙酸比例显著提高(P<0.05)。2)试验2组的Chao1指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验2组的Shannon指数和Simpson指数有高于对照组的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。3)门水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组瘤胃液中软壁菌门的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),厚壁菌门和丝状杆菌门的相对丰度有升高的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);试验2组瘤胃液中绿弯菌门的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),而疣微菌门的相对丰度有升高的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10);试验3组瘤胃液中蓝藻菌门和互养菌门的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。4)属水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组瘤胃液中理研菌科RC9的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),解琥珀酸菌属和丹毒丝菌属的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05);试验2组瘤胃液中Sharpea的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),假丁酸弧菌属的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05);试验3组瘤胃液中理研菌科RC9和Sharpea的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),互营球菌属的相对丰度有增加的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。由此可见,饲粮添加沙蒿多糖组合制剂均可提高滩羊羔羊菌群多样性,改善瘤胃微生物区系,且以添加沙蒿多糖+包被丁酸钠的效果最好。     

亮氨酸对早期断奶湖羊瘤胃发育及细菌菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加亮氨酸对早期断奶湖羊瘤胃发育及瘤胃细菌菌群组成的影响。选用36只5日龄的湖羊羔羊,依据体重相近原则随机分成对照组(C,0 g/d)、亮氨酸低剂量添加组(L,0.66 g/d)和高剂量添加组(H,1.33 g/d),每组4个重复,每个重复3只羔羊。于30日龄断奶当天每组每个重复取1只羔羊屠宰以获得瘤胃组织及内容物样品(n=4)。结果表明:H组瘤胃乳头的长度较C组显著增加(线性,P<0.01);添加亮氨酸可使瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸水平显著提高(二次,P=0.05),但并未改变乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的摩尔比例(P>0.05);与C组相比,L与H组的瘤胃氨态氮浓度均显著降低(线性,P<0.05;二次,P>0.05);L组羔羊瘤胃内容物中微生物蛋白含量显著高于C组(二次,P=0.05);亮氨酸的添加并未改变瘤胃细菌物种丰富度和多样性指数,但对菌群组成有一定影响;L组瘤胃内最多的是厚壁菌门(49.5%);H组拟杆菌门(51.4%)显著高L和C组(二次,P=0.05);H组的普雷沃氏菌属最多(线性,P>0.05;二次,P>0.05),而L组的巨型球菌属最多(二次,P <0.01);与C组相比,L组的双歧杆菌属(二次,P<0.05)和光岗菌属显著增加(二次,P<0.05)。由此可见,添加亮氨酸可促进羔羊瘤胃发育,改变瘤胃细菌菌群组成。     

饲粮精料水平和蛋氨酸铬添加剂量对舍饲滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和脂肪沉积的影响

本试验旨在探究饲粮精料水平和蛋氨酸铬(Cr-Met)添加剂量对舍饲滩羊生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和脂肪沉积的影响。采用2×3双因素试验设计,2个因素分别为饲粮精料水平和Cr-Met添加剂量,其中饲粮精料水平分别设为35%(低精料饲粮,饲粮精粗比为35∶65)和55%(高精料饲粮,饲粮精粗比为55∶45),Cr-Met添加剂量分别设为0、0.75和1.50 g/(d·只)。将60只雄性滩羊羔羊[平均体重为(21±1)kg]随机分配到6个试验组,每组10只。试验期为80 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期65 d。结果显示:1)与低精料饲粮组相比,高精料饲粮组滩羊的平均日增重、屠宰率、背膘厚度、肌内脂肪含量和后腿肉比重显著增加(P<0.05),但料重比与肌肉蒸煮损失、剪切力、pH、亮度(L*)值、红度(a*)值和黄度(b*)值则显著降低(P<0.05)。2)低精料饲粮组滩羊背膘厚度、皮下脂肪厚度、肌内脂肪含量和后腿肉比重随Cr-Met添加剂量的增加而线性降低(P<0.05),但肌肉pH则线性升高(P<0.05)。3)高精料饲粮组滩羊肋肉比重、腰肉比重以及肌肉剪切力和pH随Cr-Met添加剂量的增加而线性升高(P<0.05),而肌内脂肪含量和肌肉a*值则线性降低(P<0.05)。综合本试验测定指标,建议在滩羊养殖中选择精粗比为55∶45的高精料饲粮,Cr-Met的适宜添加剂量为1.50 g/(d·只),且不建议在精粗比为35∶65的低精料饲粮中添加Cr-Met。     

过瘤胃胆碱对黔北麻羊羔羊生长性能及血浆生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究补饲过瘤胃胆碱(RPC)对黔北麻羊羔羊生长性能及血浆生化指标的影响.选取体况良好、体重相近的4月龄黔北麻羊羔羊20只随机分为对照组[(15.89±1.66) kg]和试验组[(15.30±1.86) kg],每组10只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组补饲10 g/d的RPC.试验期40 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期30 d.结果表明,补饲RPC:1)显著提高干物质采食量全期平均值(P＜0.05),显著降低料重比(P＜0.05);2)对干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率无显著影响(P＞0.05),但可显著提高酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分的表观消化率(P＜0.05);3)可显著提高食入氮、吸收氮和沉积氮(P＜0.05);4)对血浆超氧化物歧化酶活性以及丙二醛、葡萄糖、尿素氮、极低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、肌酐浓度的全期平均值均无显著影响(P＞0.05).在本试验条件下,补饲10 g/d的RPC可提高黔北麻羊羔羊生长性能,但对血浆生化指标没有显著影响.     

营养限制与补偿对蒙古羔羊体重和血液中生长相关激素的影响

试验研究不同能氮水平的营养限制与补偿对蒙古羔羊体重和血液生长相关的激素影响。选用内蒙古草原上健康的、平均体重15 kg左右的蒙古羔羊64只,随机分为对照组(CG)、限制1组(RG1)和限制2组(RG2)三个组,营养限制期(60 d)分别饲喂ME 10.88 MJ/kg、CP 13.0%(CG),ME10.88 MJ/kg、CP 8.9%(RG1),ME 8.62 MJ/kg、CP 5.7%(RG2)三个营养水平的日粮;营养补偿期(90 d)各组饲喂同一能氮水平饲粮(ME 9.75 MJ/kg,CP 12%)。结果表明:①随着营养水平的逐步降低,在限制末期,RG1组和RG2组羔羊的平均体重显著低于CG组(P<0.05),在补偿期,RG2组平均日增重显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。②在限制末期RG2组血液中GHRH及RG1、RG2组血液中GH浓度显著高于CG组(P<0.05),而RG2组血液中SS、IGF-I浓度显著低于CG组(P<0.05)。在补偿期,RG1、RG2组血液中IGF-I浓度有升高的趋势(P>0.05)。结果提示,营养限制所导致的羔羊血液中GHRH浓度升高和SS浓度降低可能是其在限制期血液中GH浓度升高及其在补偿期快速生长的原因之一。     

Topical anaesthesia alleviates short-term pain of castration and tail docking in lambs

Objective To investigate the effect of a topical anaesthetic formulation on pain alleviation, wound healing and systemic levels of local anaesthetic actives in lambs undergoing castration and tail docking. Design Three placebo-controlled and/or randomised experiments were conducted using three groups of Merino lambs (n = 62, 68 and 19) undergoing routine castration and tail docking. Procedure Surgical castration, with either surgical or hot-iron tail docking, was performed with and without the application of topical anaesthetic (Tri-Solfen®) or placebo. The effects of this procedure were compared with those of rubber ring castration and tail docking, and of the handled but unmarked controls. Wound pain was assessed using calibrated Von-Frey monofilaments over a 4-h period, pain-related behaviour was assessed over 5 h, wound healing was assessed at 14 and 28 days, and the plasma levels of lignocaine and bupivacaine were determined. Results Rapid and up to 4 h primary hyperalgesia developed following surgical castration and tail docking in the untreated and placebo-treated lambs. It was absent in the castration wounds, and significantly reduced in the tail-docking wounds, of the treated lambs. Hot-iron docking was associated with mild and transient secondary hyperalgesia, which was abolished by the topical anaesthesia. There was a significant reduction in pain-related behaviours in treated lambs, which were not significantly different in their behaviour to the sham-operation handled controls. Plasma lignocaine and bupivacaine levels were below the toxic thresholds in all tested lambs. Conclusion Topical anaesthesia alleviates wound pain and significantly reduces pain-related behaviours in lambs undergoing surgical castration plus surgical or hot-iron tail docking, without a negative effect on wound healing or a risk of systemic toxicity.     

青海细毛羊断奶羔羊体内钠,钾及血清总脂含量的检测

对湖东种羊场２０只青海细毛羊断奶羔羊体内钠、钾及血清总脂的检测结果表明：血清钠、钾和唾液钠、钾分别为１３５．３０±１４．１７、４．５９±０．８４、１３３．４５±２５．９３、２８．２５±５．１２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，唾液钠、钾比为４．７２∶１，血清总脂４．２４±０．８６ｇ／Ｌ。     

口感化及颗粒化开食料对早期断奶羔羊生长和胃肠道发育的影响

分析探讨口感化及颗粒化开食料对早期断奶羔羊生长和胃肠道发育的影响。选取新生健康的双羔湖羊公羔42只,随机分为两组,分别饲喂颗粒化和口感化开食料,试验期42 d。两组羔羊21日龄之前的采食量、体重和绝对生长的变化趋势相似。21日龄以后,口感化开食料组羔羊的采食量、体重、绝对生长和相对生长均明显高于颗粒化开食料组,42日龄体重、后两周的采食量及15～21日龄的相对生长率在两组间有显著差异(P < 0.05)。口感化开食料还显著提高(P < 0.05)了羔羊42日龄时的育肥指数、体长指数、胸围指数、管围指数和断奶前的瘤胃质量和瘤胃/胴体。以上结果表明,与颗粒化开食料相比,口感化开食料更有利于羔羊早期断奶前后的瘤胃发育、采食量提高、体重和体尺的发育,但对其他胃室及肠道发育没有影响。     

Effects of a topical anaesthetic formulation and systemic carprofen, given singly or in combination, on the cortisol and behavioural responses of Merino lambs to castration

Objective   To determine the effectiveness of a topical anaesthetic formulation (Tri-Solfen) with or without the administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (carprofen) on the pain and distress response associated with ring or surgical castration of ram lambs.
Procedures   Merino ram lambs (n = 78) were allocated to 10 treatment groups: 4 groups of knife-castrated lambs and 4 groups of ring-castrated lambs received carprofen (4 mg/kg SC) and Tri-Solfen; 2 control groups (sham) received carprofen at 0 or 4 mg/kg SC. Measurements included plasma cortisol and haptoglobin concentrations, haematology, and behaviour, including posture.
Results   Knife-castrated lambs had higher peak cortisol and integrated cortisol responses for the first 6 h after treatment and greater concentration s of circulating acute phase proteins than ring-castrated lambs, both of which were significantly different from the sham controls. Tri-Solfen applied to the knife castration wound significantly reduced both the peak plasma cortisol concentration and the integrated cortisol response for the first 6 h and improved lying behaviour in the first 12 h. Carprofen reduced the cortisol response to knife castration at 30 min, but elevated the cortisol responses at 24 and 48 h. Carprofen nearly halved the number of acute pain behaviours associated with ring castration. There were no significant additive or synergistic effects from combining the analgesic treatments. Tri-Solfen applied to the tail wound provided no detectible benefits during ring castration + tail docking.
Conclusions   The physiological and behavioural responses suggest that ring castration has less impact on the lamb than knife castration. The specific analgesic treatments can provide modest amelioration of the pain and discomfort associated with castration. Alternative doses or application methods may enhance their efficacy.     

不同饲养方式对藏羔羊生长发育的影响

为了研究不同饲养方式对藏羔羊生长发育的影响,本试验对120只藏羔羊初生至12月龄体重、体尺测量数据进行了分析。结果表明:藏羔羊生长发育速度随月龄、季节的变化而变化。试验组羔羊初生到12月龄生长发育呈持续增长的态势。6月龄前生长发育迅速,6月龄平均体重由初生3.76 kg增长到24.43 kg,各项体尺数据均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。对照组藏羔羊9～10月龄开始体重因牧草质量下降、营养供给不足出现负增长,而体高、体长均增长缓慢。因此,在甘南藏羊的生产中应大力推广暖季放牧+冷季(放牧+补饲)饲养方式。