TFDG对IL-1β体外诱导大鼠软骨细胞炎性损伤的保护作用研究

体外分离培养SD雄性大鼠膝关节软骨细胞,经甲苯胺蓝及Ⅱ型胶原(Col Ⅱ)免疫荧光染色鉴定后,加入白介素-1β(IL-1β)诱导建立骨关节炎(OA)细胞模型,探讨茶黄素双没食子酸酯(TFDG)对OA软骨细胞的保护作用。细胞形态观察发现TFDG能明显改善OA软骨细胞形态。实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)结果显示,TFDG不仅可以上调软骨细胞分子标志物Col Ⅱ mRNA的表达,还可以下调炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6mRNA的表达。酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测结果进一步表明TFDG可明显降低炎症因子的分泌。免疫印迹(Western blot)检测结果证明,TFDG预干扰可降低炎症诱导酶环氧化酶COX-2蛋白表达量。这些结果说明TFDG通过减弱炎症反应,从而对IL-1β体外诱导大鼠软骨细胞炎性损伤起到保护作用。     

温针灸联合非甾体类消炎药治疗膝骨关节炎的临床研究

目的 观察温针灸联合非甾体类消炎药治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效。方法 将80例膝骨关节炎患者随机分为西药组和药灸联合组,各40例,西药组给予口服塞来昔布,药灸联合组在口服西药基础上联合温针灸,10d 1疗程,2个疗程结束后观察疗效。在治疗前、完成治疗时、完成治疗后3月、6月、1年共5个时间点分别测骨关节炎指数（western Ontario and McMaster university osteoarthritis index,WOMAC）,以评价临床疗效。结果 药灸组治疗后WOMAC量表各项评分均较西药组显著降低（P<0.05）,直至治疗后12月WOMAC总分仍显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。在治疗后、随访3月、随访6月时药灸组治疗总有效率高于西药组 （P<0.05）。进一步年龄分层研究发现,60岁人群中药灸组与西药组的差距逐渐缩小,而<60岁人群中直至治疗后12月WOMAC总评分仍显著低于西药组（P<0.05）。结论 联合温针灸治疗膝骨性关节炎疗效确切,尤其在60岁以下人群中疗效更为显著,值得临床推广应用。     

探讨不同浓度碘乙酸钠对家兔早期膝关节骨性关节炎模型的诱导及病理改变

目的 探讨不同浓度碘乙酸钠对家兔早期膝骨性关节炎（osteoarthritis,OA）模型的诱导及病理改变,确定建立OA模型的最小有效药物浓度。方法 将36只新西兰大白兔随机分为正常（A）组、模型（B~F）组,共6组,每组6只。A组左膝关节腔注射0.2 mL无菌生理盐水;B~E组左膝关节腔按照2.5、5、7.5、10 mg/kg剂量各注射0.2 mL的碘乙酸钠溶液,F组注射剂量与E组相同,同时以30 min/d分2次驱赶运动为干预因素。建模14 d后,采用HE染色及骨性关节炎组织病理学评分（Mankin评分）观察各组软骨的病理改变。结果 Mankin评分与A组相比,B、C组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,D、E、F组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与E组比较,F组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 模型D组药物浓度7.5 mg/kg为建立OA模型的最小有效药物剂量,且模型建立方法操作简单、创伤小,能够保证膝关节稳定性及实验动物的成活率。     

Comparison of three methods for arthrodesis of the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints in horses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of diode laser surgery (LS), surgical drilling (SD), and intraarticular sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) as methods for fusing the distal intertarsal (DIT) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: Adult horses (15) without radiographic signs of osteoarthritis (OA) of the DIT and TMT joints. METHODS: Group 1 (n=3) had LS performed bilaterally on DIT and TMT joints; 1 horse was evaluated for 1 week and 2 horses were evaluated for 2 weeks. Group 2 (n=6) had LS on DIT and TMT joints of 1 tarsus and MIA administration into the contralateral DIT and TMT joints and were evaluated for 6 months. Group 3 (n=6) had LS performed on DIT and TMT joints of 1 tarsus and SD of the contralateral DIT and TMT joints and were evaluated for 12 months. Postoperative comfort, lameness, radiography, microradiography, and histology scores were compared using repeated measures ANOVA, and paired or 2 sample t-tests; significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS: LS caused the least postoperative morbidity. In group 2, horses were less lame in 4 LS-treated limbs and 2 MIA-treated limbs at 6 months when compared with the contralateral limb. In group 3, horses were less lame in 5 LS-treated limbs and 1 SD-treated limb at 6 and 12 months compared with the contralateral limb. On microradiography, 11 MIA joints and 2 LS joints had bone bridging the joint at 6 months whereas 8 SD joints and 5 LS joints had bone bridging at 12 months. Significantly more joint space was bridged by bone in MIA- (51.4%) and SD (46.2%)-treated joints compared with LS joints at 6 (30.6%) and 12 (28.5%) months, respectively (P<.05). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: SD and MIA resulted in more bone bridging of the distal 2 tarsal joints, than LS. However, LS seemingly caused less pain and discomfort to horses in the immediate postoperative period; horses were generally less lame in the LS limb. More laser energy may need to be applied to these joints to promote fusion; however, it may also have beneficial effects beyond fusion. Further research on horses with OA of the distal 2 tarsal joints is needed to determine whether LS can cause soundness without facilitating bony fusion.     

LOW-FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF EARLY SUBCHONDRAL CYST-LIKE LESIONS IN INDUCED CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT DEFICIENT DOGS

Six healthy adult male mongrel dogs underwent cranial cruciate ligament transection in the left stifle. Survey radiography of both stifles and low-field (0.064 T) MRI of the left stifle were performed preoperatively and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Focal changes in signal intensity were seen with MRI in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. At 12 weeks postoperative, a cyst-like lesion was detected using MRI in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle in 4 of 6 dogs and a less defined lesion at this site in the remaining 2 dogs. The cyst-like lesion was spherical in shape and showed typical characteristics of fluid with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and high signal intensity on inversion recovery images. The lesion was seen in the subchondral bone of the caudal medial and/or middle region of the tibial plateau slightly cranial to the insertion of the caudal cruciate ligament. No subchondral cysts were seen in the tibia on radiographs. Histopathologically, the tibia was characterized by a loose myxomatous phase of early subchondral cyst formation.     

Developmental orthopaedic disease and early osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint in a 15-month-old Quarter Horse filly

A 15-month-old Quarter Horse filly presented for evaluation of hard swellings over the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the right metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). The TMJ swelling had been noted since she was weaned at 4 months of age and had slowly enlarged since then. Radiographs of both TMJs and the right MTPJ were performed, which revealed severe osteoarthrosis associated with osteochondrosis-like lesions. The filly was subjected to euthanasia due to the poor prognosis for performance. Computed tomography and post-mortem examination, including histopathology of the left TMJ, revealed early osteoarthritis (OA) associated with osteochondrosis-like lesions of the left TMJ and the right MTPJ, while the right hind proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) was diagnosed with early OA.     

Marine Collagen: A Promising Biomaterial for Wound Healing,Skin Anti-Aging,and Bone Regeneration

Marine organisms harbor numerous bioactive substances that can be utilized in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Scientific research on various applications of collagen extracted from these organisms has become increasingly prevalent. Marine collagen can be used as a biomaterial because it is water soluble, metabolically compatible, and highly accessible. Upon review of the literature, it is evident that marine collagen is a versatile compound capable of healing skin injuries of varying severity, as well as delaying the natural human aging process. From in vitro to in vivo experiments, collagen has demonstrated its ability to invoke keratinocyte and fibroblast migration as well as vascularization of the skin. Additionally, marine collagen and derivatives have proven beneficial and useful for both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis prevention and treatment. Other bone-related diseases may also be targeted by collagen, as it is capable of increasing bone mineral density, mineral deposition, and importantly, osteoblast maturation and proliferation. In this review, we demonstrate the advantages of marine collagen over land animal sources and the biomedical applications of marine collagen related to bone and skin damage. Finally, some limitations of marine collagen are briefly discussed.     

寒冷刺激鸡膝关节软骨显微结构变化观察

以冰浴鸡为试材,研究在寒冷刺激条件下对其膝关节软骨显微结构变化的影响。将20只健康蛋鸡随机分为对照组与试验组,对照组正常饲喂,试验组在正常饲喂的情况下每天对其膝关节进行2 h冰浴,持续30 d。取其膝关节软骨进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明:试验组关节软骨结构与对照组具有明显的差异。对照组软骨基质中胶原纤维排列呈拱形结构和薄壳结构,软骨细胞则顺胶原纤维方向排列于其间,结构致密;试验组软骨出现明显的退行性改变,软骨表面波浪状结构低平,拱形结构消失,软骨表面断裂,有胶原纤维及软骨细胞裸露,结构变得明显疏松。