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1.
【目的】探讨羽毛粉部分替代鱼粉外加角蛋白酶DP100(DP100)对异育银鲫生长及抗氧化能力的影响。【方法】配制7组饲料,Ⅰ组(对照组)以鱼粉为蛋白源(蛋白水平为317.9 g/kg),Ⅱ~Ⅶ组以羽毛粉蛋白替代10%的鱼粉蛋白,Ⅲ~Ⅶ组添加Ⅰ组相对短缺的4种必需氨基酸并分别添加0,100,200,300和400 mg/kg的DP100。用7组饲料分别饲喂异育银鲫83 d,试验结束后根据异育银鲫初始体质量、终末体质量(FBW)以及摄食量计算体质量增加率(BWG)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FER)、蛋白质效率(PER),并解剖取肝胰脏和肠道,测定其消化酶(蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶)活力及抗氧化指标(超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量)。【结果】Ⅱ和Ⅲ组异育银鲫FBW、BWG、SGR、FER、PER及肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),MDA含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);在添加DP100的各组中,Ⅳ组肠道SOD活力和肝胰脏CAT活力均与Ⅰ组无显著性差异,MDA含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),其余指标均显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05),除Ⅶ组肠道蛋白酶活力显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)外,Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ组各项指标均与Ⅰ组无显著性差异。【结论】羽毛粉替代10%鱼粉外加200~400 mg/kg DP100对异育银鲫生长性能、饲料利用和机体抗氧化能力无不良影响。  相似文献   
2.
为了得到蹄甲角蛋白酶高产菌株,本试验对1株产角蛋白酶的黄杆菌(Chryseobacteriumsp.)N5菌株进行紫外诱变,筛选得到高产突变株U3-22,利用考马斯亮蓝法测定U3-22菌株的角蛋白酶发酵活力达69.9U/mL,比出发菌株的25.4U/mL提高了2.75倍。该角蛋白酶最适反应温度是70℃,最适pH是7.5;K+、Mg2+、Na2SO3对该角蛋白酶有较明显的促进作用,而Mn2+、Zn2+的抑制作用较为明显;突变株U3-22产生的角蛋白酶对蹄甲粉具有很强的分解能力,且具有较好的热稳定性和pH稳定性。结果表明,U3-22产生的角蛋白酶是一种新型的耐高温、耐酸碱角蛋白酶,在动物蹄甲、羽毛等废弃资源的利用中有巨大的应用前景。  相似文献   
3.
羽毛角蛋白降解的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
羽毛角蛋白是一种硬性蛋白,在动物饲料、复合材料、食品包装和医药制品等领域展现出良好应用前景。但因羽毛角蛋白难溶解和降解的特殊性,一般方法很难获得可溶性角蛋白,酶法相对于传统物理和化学降解法具有反应条件温和、环境污染小和降解产物稳定等优点,是具有很高实用价值的羽毛降解途径。文中重点介绍角蛋白酶对羽毛的降解作用,并概述物理、化学方法的降解原理以及角蛋白的综合利用。  相似文献   
4.
通过羽毛粉的酶解实验,研究了嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)DHHJ突变菌株的粗酶液的理化性质。结果表明,酶水解羽毛的最适条件为pH7.8、温度50℃,在pH7.0~8.0、60℃以下酶活较稳定。Ca^2+、Ba^2+、Cu^2+、Na^+、K^+和Mg^2+对粗酶活力有促进作用,而Hg^2+、Cd^2+、Pb^2+、Zn^2+和苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)则对粗酶活力有抑制作用。对粗酶液进行了十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE),根据测定结果认为该角蛋白酶可能为复合酶,由两个亚基构成,分子量分别为141kD和119kD,并认为这是一种新型角蛋白酶。  相似文献   
5.
角蛋白的微生物降解与利用   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
谭盈盈  郑平 《中国沼气》2001,19(2):30-34
本文对角蛋白、角蛋白酶、角蛋白降解菌的研究和应用状况作了系统的综述,现代化的家禽养殖产生大量角蛋白废物(如羽毛和毛发),若加以合理利用,它们是一种新的蛋白质来源。多种角蛋白降解菌和角蛋白酶已被分离并得到深入研究。在强调可持续发展的今天,角蛋白酶的研发和角蛋白废的利用不失为一个经济有效的环保举措。  相似文献   
6.
A new feather-degrading bacterium was isolated from soil samples colected from pile-up feather places in this study.The transparent circle was produced after the strain was cultured on the milk medium for 24 h,the colony shape of the strain was irregular,rough surface,edge blur,and could produce green fluorescent pigment.It was gram negative,short rod,nospore and capsule and had a flagellum scanning by electron microscope. Biochemical test showed that the isolate could hydrolyze milk and gelatin,utilize citrate with keratinase activity and nitrate reduction reaction positive.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the isolate was most closely related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (GenBank accession No.:BAMA01000316).Combined with the above results,the isolated strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa B1-2. When it was inoculated on basal medium containing 1% feather as sole carbon and nitrogen source,the highest level of keratinase activity was 60.3 U/mL after 48 h while the degradation rate of feather was 85.7%. This result indicated that the newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa B1-2 could be useful in management of farm wastes.  相似文献   
7.
淡紫拟青霉角蛋白酶特性初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
【目的】对淡紫拟青霉PL-HN-16角蛋白酶的酶学特性进行初步研究。【方法】以鸡毛(黄色和黑色)、鹅毛、猪毛角蛋白为发酵底物,并作为培养基中的惟一氮源,观测发酵液的变化及培养液中的角蛋白酶活性,同时以鹅毛为发酵底物,对淡紫拟青霉角蛋白酶粗酶的最适作用温度和pH进行了初步研究。【结果】PL-HN-16对鸡毛、鹅毛、猪毛均能降解,PL-HN-16角蛋白粗酶最适作用温度为40℃、最适pH为8.0。【结论】在最佳作用温度与pH条件下,PL-HN-16角蛋白酶活性为41U/mL,PL-HN-16对不同发酵底物的降解活性不尽相同。  相似文献   
8.
Versazyme (VZ) is a keratinase-based feed additive. Broiler diets were formulated with low (95%), medium (100%), or high (105%) CP and amino acid levels relative to US Poultry Industry Reporting Service averages (2003). In each diet, amino acid minimums were maintained relative to the percentage of CP. The protein levels were as follows: starter—21, 22, 23%; grower—19, 20, 21%; finisher—17, 18, 19%; and withdrawal—16, 17, 18%. Mixed sex broilers 0 to 48 d of age were fed the 3 protein levels with and without VZ (0.10%) in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. Statistical main effects indicated 48-d BW was greater on the high protein diets (2.42 kg) compared with low protein (2.36 kg), with the medium protein diet being intermediate (2.40 kg). Overall, VZ significantly (P < 0.01) improved 48-d BW 2.54% (from 2.36 to 2.42 kg, P < 0.01), feed conversion ratio 1.62% (from 1.912 to 1.881, P < 0.01), and breast meat yield 1.68% (from 31.57 to 32.10%, P < 0.01). The improvements in BW and feed conversion ratio by VZ were greatest with the low protein diets. However, VZ produced the greatest improvement in breast meat yield at the medium and high protein levels. This enzyme feed additive apparently improves the utilization of amino acids by broilers fed diets formulated to commercial specifications.  相似文献   
9.
A Microsporum canis recombinant 31.5 kDa keratinase and a M. canis crude exo-antigen were tested as vaccines in an experimental infection model in guinea pigs. Animals were vaccinated subcutaneously three times at two-week intervals with either the keratinase, the exo-antigen or the adjuvant alone. Cutaneous challenge was performed blindly. Both humoral and cellular-specific immune responses to M. canis antigens were evaluated every 14 days, while a blind evaluation of clinical lesion development and fungal persistency in skin were monitored weekly. Vaccination induced very high and significant (P < 0.01) antibody responses towards both antigens. High cell-mediated immune responses to both immunogens were also induced by vaccination. After challenge, however, scores reflecting the severity of dermatophytic lesions did not differ significantly between vaccinated and control groups at any time after challenge. These results suggest that, in the guinea pig, the induction of specific immune responses against the M. canis-secreted antigens used in this study are not protective against challenge exposure.  相似文献   
10.
本试验旨在对已构建枯草芽孢杆菌WB600角蛋白酶重组菌WB600-K进行发酵条件优化,获得最佳产酶条件,以期提高重组菌角蛋白酶的产量;同时通过研究不同种类碳源和氮源间的组合优化获得成本低廉的重组菌发酵培养基配方。结果显示,当发酵液D600 nm=1.0时添加0.5%木糖诱导发酵WB600-K分泌表达角蛋白酶酶活最佳(P<0.05);山梨醇作为碳源可显著提高WB600-K角蛋白酶酶活(P<0.05),但成本较高不宜作为混合碳源来源;不同种类碳源(葡萄糖、玉米粉、糖蜜、甘油)组合添加能显著提高重组菌角蛋白酶酶活(P<0.05)。不同种类氮源(蛋白胨、酵母粉、豆粕粉、尿素)组合添加对于重组菌提高角蛋白酶酶活效果不如单一氮源(蛋白胨)(P<0.05)。在诱导发酵48 h时WB600-K产角蛋白酶酶活最高(P<0.05)。对发酵配方进行正交试验优化,WB600-K在玉米粉5.1 g/L、葡萄糖5.9 g/L、糖蜜5.9 g/L、甘油3.0 g/L、蛋白胨20 g/L、NaCl 10 g/L,发酵液D600 nm=1.0时加0.5%木糖诱导发酵48 h能显著提高角蛋白酶酶活(P<0.05),达到56.9 U/mL,较初始培养条件提高49.74%。综上,在优化发酵条件下进行发酵及不同种类碳源间组合能提高WB600-K角蛋白酶活性,可为角蛋白酶工业化生产提供试验依据。  相似文献   
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