豆薯开花习性观察研究

豆薯是我国明末时期由美洲引种的作物之一。豆薯品种（系）开花习性观察结果表明,豆薯花序着生在主茎和分枝的叶腋上,在种子生产中主蔓的8～18节上形成花序,不同品种（系）第1花序着生部位（节间）有差别;不同品种（系）和同品种（系）不同生长条件下花序长度变化极大;将豆薯开花的过程划分为6个时期,花冠半伸期为去雄杂交关键时期;整株和每穗开花顺序多数由下部花序向上部逐渐开放,但相邻花序不同花簇上的花蕾可在同天开放;每天开花时间在10：00前基本结束。     

发酵凉薯酸奶工艺研究

通过采用单因素试验和正交试验方法研究凉薯酸奶加工工艺并对其进行优化,为其实际生产凉薯酸奶进一步研究提供理论依据和技术手段。以凉薯、鲜牛奶为主要原料,以杆菌:球菌、接种量、凉薯:牛奶、加糖量、发酵时间和发酵温度为因素进行单因素试验,随后选取杆菌:球菌、接种量、凉薯:牛奶、加糖量4 个因素,应用L9(34)正交试验法,以凉薯酸奶感官为标准优化凉薯乳酸发酵的工艺条件。结果表明,当杆菌:球菌=2:3、凉薯:牛奶=2:3、接种量5%、加糖量（以蔗糖计）6%,培养温度43℃,发酵时间4 h,试验结果最佳,符合大众口感。研究提高了对凉薯的应用,丰富了酸奶的种类,满足了市场的需求。     

Developmental patterns of jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) plant and the chemical constituents of roots grown in Sonora, Mexico

The developmental pattern of jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) was studied by sampling plants aged 20 to 36 weeks at weekly intervals. There was an increase in all characteristics of foliage: fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per plant, main stem length, number of leaves, nodes and internodes of the main stem; and in all root characteristics: fresh and dry weight, diameter and length. The chemical analysis was determined for roots at different plant ages. The range values for dry matter were 16.19–22.28%, protein 1.11–1.62%, fat 0.553–0.867%, crude fiber 0.3048–0.3943%, and ash 0.669–1.089%. The chemical constituents fluctuated with age but without specific trends. These values are considered the first record of roots produced by plants grown in Mexico.