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为探索硬化蛋白(sclerostin,SOST)基因在淇河鲫肌间骨骨化过程中的调控作用,本研究以淇河鲫仔稚鱼为研究对象,利用整体骨骼染色法对肌间骨的形态发生进行观察,并采用q RT-PCR、Western Blot和免疫组织化学技术检测SOST基因在肌间骨不同骨化阶段的m RNA和蛋白表达变化情况。结果显示,淇河鲫发育至24 dpf(day post fertilization),肌膈中出现纤维束;25 dpf髓弓小骨出现,28 dpf脉弓小骨出现,33 dpf髓弓小骨出现分叉,45 dpf肌间小骨发育完全。SOST基因在肌间骨骨化发生各阶段均有表达,23 dpf的表达量最低(P0.05),随着肌间小骨的骨化发育,SOST基因呈递增趋势,45 dpf表达量显著高于其他骨化阶段(P0.05);SOST蛋白在45 dpf时显著高于23和27 dpf(P0.05),与其他发育阶段无显著差异(P0.05)。SOST m RNA和蛋白变化趋势基本相同,都在23dpf处于最低,肌间骨全部出现后表达量达到最高,与淇河鲫肌间骨的形态发生趋势一致。因此,推测SOST与淇河鲫肌间骨骨化具有一定的相关性,可调控肌间骨的分化和形成。  相似文献   
3.
邱朝坤  范露  李蕊江 《安徽农业科学》2013,41(19):8307-8309
[目的]研究了猪骨中猪骨油的提取及碱炼工艺。[方法]采用高压蒸煮法、常压煮沸法和碱液提取法3种方法提取猪骨油,然后对提取的粗猪骨油进行碱炼。[结果]猪骨油最佳提取条件为:骨水比1∶2,121℃高压蒸煮2 h,此条件下猪骨油提取率达到最高的13.54%。猪骨油的最佳碱炼条件为:碱液浓度5%,超碱量25%,碱炼初温50℃,碱炼终温75℃。[结论]该研究结果可为猪骨的综合利用以及提高猪骨附加值开辟新途径。  相似文献   
4.
Mast cell tumors are found in most organs and tissues with variable biologic behavior in dogs. This case illustrates the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a dog with disseminated mast cell tumor infiltrating the sphenoid bones. A 6‐year‐old male neutered Greyhound presented with a 3‐day history of acute onset of blindness. General physical examination was normal. Neurological examination revealed mildly disorientated mental status, absent menace response in both eyes, bilaterally decreased vestibulo–oculocephalic reflexes and absent direct and consensual pupillary light reflex in both eyes. An electroretinogram indicated normal retinal function in both eyes. A lesion involving the middle and rostral cranial fossa was suspected. Hematology and serum biochemistry were normal except decreased urea (1.2 mmol/L). MRI of the head revealed heterogeneous signal intensity of the sphenoid bones on T2‐weighted images and loss of their normal internal architecture. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. Abdominal ultrasound revealed hepatosplenomegaly and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspirates were taken from the jejunal lymph nodes and the spleen. Results were consistent with disseminated mast cell tumor. The owner declined any treatment and the dog was euthanatized. Postmortem examination confirmed disseminated mast cell tumor affecting multiple organs, including the sphenoid bones. To our knowledge, this is the first case describing MRI features of disseminated mast cell tumor affecting the sphenoid bones and causing acute onset of blindness in a dog.  相似文献   
5.
几种常见鲤科养殖鱼类肌间刺的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
对鲢、鳙、团头鲂和异育银鲫肌间刺的数目、形态和分布进行分析研究,结果显示:鲢的肌间刺数目在117~124之间,鳙的肌间刺数目在116~133之间,团头鲂的肌间刺数目在114~129之间,异育银鲫的肌间刺数目在79~87之间。每条鱼左右两侧的肌间刺数目不完全相等,但总体上两侧肌间刺的数目接近。不同部位的肌间刺数目也有差异:躯干部轴上肌中的肌间刺数目最多,尾部轴上肌与轴下肌中的肌间刺数目基本相等。鲢、鳙、鲫和团头鲂的肌间刺形态都在10种以上。这几种鱼每条鱼的躯干部轴上肌中都有一根很细很短的“l”形刺,这根最短刺的长度在不同规格的鱼上差别并不大。  相似文献   
6.
Five New World camelids were admitted to the Western College of Veterinary Medicine between 1996 and 2003 for evaluation of femoral fractures. There were three alpacas and two llamas. Four of the animals were female and three were less than 3 months of age. Fracture configurations consisted of distal physeal fractures (three), a comminuted diaphyseal/metaphyseal fracture, and a transverse diaphyseal fracture. Fractures were diagnosed with a combination of physical examination and radiographs in all cases. All five fractures were repaired with internal fixation and three animals were discharged from the hospital with fractures that healed. One cria underwent successful internal fixation but died from pulmonary oedema during recovery from anaesthesia. Postoperative complications were rare and limited to inadequate fracture stability in one alpaca and prolonged recovery to weight bearing in another. One llama with a comminuted metaphyseal fracture, repaired with a 4.5 mm dynamic compression plate, subsequently had catastrophic failure of the bone 17 days after surgery. Overall the clients were pleased with the outcome of discharged animals. Although femoral fractures are considered rare, they pose a unique opportunity for the large animal veterinarian to successfully achieve fracture union with the aid of internal fixation.  相似文献   
7.

Background

It has not yet been shown that ossification of ungular cartilages (OUC) is a pathological condition. Beside heredity, factors such as sex, age, repeated concussion, local trauma, hoof and body size have been suggested as contributing factors for OUC development. By comparing radiographs of front hooves from cold-blooded trotters with different age we wanted to evaluate when development of OUC in cold-blooded trotters occurs and if and when it stabilizes in relation to age and workload. Diagnosis and grading of OUC were based on radiological field examinations of 649 Swedish and Norwegian cold-blooded trotters’ front hooves. A hundred and forty-seven of the horses were re-examined 3-13 years (mean age 9, median 8 years) after the first occasion. All radiographs were evaluated blind, using two different grading systems for OUC. Work load, in form of number of races completed, and body size score were collected from official data. Four statistical ordinal regression models were used, compared and evaluated.

Results

We identified a breakpoint at 2.8 ± 0.38 years of age when ossification ends and proposed a simpler grading system with more consistent results. There was no significant correlation between body size and grade of OUC. Comparison of different statistical methods for evaluation of ordinal data revealed a piecewise linear regression model as most suitable.

Conclusions

Individuals with OUC developed this condition during the stage of life when their hooves develop in size. Results from this study can assist equine practitioners when examining and for understanding this condition in their clinical work and is also beneficial for the Scandinavian equine industry when devising breeding programs.  相似文献   
8.
The study of sexual dimorphism in dog anatomy, especially with regard to skeletal elements, has received little attention. The present work focuses on elements of the canine stylo- and zeugopodium, less documented than the skull or pelvis in the literature. In order to identify only sex-dependent effects, we analysed a single breed: the German Shepherd Dog. Data come from 25 dogs, with a balanced sex ratio (12 males and 13 females). Four skeletal elements of the forelimb and hindlimb (humerus, radius, femur, tibia) were each measured using seven linear morphometric variables. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then performed on these 28 variables. For all measurements, males are on average larger than females, with a mean sexual dimorphism ratio of 1.07. Sexual dimorphism is significant for 92.8% of the variables. Except of femoral measurements, diaphyseal values show the highest grade of sexual dimorphism. The mean level of disparity is higher in the forelimb (1.08) than in the hindlimb (1.05). A significant dimorphism is shown for the first component of principal component analyses conducted on each skeletal element, and for the second component with humerus measurements. Discriminant functions for sex identification give success rates included between 82% for the radius and 93% for the femur, the latter providing the highest reported score for sex identification in dogs from any skeletal element. These complementary statistic methods highlight a more dimorphic forelimb in size and a more dimorphic hindlimb in shape.  相似文献   
9.
A 7-year-old American Quarter Horse gelding was referred to the JT Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital at Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, for an investigation of a recurrent swelling of the nasofrontal region. Computed tomography examination of the skull was most consistent with a sequestrum of the left nasofrontal suture with associated focal osteomyelitis and left conchofrontal sinusitis. Surgery to remove the sequestrum, debride the devitalized bone, and flush the left conchofrontal sinus was performed. A microbial culture was obtained at the time of surgery, which yielded a mixed heavy growth of an Actinomyces species. Quantitative PCR indicated a species with 93% resemblance to Actinomyces funkei. A treatment course of two weeks of oral chloramphenicol was prescribed. At three-month follow-up, the owner reported resolution of the swelling.  相似文献   
10.
商周马学考     
商周时期不同文化圈的相互交流,共同促进了华夏文明的发展。此时中国马业崛起,马学知识取得了一定的成绩。文章通过梳理商周甲骨、金文和传世文献,认为马匹鉴别、繁育和管理是商周马学的主要内容。马匹鉴别经历了从个体识别到群体鉴别的发展过程;马匹繁育由选种、执驹和去势共同组成一个完整体系;而分工合作、高效运营的马匹管理体系也逐渐形成,从而促进商周马业发展。据此可知商周是中国古代马科学理论的萌芽时期,这与目前考古结果相一致。  相似文献   
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