播期对胶园林下种植疣柄魔芋产量和品质的影响

为明确胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋的适宜播期，以疣柄魔芋（Amorphophallus virosus）为供试材料，分别以种植面积较大的常规胶园和光照条件更优的全周期胶园为间作林，研究2016年2月25日（SD1）、3月25日（SD2）、4月25日（SD3）三个播期对疣柄魔芋生育期、叶片性状、块茎产量、块茎可溶性糖、蛋白质和淀粉含量的影响。结果显示：全周期胶园林下疣柄魔芋生育期各播期差异不显著，常规胶园林下疣柄魔芋生育期随播期延后而缩短，SD1与SD3差异达显著水平。全周期胶园林下疣柄魔芋叶片数和叶柄基部直径随播期延后而显著增加，叶柄长度受播期影响不显著；常规林下不同播期疣柄魔芋的叶片数无显著差异，叶柄长度和基部直径随播期延后而降低，SD1和SD3差异达显著水平。全周期胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋的平均产量以SD1播期最高，为22.76 t·hm^-2，但三个播期间差异不显著；常规胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋的产量随播期延后而逐渐增加，以SD3播期的产量最高，为10.90 t·hm^-2，与SD1差异达显著水平。播期对胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和淀粉含量无显著影响。综上可知，全周期胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋在2月25日—4月25日间均适宜播种，适当早播有利于其产量形成；常规成龄胶园林下间作疣柄魔芋以3月25—4月25日之间为宜，适当晚播有利于其产量形成；全周期胶园林下疣柄魔芋产量显著高于常规胶园。研究结果可为橡胶园林下疣柄魔芋的高产高效栽培技术提供理论依据。     

木薯间作糯玉米的高产高效模式分析

为研究不同栽种规格的木薯间作糯玉米模式和发掘高产高效间作模式，对木薯净作，糯玉米净作和8种木薯间作糯玉米模式进行了鲜薯产量和经济效益的研究。结果表明：木薯间作糯玉米模式是可行的，体现出明显的间作优势。发现不同间作模式的经济效益不同，其中处理9(大行距100 cm，小行距70 cm)的鲜薯产量(51 274.36 kg/hm2)最高，处理4(行距100 cm)的经济效益(52 794.15元/hm2)最高，处理9的经济效益(46 556.97元/hm2)排第3位。综合评价认为，处理9的木薯间作糯玉米模式最合理。试验结果为进一步推广高产高效木薯间作糯玉米模式提供了有力依据。     

Dry-season sesbania fallows and their influence on nitrogen availability and maize yields in Malawi

Nitrogen deficiency is widespread in southern Africa, but inorganic fertilizers are often unaffordable for smallholder farmers. Short-duration leguminous fallows are one possible means of soil fertility restoration. We monitored preseason topsoil (0 to 20 cm) ammonium and nitrate, fallow biomass production and grain yields for three years in a relay cropping trial with sesbania [Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.] and maize (Zea mays L.). Sesbania seedlings were interplanted with maize during maize sowing at 0, 7400 or 14,800 trees ha^–1, in factorial combination with inorganic N fertilizer at 0 or 48 kg N ha^–1 (half the recommended rate). After maize harvest, fallows were allowed to grow during the seven-month dry season, and were cleared before sowing the next maize crop. Both sesbania fallows and inorganic N fertilizer resulted in significantly greater (P < 0.01 to 0.05) preseason topsoil nitrate-N than following unfertilized sole maize. In plots receiving no fertilizer N, preseason topsoil inorganic N correlated with maize yield over all three seasons (r ² = 0.62, P < 0.001). Sesbania fallows gave significantly higher maize yields than unfertilized sole maize in two of three years (P < 0.01 to 0.05). Sesbania biomass yields were extremely variable, were not significantly related to sesbania planting density, and were inconsistently related to soil N fractions and maize yields. Short-duration fallows may offer modest yield increases under conditions where longer duration fallows are not possible. This gain must be considered against the loss of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) harvest in the similarly structured maize-pigeonpea intercrop common in the region.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

窄冠黑杨窄冠黑白杨的选育(I)田间试验及结果分析

通过杂交育种，苗期选择，无性系测定，选出了6个窄冠黑杨，1个窄冠黑白杨无性系。前者生长量接近对照I-69/55和中林46，冠幅比对照小1/2—1/3，耐盐碱能力较强，容易扦插繁殖，造林成活率高。后者生长量与窄冠白杨3号相当，冠幅比窄冠白杨3号更窄，繁殖方式同一般毛白杨。两类品种均为适合于农田林网及农林间作的杨树新品种。     

果林下六种牧草的光响应特性与地上生物量关系的研究

在果林下间作菊苣、紫花苜蓿（新疆大叶）、紫花苜蓿（驯鹿）、红三叶、鸭茅、无芒雀麦,对6种牧草的产量和光响应特性进行测定分析,研究不同牧草在果林的生长状况。结果表明：六种牧草产量的高低依次为菊苣>驯鹿苜蓿>新疆大叶>鸭茅>红三叶>无芒雀麦。利用叶子飘新模型[15~16]对6种牧草的光响应曲线拟合表明菊苣、紫花苜蓿（新疆大叶）、紫花苜蓿（驯鹿）的光合能力较强,最大净光合速率均大于15μmol CO2.m -2.s – 1。六种牧草的光补偿点的大小为鸭茅<菊苣<新疆大叶<驯鹿苜蓿<无芒雀麦<红三叶,光饱和点为驯鹿苜蓿>新疆大叶>无芒雀麦>鸭茅>红三叶>菊苣;六种牧草在光量子小于400μmol m-2.s-1时Pn均值与第一茬鲜草产量存在显著相关关系。     

武鸣县木薯间作花生、大豆的高产高效模式

总结广西区武鸣县木薯间作花生、大豆的高产高效栽培模式,以促进其推广应用。     

玫瑰与粮食蔬菜间作种植研究

玫瑰与蔬菜、粮食间作田间试验研究表明,玫瑰花与粮食蔬菜间作经济效益是单植玫瑰的1.5~6.0倍,从地力、空间和时间3个方面分析了间作成功的机理;筛选出的7种优良模式,可在不同的条件下推广应用于生产。     

Agronomic performance of no-tillage relay intercropping with maize under smallholder conditions in Central Brazil

In the context of conservation agriculture on small scale farms of the Brazilian Cerrado, we hypothesized that planting a cover crop in relay with a commercial crop improves the efficiency of use of available natural resources, increasing biomass for use as fodder without reducing the grain yield of the main crop. The objective of this study was to measure the performance of two intercropped systems in terms of total above-ground biomass production and maize (Zea mays) grain yield: pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and Brachiaria (Brachiaria ruziziensis) sown as cover crops in established maize under a no-tillage management. The cover crops were sown at two different dates and a comparison was made with the three crops sown as a sole crop at the early sowing date. The experiment was conducted during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons. Maize grain yield was not reduced by the presence of the relay cover crops in comparison with maize as the sole crop, even when the cover crop was sown soon after maize emergence. In contrast, the production of above-ground biomass by the cover crop was significantly lower when grown with maize than it was when grown as a sole crop. In the intercropped systems, when sown early, the cover crop produced higher total biomass than when sown late. Total above-ground biomass production of maize intercropped with a cover crop was much higher than that of any of the crops sown alone: the total biomass (average of the two growing seasons) produced by maize and pigeon pea was more than double that of maize grown alone. The land equivalent ratio (LER) of maize grain yield and biomass production was higher than one whatever the intercropped system used. It was particularly high when maize was intercropped with early sown pigeon pea; grain yield LER and biomass LER reaching, respectively, 1.72 and 1.73 in 2007-2008 and 2.02 and 2.03 in 2008-2009. These high LER values provide evidence for the complementary and the high efficiency of use of available resources by the intercropped plants and thus the advantage of such systems to produce both maize grain and cover crop forage under the conditions of our study.     

春马铃薯间套两茬燕麦生产研究

为研究农业中,粮食生产与牧草发展争地矛盾的实际问题,本论文利用马铃薯和燕麦为实验材料设置了三个处理：马铃薯净作、燕麦净作和马铃薯燕麦间作。结果表明：马铃薯和燕麦间作有利于马铃薯出苗和前期营养生长;马铃薯间套两茬燕麦的经济产量达43450.4kghm-2,比净作马铃薯增加经济产量28.07%;但间作显著降低了马铃薯块茎产量和商品薯率,间作马铃薯块茎产量仅是净作的32.38%。本研究结果初步表明：马铃薯间套两茬燕麦,一茬收获籽实,一茬收割牧草,这种缓解粮食与牧草生产争地矛盾的粮草间作模式是可行的。     

Dry matter partitions and specific leaf weight of soybean change with tree competition in an intercropping system

In 2004 and 2005, the yield, leaf area, dry weight and dry weight partitions of soybeans were determined at the Agroforestry Research Site (ARS) (est. 1987, Ontario, Canada). Soybean was intercropped with poplar (Populus deltoides x nigra DN-177 L., 556 m³crown tree⁻¹), silver maple (Acer saccharinum L., 308 m³), black walnut (Juglans nigra L., 148 m³) and pecan (Carya illinoensis Wangenh., 114 m³), or grown alone (monoculture). Yield of soybean was not different in either year between the monoculture and the black walnut or pecan intercrops. In the poplar and silver maple treatments, yield was 66 and 85% (2004 and 2005) lower than in the monoculture. Despite the fact that different tree species were used, there was a significant negative linear regression between yield and tree crown volume (R ² = 0.76, P = 0.0049 and R ² = 0.93, P < 0.0001 in 2004 and 2005, respectively). With increasing tree crown volume, soybean tended to partition more dry matter to the photosynthetic and reproductive parts and less to structural tissue and petiole. This demonstrates the phenotypic flexibility of the crop component in agroforestry systems. Contrary to theoretical predictions, soybean leaves were thicker as shade increased (increase by 6.2 × 10⁻⁴–1.2 × 10⁻³ mg cm⁻², per unit of crown volume), pointing to competitive interactions specific to tree-based intercrops.