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1.
Vacant land, a product of population and economic decline resulting in abandonment of infrastructure, has increased substantially in shrinking cities around the world. In Cleveland, Ohio, vacant lots are minimally managed, concentrated within low-income neighborhoods, and support a large proportion of the city’s urban forest. We quantified abundance, richness, diversity, and size class of native and exotic tree species on inner-city vacant lots, inner-city residential lots, and suburban residential lots, and used i-Tree Eco to model the quantity and economic value of regulating ecosystem services provided by their respective forest assemblages. Inner-city vacant lots supported three times as many trees, more exotic than native trees, and greater tree diversity than inner-city and suburban residential lots, with the plurality of trees being naturally-regenerated saplings. The urban forest on inner-city vacant lots also had two times as much leaf area and leaf biomass, and more tree canopy cover. The quantity and monetary value of ecosystem services provided by the urban forest was greatest on inner-city vacant lots, with exotic species contributing most of that value, while native taxa provided more monetary value on residential lots. The predominately naturally-regenerated, minimally managed exotic species on vacant land provide valuable ecosystem services to inner-city neighborhoods of Cleveland, OH.  相似文献   
2.
  1. Marine infrastructures are becoming ubiquitous as a result of the increasing exploitation of resources in the nearshore environment. These infrastructures are frequently linked with habitat degradation, pollution, and the establishment and spread of alien species. As marine infrastructures are perceived as threats to marine ecosystems, they are typically disregarded in conservation planning schemes.
  2. Here, the presence of invertebrates and fish was surveyed in infrastructure areas with prohibited public access, as well as in nearby rocky reef areas that had no infrastructure and were open to the public.
  3. It was found that species richness, Shannon diversity, and uniqueness of both fish and invertebrates were significantly higher in the infrastructure habitats than in the rocky reef habitats in most cases. Surprisingly, the findings show that the proportion of alien species was higher in the unprotected rocky reef habitats compared with that in the infrastructure habitats.
  4. These counterintuitive findings suggest that marine infrastructures that limit unauthorized access to the surrounding territory may contribute to conservation if they are acknowledged and managed, according to their potential to provide a habitat for marine species. This suggests that these areas should be considered by planners as opportunities to enhance the connectivity of populations and to supplement marine protected areas in heavily impacted marine environments.
  相似文献   
3.
The newly formed extensive flooded land associated with the Three Gorges Reservoir hold great potentials to provide ecosystem services (ESs) for surrounding cities and communities. Conflicting values and conventional management strategies may complicate and inhibit broad-scale decision-making for this novel ecosystem. Public attitudes are a crucial influence in the way this process plays out. This study was conducted to assess how the reservoir bank is perceived by the general public of Chongqing Municipality in terms of importance of riparian ESs, and preference for corresponding landscape design styles through photo-questionnaire interviewing. Although Chongqing citizens know little of the “ecosystem services” concept, they do recognise riparian environmental and ecological benefits especially the bank protection and pollution interception functions, while benefits of habitats for wildlife and flood attenuation were of less concern. Recreational values were least appreciated, which is inconsistent with other studies. This may be attributed to a wider, intensive environmental education in various social media in today’s China. But publicity has been dominated by toxic air, water and soil pollution control rather than the benefits of nature conservation and personal contact with nature. In line with recognition of ESs, there is quite strong preference for the forested design scenario and particularly vegetation components across the socio-demographic spectrum. Overall, socio-demographic variables have very low explanatory power for the perceptual responses. Our study also revealed misunderstandings around riparian functions and a gap between public expectations and special abiotic and biotic prerequisites in restoring novel ecosystems. Finally, we discuss the relevance of this research to urban novel ecosystems in general, and implications for raising public awareness, engaging appropriate public values in sustainable design and management of such ecosystems.  相似文献   
4.
吴晨阳  王婉莹 《水土保持通报》2020,40(3):260-267,273
[目的]定量分析国家中心城市2006—2017年基础设施承载力的具体情况,为促进国家中心城市建设良性健康发展提供科学依据。[方法]选取2006—2017年国家中心城市基础设施承载力面板数据,从压力和状态两个层面构建城市基础设施承载力评价指标体系。运用熵权TOPSIS方法和障碍度模型对2006—2017年国家中心城市基础设施承载力和障碍因素进行评价和诊断,并基于基础设施承载力评价结果,定量测度基础设施承载力状况并诊断其障碍因子。[结果] 2006—2010年国家中心城市的基础设施承载力水平总体上大幅度提升,2011—2017年基础设施承载力的增长速度有所减缓,北京、上海、成都、郑州、西安的基础设施承载力大幅度提高,广州市的基础设施承载力改善幅度最小;随着国家中心城市的人口持续增加,基础设施的承载压力也持续增加,通过障碍度模型分析发现制约国家中心城市基础设施承载力的主要因素为人均绿地面积、人均家庭年生活用水量和城市移动电话普及率。[结论]随着中国经济的发展,中心城市对人口的虹吸作用越加强烈,人均绿地面积、城市移动电话普及率以及人均家庭年生活用水量可能与城市的经济与人口规模产生脱钩现象,无法满足人们日常的基础设施需求。  相似文献   
5.
星球城市化:风景园林的新理论基础   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
蔡淦东 《广东园林》2020,42(5):76-80
星球城市化是建立在对城市/非城市二元论批判上提出的立足全球尺度的城市理论,其对非城市区域的关注与思考,以及操作性景观等概念的提出,均论证了这一城市研究理论与风景园林学科的密切联系。以星球城市化为基础发展起来的一系列新思潮近年来对风景园林的教育与实践产生了重要影响,星球生态学、星球建筑学以及星球基础设施等新概念的提出为学科带来了新的思考角度与操作手法,同时也促进了风景园林与多个学科之间的良性交流与补充。在星球视野下的风景园林学科将凭借其综合性与包容性,在全球人居环境营造中承担更重要的责任。  相似文献   
6.
Depending on the spatial density of built cover and location within a catchment, residential areas make varying contributions to surface runoff throughout different rainfall events. This study examined these contributions and the associated effect of different surface covers and sustainable drainage systems on runoff generation. The Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) method was applied to analyse urban development in the Höjeå river catchment in southern Sweden.The results indicated that identical amounts of surface runoff are generated by low-density residential areas on heavy clay soils and high-density residential areas on sandy soils. However, increasing the density of built-up areas on sandy soils is likely to be more disruptive to the hydrological balance and to generate a greatly increasing difference in runoff as building density and impermeable surface area increase. A similar pattern is likely to occur if rainfall intensity increases. It may therefore be appropriate to apply different planning considerations to residential developments depending on the existing soil group, e.g. conserving existing vegetated surfaces on sandy soil and incorporating permeable paving materials and sub-surface infiltration beds in development on clayey soils. Increased area of impermeable surface cover will increase surface runoff in all residential areas, irrespective of building density, soil group and rainfall intensity. However, adapting a systems approach in combining vegetative structures and permeable paving materials with subsurface infiltration beds can help mitigate the impact of surface runoff, particularly in urban developments on clay-rich soils.  相似文献   
7.
大兴安岭北部林区森林防火基础设施建设项目是建国后国家一次性用于国有林区森林防火投资最大的基础设施建设工程。介绍了该项目建设的基本情况,总结了主要建设成效,分析了存在问题,提出了相关对策建议。  相似文献   
8.
国家重大科技基础设施是国家为在科学技术前沿取得重大突破、解决经济社会发展和国家安全中的战略性、基础性和前瞻性科技问题而投资建设的科学技术研究设施。加强农业领域国家重大科技基础设施建设,对提升我国农业科技创新能力,强化科技对现代农业的支撑与引领作用等具有战略意义。  相似文献   
9.
发展离不开基础设施建设的助推.沿海地区经济快速发展和某些区域开发的成功,一条共同的经验就是通过率先启动大规模的基础设施建设,为经济高速增长奠定坚实的基础.本文将就喀什市的基础设施骨架与城市化建设进行深入研究,重点考察喀什市的交通运输骨架现状,然后探讨喀什城市化的进程及其特征、城市化的动力机制,接着分析喀什城市化面临的主要挑战尤其是城市化进程中的生态保护问题,最后从宏观上就城乡发展一体化问题进行简要总结.  相似文献   
10.
河南省烟叶生产基础设施建设研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分析了河南省烟田生产基础设施建设现状,对比2005~2015年生产基础设施两个五年规划的变化情况,剖析了河南省烟田基础设施建设项目资金来源及结构,最后根据目前生产基础设施建设项目的总体规划、资金渠道、项目管理三个方面存在的问题提出了相应的建议及改进措施。  相似文献   
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