低风险疾病情境下农村居民健康信息规避行为研究

[目的/意义]本研究旨在揭示低风险疾病情境下农村居民健康信息规避的程度、策略、成因及其关联。[方法/过程]研究采用理论抽样方法和半结构化访谈法收集了江苏省45位农村居民的相关数据。研究采用开放式编码和主轴编码方法对访谈数据进行分析,同时采用社会网络分析软件对规避策略和成因之间的关系进行可视化展示。[结果/结论]（1）农村居民在低风险疾病情境下存在全面型和选择型两种不同程度的健康信息规避。其中,全面型健康信息规避主要发生在信息需求阶段,具体的规避策略为完全不治疗;而选择型信息规避发生在信息获取阶段,具体的规避策略为自己治疗或者拖延治疗。（2）该情境下农村居民健康信息规避的成因主要包括感知风险、对信息源的信任、健康信息素养水平、文化水平、情绪、经济水平、小世界、时间和医疗资源的可及性。（3）农民健康信息规避的成因与规避策略存在特定的关联。文化水平和医疗资源的可及性只对完全不治疗规避策略有影响;情绪因素只对拖延治疗规避策略有影响;健康信息素养水平只对自己治疗规避策略有影响。该研究可为改善农村居民的健康状况提供指导建议。     

基于转录组测序开发糜子SSR标记

【目的】 以6份不同地理来源的糜子资源为试验材料,基于前期转录组测序获得的1 000对SSR引物,选出200对进行多态性检测,以期构建一批可以准确评估糜子种质遗传差异的分子标记。【方法】 用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计引物,改良CTAB法提取DNA,PCR扩增DNA和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳筛选引物多态性;用PowerMarker 3.25和PopGen 1.32计算遗传多样性参数。【结果】 200对引物中97对呈单态性,80对呈多态性。单碱基序列重复引物有20对,10对具多态性,其重复基元是A（50%）和T（50%）。二碱基序列重复引物有36对,15对具多态性,其碱基重复类型有7种（AG最多,TC、GC和GA次之,CA、TA和AC最少）。三碱基序列重复引物有144对,55对具多态性,其碱基重复类型有24种（GGC、GCG和GCC最多,GAA、GCT和CGC等次之,ACC、AGG、CAG、CGT、AAG、AAC、TCG、CGA、ATT、CAA和CCA最少）。就引物分辨率(Rp)值而言,1—3碱基序列重复引物分别为0.67—4.67（平均2.07）、1.33—4.33（平均2.73）和0.67—4.00（平均1.83）。基于Rp值分析SSR分布频次,发现80个标记分布在5个区间：0—1、1—2、2—3、3—4和4—5,分别包含17（21.25%）、36（45.00%）、11（13.75%）、14（17.50%）和2个（2.50%）。就$\overline{\text{Rp}}$值而言,1—3碱基序列重复引物分别为0.33—0.67（平均0.51）、0.40—0.78（平均0.59）和0.33—0.83（平均0.59）。单碱基序列重复标记共检测到22个等位变异,每个位点为2—3个（平均2.2000）,其中8个和2个位点分别具2和3个变异;二碱基序列重复标记共检测到38个等位变异,每个位点为2—3个（平均2.5333）,其中7个和8个位点分别具2和3个变异;三碱基重复标记共检测到136个等位变异,每个位点为2—3个（平均2.4727）,其中29个和26个位点分别具2和3个变异。就多态性信息含量而言,1—3碱基序列重复引物分别为0.3750—0.5355（平均0.4293）、0.2392—0.7438（平均0.4293）和0.2392—0.7438（平均0.3989）。就多样性指数而言,1—3碱基序列重复分别为0.6365—1.0776（平均0.7497）、0.5623—1.0986（平均0.8339）和0.5623—1.0889（平均0.8312）。【结论】 基于转录组测序结果,检测200对SSR引物的多态性,发现177对（88.5%）可以扩增出完整条带,其中80对具多态性,多态率为40%。     

用于作物表型信息边缘计算采集的认知无线传感器网络分簇路由算法

随着无线终端数量的快速增长和多媒体图像等高带宽传输业务需求的增加，农业物联网相关领域可预见地会出现无线频谱资源紧缺问题。针对基于传统物联网的作物表型信息采集系统中存在由于节点密集部署导致数据传输过程容易出现频谱竞争、数据拥堵的现象以及固定电池的网络由于能耗不均衡引起监测周期缩减等诸多问题，本研究建立了一个认知无线传感器网络（CRSN）作物表型信息采集模型，并针对模型提出一种引入边缘计算机制的动态频谱和能耗均衡（DSEB）的事件驱动分簇路由算法。算法包括：（1）动态频谱感知分簇，采用层次聚类算法结合频谱感知获取的可用信道、节点间的距离、剩余能量和邻居节点度为相似度对被监控区域内的节点进行聚类分簇并选取簇头，构建分簇拓扑的过程对各分簇大小的均衡性引入奖励和惩罚因子，提升网络各分簇平均频谱利用率；（2）融入边缘计算的事件触发数据路由，根据构建的分簇拓扑结构，将待检测各区域变化异常表型信息触发事件以簇内汇聚和簇间中继交替迭代方式转发至汇聚节点，簇内汇聚包括直传和簇内中继，簇间中继包括主网关节点和次网关节点-主网关节点两种情况；（3）基于频谱变化和通信服务质量（QoS）的自适应重新分簇：基于主用户行为变化引起的可用信道改变，或分簇效果不佳对通信服务质量产生的干扰，触发CRSN进行自适应重新分簇。此外，本研究还提出了一种新的能耗均衡策略去能量消耗中心化（假设sink为中心），即在网关或簇头节点选取计算式中引入与节点到sink的距离成正比的权重系数。算法仿真结果表明，与采用K-medoid分簇和能量感知的事件驱动分簇(ERP)路由方案相比，在CRSN节点数为定值的前提下，基于DSEB的分簇路由算法在网络生存期与能效等方面均具有一定的改进；在主用户节点数为定值时，所提算法比其它两种算法具有更高频谱利用率。     

基于抗体筛查的美国猪群流行性腹泻病毒真流行率分布推断

养殖家畜的冠状病毒，如猪流行性腹泻病毒（porcine epidemic diarrhea virus，PEDV），其基因序列与蝙蝠体内冠状病毒基因序列高度相似，可引起猪肠道感染并导致仔猪大量死亡，对动物健康危害极大。本研究基于对美国猪群PEDV流行毒株表观流行率的数据挖掘作为先验信息，以2019年美国生猪入境中国西南陆路口岸的实验室抗体筛查为知识更新，利用贝叶斯统计推断方法，估计美国猪群PEDV发生的真流行率分布。结果显示，PEDV在美国猪群中的真流行率分布中位值（median）为0.005 22（95% CI=0.000 424~0.022 5），95%的高置信上限（upper confident limit，UCL）的流行率分布为3%。后验分布流行率高度右偏的概率密度统计特性推断美国猪群PEDV真流行率最大可能分布主要集中在2.5%百分位数（P_2.5%=0.000 2）与中位数（P_50%=0.005 22）之间，但不同生猪畜群间PEDV真流行率分布值可能会存在有小概率溢出分布大于0.03（P≤2.5%）的可能。此外，在现阶段口岸筛查的试剂选择方面，建议口岸首先使用基于N蛋白的ELISA抗体作为初筛，然后以基于S1重组蛋白ELISA抗体筛查作为复筛，来提高口岸对来自美国生猪的α-冠状病毒入境我国的风险认知、管控和鉴别能力。以先验分布和口岸实验室检测结果优化为基础的贝叶斯统计推断监测技术，可以为在现有知识和认知基础上最大程度阻断来自异域病原微生物入侵提供基于科学证据的风险决策技术支持，对口岸检验检疫、抽样监测和风险决策具有突破性的意义。     

信息化时代大学生信息素养教育实践研究——以沈阳理工大学图书馆为例

[目的/意义]信息素养是人们在现实生活中就信息应用方面的综合表现,信息素养是大学生必备的基本素质,对其未来发展具有重要意义。[方法/过程]以沈阳理工大学图书馆信息素养教育为例,从大学生教育、教师教学和科研发展等需求多样性出发,开展多元化信息素养教育实践,形成了“课程整合教学—资源系列讲座—学科化服务—营造书香校园”的多层级、系统化信息素养教育体系。[结果/结论]建立一支学科知识齐全的信息素养专职师资队伍,发挥新媒体技术优势,积极开展线上教育新模式,加强与国内外知名大学图书馆交流与协作,引领高校师生信息素养教育沿着正确道路稳步发展。     

Cotton Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Fusion Method of Markov Random Field and Quantum Particle Swarm Cluster

[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the cotton image segmentation accuracy in a picking robot image processing system. [Method] An image segmentation algorithm based on a fusion method of Markov random field and quantum particle swarm optimization clustering was proposed. The process of the proposed algorithm is as follows: first, transform the RGB (red, green, blue) images into grayscale; second, use it to segment these images; finally, the threshold of the connected area is set on the basis of the segmented image to obtain the target area. Then, the cotton front image and the cotton side image are selected from the images collected from different angles. The segmentation experiment was carried out by using this algorithm, and compared with the Otsu algorithm, the fuzzy C-means algorithm, the quantum particle swarm image segmentation algorithm and the Markov random field image segmentation algorithm. [Result] The results showed that the segmentation accuracy and peak signal to noise ratio of the proposed algorithm were 98.94% and 77.48 dB. When compared with the Otsu algorithm, fuzzy C-means algorithm, quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm and Markov random field algorithm, the average segmentation accuracy and peak signal to noise ratio of the proposed algorithm increased by 2.47%–4.56%, and 9.81–13.11 dB, respectively. [Conclusion] The proposed algorithm had higher segmentation accuracy and higher peak signal to noise ratio than the other algorithms tested.     

Long‐term habitat loss in a lightly‐disturbed population of the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin,Sousa chinensis

1. Coastal and estuarine waters are important ecosystems with high primary and secondary productivity, but they are prone to the impacts of habitat loss caused by anthropogenic activities. For species exclusively inhabiting coastal and estuarine waters, such as the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis , irreversible habitat loss can have dramatic implications for population viability.
2. A Landsat image database was used to determine the extent of coastal changes along the northern Beibu Gulf, where a large humpback dolphin population is found. The results were compared with the standardized sighting gradient (SPUF) determined from a questionnaire survey of fishermen and likely core habitats identified by application of a global digital elevation model.
3. Both SPUF and likely core habitat results indicated a continuous distribution of the humpback dolphin along the northern Beibu Gulf. Landsat images revealed that 129.6 km² of coastal waters were permanently lost in the past 40 years, 60 km² within the likely core habitats. Although this may be considered small, the impact of such habitat loss could be substantial in some local habitats.
4. The humpback dolphin population in the northern Beibu Gulf should be regarded as one management unit, with two or more social subunits. Immediate systematic surveys are needed to fill information gaps on true distribution range and habitat‐use patterns.
5. Habitat protection actions for dolphins in the northern Beibu Gulf should include both core and linking habitats, including enacting protected areas in core habitats, mitigating anthropogenic impacts in likely habitats, restoring both coastal waters and surrounding landscape quality, effective treatment of industrial sewage discharge, and comprehensive environmental impact assessments for the planning of coastal development projects.

     

莱芜水资源信息管理系统应用分析与展望

针对莱芜水资源无客水、水资源空间分布不均匀、水资源年际年内变化大以及水资源监测技术、监测方法和设备落后的现状,莱芜适时启用水资源信息管理系统,实现对水量、水位等诸多信息实时监控,为莱芜水资源的综合开发利用、优化调度提供了重要的决策依据。     

Farrerol inhibits nicotine-induced proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells by enhancing Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 expression

AIM:To study the effect of farrerol (Far) on nicotine-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and further to explore its relationship with voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv) 1.5 and Kv2.1. METHODS:Firstly, the effect of nicotine on the proliferation of PASMCs was detected by cell counting method, and the optimal concentration of nicotine was selected. Primary cultured PASMCs were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal control group, nicotine (1 μmol/L)group, nicotine (1 μmol/L) + Far (10^-6 mol/L, 10^-5 mol/L and 10^-4 mol/L) Far group. The activity of caspase-3 was measured by apoptosis kit, the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of Kv1.5 and Kv2.1, and apoptosis-related factors Bcl-2 and Bax at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot respectively. RESULTS:Nicotine at 1 μmol/L increased the number of PASMCs to the maximum extent (P<0.01). Nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly reduced the caspase-3 activity and enhanced the cell viability of the PASMCs (P<0.01). Farrerol at 10^-6~10^-4 mol/L eliminated the effect of PASMCs induced by nicotine in a concentration dependent manner. Compared with control group, nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly increased the proliferation and inhibited the apoptotic rate of rat PASMCs (P<0.01). The apoptotic rate of PASMCs in farrerol intervention group was significantly higher than that in nicotine group (P<0.01). Nicotine at 1 μmol/L significantly inhibited the expression of Kv1.5, Kv2.1 and Bax but increased the expression of Bcl-2 in PASMCs (P<0.01). Farrerol at 10^-5 mol/L obviously inhibited the effect of PASMCs induced by nicotine. CONCLUSION:Farrerol eliminates nicotine-induced inhibition of caspase-3 and Bax, and enhancement of Bcl-2 in PASMCs by enhancing Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 expression.     

佳芦河流域水土保持监测及土壤侵蚀评价

以佳芦河流域分辨率为0.38 m的航摄影像和5 m的DEM等为信息源,基于ArcGIS平台,获取了流域水土保持措施、土地利用、植被覆盖度、坡度、沟壑烈度等土壤侵蚀影响因子,依据《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》(SL 190—2007),对各因子进行叠加分析,对水蚀、风蚀区等不同侵蚀类型的土壤侵蚀强度进行了分析评价。结果表明,截至2012年9月,佳芦河流域有水土流失面积1068.89 km 2,占流域面积的94.26%,其中轻度、中度、强烈、极强烈、剧烈侵蚀面积分别为118.69、206.35、126.29、75.08、542.48 km 2;强烈及以上侵蚀面积占到水土流失面积的69.59%,其中强烈和极强烈侵蚀多发生在风蚀区,而剧烈侵蚀主要发生在水蚀区的沟道中。