Immunohistochemical analysis of pseudorabies virus spread through neurons innervating the eyeball

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was inoculated intraocularly into BALB/c mice, and the distribution pattern of cells positive for several neurotransmitters and viral antigens in the eyeball, trigeminal nerve ganglia, and superior cervical ganglia was examined immunohistochemically to clarify the neural route of the virus spread. In the eyeball, substance P (SP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive cells were detected in the ipsilateral iris and ciliary body, neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY)-positive cells were detected in the choloid membrane, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells were detected in the ipsilateral inner nuclear layer of the retina; all these cells contained viral antigens. In the superior cervical ganglia, viral antigen-positive cells containing TH or NPY were found at bilateral sites. In the trigeminal nerve ganglia, viral antigen-positive cells containing SP or CGRP were found at bilateral sites. These findings indicated that the SP- and CGRP-positive ganglion cells of the trigeminal nerve ganglia innervating the iris or ciliary body, and the NPY-positive ganglion cells of the superior cervical ganglia innervating the iris, ciliary body, and choroid membrane served as the route for the virus spread. These findings also suggested that dopaminergic neurons, such as the TH-positive retinal cells and TH-positive ganglion cells of the superior cervical ganglia, served as the route for virus spread.     

95%杀螟丹SP防治萧氏松茎象成虫的药效试验

试验结果表明：95％杀螟丹可溶性粉剂对萧氏松茎象成虫有良好的击倒作用。其1000倍稀释浓度对萧氏松茎象成虫的死亡率达100％，且药效在林间的持效时间可达10天。因此建议在生产上推广应用。     

飞船搭载对西瓜SP_2植物学性状及果实经济性状变异的影响

在飞船搭载西瓜种子(品种浙蜜2号高代自交系)SP1(航天1代)试验的基础上对SP_2(航天2代)的试验结果进行分析,研究了各SP2株系植物学性状和果实经济性状等的变异和遗传稳定性。结果表明:西瓜各SP2株系果实大小及中心可溶性固形物含量继续发生变异,尚未稳定,有91.6%的株系平均中心可溶性固形物含量高于对照,某些株系内部植株果实表面产生蜡粉、种子变大等变异,其他性状如植物学性状等与SP_1及对照相似,未发生变化。     

神经元特异性烯醇化酶在大鼠动情周期子宫中的分布

选择健康、未产、体重220-250g成年雌性SD大鼠，采用阴道涂片方法鉴定其动情周期，并采用免疫组织化学SP法研究了神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）在大鼠动情周期子宫内分布的变化规律。结果显示，子宫各层均有不同程度NSE免疫阳性产物分布，并随动情周期的变化表现出一定的规律：各期子宫内膜黏膜上皮细胞、腺上皮细胞、基质细胞、血管内皮细胞及肥大细胞等NSE免疫阳性细胞数量变化不大，但着色深浅有一定差别，动情期着色最深，动情后期、动情间期、动情前期着色依次减弱；肌层和子宫外膜中，动情期着色最深，动情后期着色最浅，动情间期表达量明显回升，动情前期比动情期着色稍浅。表明，NSE在子宫中的分布可能受性类固醇激素的调节。     

微囊化沙门菌SP4噬菌体的制备及其缓释特性分析

通过采用阳离子醚化淀粉/海藻酸钠/黄原胶/纳米TiO₂/壳寡糖为原料制备微囊化SP4噬菌体,为控制沙门菌感染提供生物制剂。选用沙门菌SP4噬菌体,采用液滴法来制备微囊化SP4噬菌体,并对其效价、阳离子醚化淀粉浓度、海藻酸钠浓度、黄原胶浓度、壳寡糖浓度、pH稳定性、热稳定性、模拟胃液稳定性、模拟肠液释放行为以及保存稳定性进行分析。结果显示,当阳离子醚化淀粉浓度为2.4%、海藻酸钠浓度为2%、黄原胶浓度为1%、壳寡糖浓度为0.6%时,微囊化SP4噬菌体微球外形规则,包封率为97.5%,在pH5.0~8.0、温度10~30℃、模拟胃液pH2.0、0~30 min和pH3.0、0~150 min噬菌体保持较高的生物学活性,模拟肠液中4 h,噬菌体完全释放,4℃环境下保存6周噬菌体效价无明显降低。综上表明,微囊化沙门菌SP4噬菌体显著提高了噬菌体的稳定性和缓释性能,其耐酸特性利于抵御胃酸的分解,具有应用于生物防治的潜力,为进一步采用多因素试验制备微囊化沙门菌SP4噬菌体奠定了基础。     

Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide,substance P, 5-hydroxytryptamine,met-enkephalin and neurotensin on the swimbladder smooth muscle of two teleost species,Gadus morhua andAnguilla anguilla

The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), neurotensin (NT) and met-enkephalin (mEnk) on the smooth muscles of the teleost swimbladder were studied in two teleost species, the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and the eel (Anguilla anguilla). The study was made on isolated strip preparations of the muscularis mucosae, using putative transmitters corresponding to the immunoreactive materials that have previously been localized by immunohistochemical methods in nerves or endocrine/paracrine cells of the teleost swimbladder and/or the gastrointestinal canal. VIP was relaxatory on both cod and eel swimbladder smooth muscle, SP and 5-HT were constrictory in both species, and mEnk was excitatory on the eel swimbladder smooth muscle. Clear effects of these agents were usually seen at a concentration ofca. 10 nM in cumulative concentration/effect experiments. NT had no effect in either species. In the eel, the effects on the pneumatic duct were generally greater than on the swimbladder proper. The study indicates that the 5-HT and peptides previously observed by immunohistochemistry have physiological functions in the swimbladder.     

苹果黄色叶螨(Eotetranychus Sp.)生物学特性的研究

苹果黄色叶螨是近年四川省三州苹果产区发生的一种害螨。该螨在雅安一年发生8～9代。以部分第8代和第9代雌成螨越冬。越冬雌成螨于次年3月上、中旬开始活动,以两性生殖及孤雌生殖繁殖后代。全年中越冬代历期长约5个多月,其余各代约1.5个月。各虫态历期因世代不同而异。各代雌螨寿命及产卵量,以越冬代及春、秋代寿命长,产卵量高。     

大鼠脊髓P物质对细胞免疫调节作用的研究

目的：观察大鼠脊髓Ｐ物质对细胞免疫水平的影响，方法：两组新生大鼠分别皮下注射辣椒素（ＣＡＰ）和Ｐ物质抗血清，成年大鼠则于脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射，用丝裂原激活的大鼠脾细胞方法测定了淋巴细胞的白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）水平。结果：大鼠皮下及脊髓蛛网膜下腔各分别注射ＣＡＰ，Ｐ物质抗血清后，ＩＬ－２的水平较对照组显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：新生大鼠（皮下）与成年大鼠（蛛网膜下腔）注射ＣＡＰ或Ｐ物质抗血清垃     

枯叶蛾平腹小蜂(Anastatus sp.)生物学特性的观察

枯叶蛾平腹小蜂是马尾松毛虫卵寄生蜂的优势种类。在林内一年可发生2—4代,室内可繁殖六代,以预蛹在寄主卵内越冬,次年四月中、下旬开始羽化。在寄主卵内发育历期为18—22天,各虫态历期为;卵2—3天,幼虫(包括预蛹)7—8天,蛹9—11天。每一寄主卵内只可发育出一头蜂。雌蜂寿命在给食时平均为47.3天。野外调查雌雄性比为1.27:1;室内繁蜂以柞蚕卵作为寄主则雌性有增高的现象。室内小群体繁蜂的平均产卵量为:越冬代36.5粒,第一代67.9粒,第二代52.3粒。以柞蚕作寄主雌蜂产卵量较高,繁蜂群体增大时,产卵量和日产卵量均有下降趋势。经测算,在卵内发育起点和有效积温分别为14.7℃和242.5日度。     

γ-干扰素受体在山羊颈前神经节的表达

旨在探索山羊颈前神经节是否具备接受γ-干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)作用的条件,是否有IFN-γ受体(interferon-γreceptor,IFNGR)的存在,进而明确神经调节与免疫调节之间的关系。分别取雌雄成年山羊颈前神经节各5对,用免疫组化SP法和PCR方法检测IFNGR在颈前神经节的表达情况。结果表明,在山羊颈前神经节的神经元、卫星细胞和神经纤维均有IFNGR免疫阳性产物分布,但主要分布于神经元胞体,IFNGR在神经元胞体的相对表达量显著高于非神经细胞结构(P0.05)。在山羊颈前神经节扩增到IFNGR1基因的cDNA片段全长376bp,与绵羊、牛、野猪、家兔、褐家鼠IFNGR1基因同源性分别为98%、97%、84%、73%、66%。在山羊颈前神经节中IFNGR主要在交感节后神经元表达与分布,具备对IFN-γ刺激做出反应的条件,提示山羊颈前神经节可能作为IFN-γ对靶器官免疫内分泌调节途径和自主神经对靶器官调节的神经途径之间相互协调的关键点。