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1.
This study identified the role of milling and parboiling on arsenic (As) content and its species in large numbers of rice samples. Total As contents were 108 ± 33 μg/kg in polished rice grains (PR), 159 ± 46 μg/kg in unpolished rice grains (UR), 145 ± 42 μg/kg in parboiled polished rice grains (PPR) and 145 ± 44 μg/kg in parboiled unpolished rice grains (PUR). The percentages of inorganic As (iAs) were 66% ± 8% in PR and from 72% to 77% in other grain categories. The polishing process reduced the As content in the rice grains, removing outer part of the UR with high amount of As, whereas the parboiling technique transferred the semimetal content within the grain. Total As and iAs contents were not significantly different in UR, PPR and PUR, homogenizing its distribution inside the grains. The results allowed to understand how different operations affect As fate and its chemical forms in grains.  相似文献   
2.
Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease particularly prevalent in West Highland White Terriers. In the present prospective pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of modified VetMousetrap? device in high resolution CT to detect idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland White Terriers. Twelve awake West Highland White Terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 24 clinically healthy West Highland White Terriers were scanned using a helical dual slice scanner utilizing VetMousetrap? device without or with minimal chemical restraint with butorphanol. Three evaluators blindly assessed the images for image quality and the presence of canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis related imaging findings such as ground glass opacity and reticular opacities. Additionally, the attenuation of the lung was quantified with ImageJ software using histogram analysis of density over the lung fields. Computed tomography was successfully completed and motion artifact ranked in statistical analysis barely noticeable to mild in all dogs. The agreement between imaging findings and clinical status was very good with overall κ value 0.91 and percentage of agreement of 94%. There was also very good intraobserver (κrange = 0.79‐0.91) and interobserver agreement (κ = 0.94). Moderate to severe ground glass opacity was present in all affected dogs. In the ImageJ analysis, a significant difference in lung attenuation between the study groups was observed. We conclude that modified VetMousetrap? device is applicable in diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers avoiding anesthetic risk in these often severely hypoxic patients.  相似文献   
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4.
Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility (MS) via magnetometer have been increasingly used with terrain variables for digital soil mapping. However, this methodology is still emerging in many countries with tropical soils. The objective of this study was to use proximal soil sensor data associated with terrain variables at varying spatial resolutions to predict soil classes using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The study was conducted on a 316-ha area featuring highly variable soil classes and complex soil-landscape relationships in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The overall accuracy and Kappa index were evaluated using soils that were classified at 118 sites, with 90 being used for modeling and 28 for validation. Digital elevation models (DEMs) were created at 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-m resolutions using contour lines from two sources. The resulting DEMs were processed to generate 12 terrain variables. Total Fe, Ti, and SiO2 contents were obtained using pXRF, with MS determined via a magnetometer. Soil class prediction was performed using the RF algorithm. The quality of the soil maps improved when using only the five most important covariates and combining proximal sensor data with terrain variables at different spatial resolutions. The finest spatial resolution did not always provide the most accurate maps. The high soil complexity in the area prevented highly accurate predictions. The most important variables influencing the soil mapping were MS, Fe, and Ti. Proximal sensor data associated with terrain information were successfully used to map Brazilian soils at variable spatial resolutions.  相似文献   
5.
基于机载高光谱端元提取分析棉花生长期光谱变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】棉花在不同生长期的波谱曲线变化具有规律性,研究其时间序列上的反射光谱变化趋势与规律并监测长势,为基于无人机多光谱、高光谱遥感的作物长势监测提供借鉴和参考。【方法】使用多旋翼无人机搭载Rikola高光谱成像仪,获取棉花从花期到后期之间的高光谱影像。使用纯净像元指数算法和最大单形体体积算法进行端元提取,并以SR-3500光谱仪采集的地面光谱曲线为标准,光谱角度为评价指标,依次从端元提取算法效果、不同航高数据对比、光谱相关性、多期光谱曲线变化趋势等分析。【结果】最大单形体体积算法在60、80、100 m航高下波谱角度结果分别为0.065 8、0.065 9、0.067 7,相较于纯净像元指数算法结果更接近地面光谱仪数据,具有较优的相关性(R2均在0.99以上),且能更好地提取小样本端元。航高对端元提取的影响较小,同种算法在不同航高下提取结果差异均在2%以下。不同生长期棉花波谱曲线变化呈规律性,吸收谷与红边值在7月中旬到达峰值。标准植被指数与比值植被指数在7月上中旬达到最大值(0.841 7、11.630 5),增强型植被指数、差值植被指数、优化土壤调节植被指数在7月中下旬达到最大值(0.818 9、0.501 3、0.501 2)。【结论】最大单形体体积算法可较好的从棉花高光谱影像中提取出棉花波谱曲线,且100 m为较优的无人机数据采集航高。棉花在7月光合作用最大,对红光的强吸收、近红外波段强反射现象最为明显。  相似文献   
6.
As plants cannot relocate, they require effective root systems for water and nutrient uptake. Root development plasticity enables plants to adapt to different environmental conditions. Research on improvements in crop root systems is limited in comparison with that in shoots as the former are difficult to image. Breeding more effective root systems is proposed as the “second green revolution”. There are several recent publications on root system architecture (RSA), but the methods used to analyze the RSA have not been standardized. Here, we introduce traditional and current root-imaging methods and discuss root structure phenotyping. Some important root structures have not been standardized as roots are easily affected by rhizosphere conditions and exhibit greater plasticity than shoots; moreover, root morphology significantly varies even in the same genotype. For these reasons, it is difficult to define the ideal root systems for breeding. In this review, we introduce several types of software to analyze roots and identify important root parameters by modeling to simplify the root system characterization. These parameters can be extracted from photographs captured in the field. This modeling approach is applicable to various legacy root data stored in old or unpublished formats. Standardization of RSA data could help estimate root ideotypes.  相似文献   
7.
香荚兰籽中挥发性成分分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用固相微萃取-气质色谱-质谱联用技术,以萃取挥发性成分种类数和萃取量Y值大小作为衡量萃取效果指标优化萃取条件,测定分析香荚兰籽中挥发性成分的组成,通过峰面积归一化法计算各挥发性成分的相对含量,并结合测定相关物质的保留指数(Retention index,RI)值进行定性分析。结果表明,利用75μm碳分子筛/聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取纤维头,样品量1.0 g,萃取温度80℃,萃取时间20 min,解析时间8 min时,萃取效果最佳,香荚兰籽中含有48种挥发性成分,相对含量为90.44%。其主要挥发性成分为香草醛、邻甲氧基苯酚、苯酚和呋喃甲醛,相对含量分别为80.22%、1.61%、1.23%和1.00%。  相似文献   
8.
【目的】利用高光谱成像技术对水稻纹枯病进行早期的快速无损识别,结合判别分析方法建立相应的鉴别模型。【方法】以健康和感染纹枯病的水稻幼苗为研究对象,采集叶片和冠层各180个样本的380~1 030 nm波段的360条高光谱图像,剔除明显噪声部分后,以440~943 nm波段作为水稻样本的光谱范围,分别用不同的方法预处理获得水稻叶片的光谱曲线。采用偏最小二乘–判别分析(PLS-DA)对不同预处理的光谱建模。采用MNF算法对冠层的原始光谱数据进行特征信息提取,并基于特征信息建立线性判别分析(LDA)模型和误差反向传播神经网络(BPNN)判别模型。【结果】标准正态变量变换(SNV)预处理后建立的PLS-DA模型的预测集判别正确率最高,为92.1%。基于特征信息的LAD和BPNN模型的判别结果优于基于全波段的PLS-DA判别模型。基于最小噪声分离变换特征信息提取的BPNN模型取得了最优效果,建模集和预测集正确率分别达99.1%和98.4%。【结论】采用高光谱成像技术对水稻纹枯病生理特征进行无损鉴别是可行的,本研究为水稻纹枯病的识别提供了一种新方法。  相似文献   
9.
不同生育时期冬小麦叶片相对含水量高光谱监测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为实现冬小麦不同生育时期叶片水分含量的快速监测,以冬小麦冠层高光谱数据和红外热成像数据为基础,计算得到5种光谱参数,通过对不同生育时期叶片相对含水量与光谱参数拟合状况进行分析和筛选,分别构建了基于光谱参数的叶片相对含水量反演模型,并对模型进行检验。结果表明,不同生育时期叶片相对含水量与比值指数(RVI)、归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)、比值/归一化植被指数(R/ND)、优化土壤调整植被指数(OSAVI)、冠气温差(TDc-a)均呈极显著相关(P<0.01);拔节期、抽穗期、开花期、灌浆前期和灌浆后期叶片相对含水量分别与NDVI、OSAVI、R/ND、TDc-a和TDc-a拟合效果较好,决定系数分别为0.842、0.884、0.831、0.864和0.945;预测模型的均方根误差分别为0.019、0.016、0.027、0.032和0.024,相对误差分别为2.16%、1.80%、3.30%、3.81%和3.53%。因此,在拔节期、抽穗期、开花期、灌浆前期和灌浆后期,可以分别利用NDVI、OSAVI、R/ND、TDc-a和TDc-a估测冬小麦叶片相对含水量。  相似文献   
10.
为探索从江香猪肌内脂肪含量的超声活体预测方法,该文选取110头从江香猪育肥猪开展活体测定,以超声图像为研究对象,利用Matlab R2015b软件提取灰度-梯度共生矩阵(gray gradient cooccurrence matrix,GGCM)及4个角度灰度共生矩阵(gray level cooccurrence matrix,GLCM)图像纹理特征参数。通过逐步回归分析法构建肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat,IMF)含量预测模型,再将此模型应用于另外42头从江香猪,验证模型准确性。逐步回归分析结果表明,背膘厚、灰度平均和梯度熵3个参数指标达到显著水平(P0.05),回归预测模型决定系数R2=0.369。线性回归及相关分析得出,估测值与实测值间RMSE为0.686,皮尔逊积矩相关系数(pearson correlation coefficients)和斯皮尔曼相关系数(spearman correlation coefficients)分别为0.592和0.640(P0.001)。该研究所构建的拟合回归模型可应用于从江香猪肌内脂肪活体预测,为后期高肌内脂肪含量从江香猪的选育提供更为便捷有效的手段。  相似文献   
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