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1.
针对轴向柱塞泵效率特性模型难以保证全工况下模型预测精度的问题,提出利用定常能量损失因子对现有的轴向柱塞泵总效率计算模型进行优化.首先,利用能量守恒定律对轴向柱塞泵的能量损失构成进行了研究,分析了轴向柱塞泵总效率计算模型误差产生的原因;其次,建立了全工况下轴向柱塞泵效率特性模型,并验证了其有效性;最后,对变排量工况下轴向柱塞泵的效率特性进行仿真分析与试验验证.研究结果表明:在变转速、变压力与变排量工况下,考虑定常能量损失因子的效率特性模型均可准确预测轴向柱塞泵的总效率,且在全工况范围内,模型的效率预测最大相对误差仅为4.8%;考虑定常能量损失因子的柱塞泵总效率模型能够完成全工况范围内轴向柱塞泵总效率的精确预测,这为柱塞泵的节能优化设计与节能控制提供了基础.  相似文献   
2.
【目的】分析黄瓜基因组中与叶酸合成代谢相关的基因数量、定位以及表达特征,对关键酶基因进行生物信息学分析与克隆,旨在为黄瓜叶酸合成调控研究奠定基础。【方法】根据已报道的拟南芥叶酸合成相关基因,利用黄瓜基因组数据库中9930_V3版本进行BLAST比对。利用MapChart绘制黄瓜染色体物理图谱并对基因定位。利用qRT-PCR分析这些基因在黄瓜果实发育不同时期和不同材料中的表达量。通过MEGA、WebLOGO、ExPASy等工具对关键酶基因进行生物信息学分析。通过PCR扩增对关键酶基因进行克隆,并测序分析基因的序列差异。【结果】同源比对获得19个黄瓜叶酸代谢相关基因,这些基因不均匀分布在黄瓜7条染色体上,且以Chr.4和Chr.5上分布最多。通过对其中11个调控叶酸合成的基因在测序黄瓜9930果实发育不同时期以及果实叶酸含量高低差异显著的2份材料的表达量分析,发现CsFPGSCsHPPK/CsDHPSCsDHNA 3个基因与果实叶酸含量变化趋势完全一致;CsADCSCsADCLCsDHNACsHPPK/CsDHFS、CsFPGS、CsDHFS等基因的表达量在2份材料中具有显著差异。通过对2个调控叶酸合成限速步骤的关键酶基因CsGCHICsADCS的蛋白序列及蛋白结构域分析,发现各物种中CsGCHI的同源基因均具有2个GTP_cyclohydroI结构域;CsADCS的同源基因均具有2个GATase结构域、1个Anth_synt_I_N结构域和1个Chorismate_bind结构域。它们在不同物种中高度保守,进化树分析亲缘关系近的物种聚类到一起。分别扩增黄瓜果实低叶酸含量自交系65G和高叶酸含量自交系02245中CsGCHICsADCS的同源基因,序列分析表明CsaV3_1G041250全长为3 012 bp,CDS序列长度为1 413 bp,3个SNP位点的突变导致了氨基酸序列的变异;CsaV3_7G026240全长为3 047 bp,CDS长度1 407 bp,序列无变异;CsaV3_5G036360全长7 941 bp,CDS序列长度为2 706 bp,序列无变异。【结论】鉴定出19个不均匀分布在7条染色体上的黄瓜叶酸代谢相关基因,基因CsFPGSCsHPPK/CsDHPSCsDHNACsADCS是影响黄瓜果实叶酸含量变化、导致叶酸含量高低显著差异的关键基因,调控叶酸合成限速步骤的关键酶基因GCHIADCS功能相对保守,CsGCHI在65G、02245中有3个SNP位点的突变导致了氨基酸序列的差异。  相似文献   
3.
运用螺旋理论和应变能方法研究了具有2R1T三自由度的2UPR-RPU过约束并联机构的静弹性刚度性能,模型考虑了杆件和关节的柔度。首先,基于螺旋理论得到分支的约束螺旋系;其次,基于材料力学得到分支中杆件的应变能,通过映射分支约束螺旋系到铰空间得到关节的应变能,通过汇总杆件、关节的应变能和卡氏定理得到与约束螺旋系对应的分支紧凑刚度矩阵;最后,通过虚功原理得到机构的总体刚度矩阵。采用有限元商业软件建立了有限元模型,并与理论模型进行对比,验证了理论模型的正确性。定义弹性元件存储的应变能与总应变能之比作为应变能因子指标,给出了应变能因子指标在规则工作空间的四维切片分布图,从应变能的角度定量评价了各弹性元件对机构刚度性能的影响程度,给出了不同载荷作用下的全局应变能因子指标。本研究为定位对机构刚度性能影响最大的弹性元件提供了新的思路。  相似文献   
4.
As plants cannot relocate, they require effective root systems for water and nutrient uptake. Root development plasticity enables plants to adapt to different environmental conditions. Research on improvements in crop root systems is limited in comparison with that in shoots as the former are difficult to image. Breeding more effective root systems is proposed as the “second green revolution”. There are several recent publications on root system architecture (RSA), but the methods used to analyze the RSA have not been standardized. Here, we introduce traditional and current root-imaging methods and discuss root structure phenotyping. Some important root structures have not been standardized as roots are easily affected by rhizosphere conditions and exhibit greater plasticity than shoots; moreover, root morphology significantly varies even in the same genotype. For these reasons, it is difficult to define the ideal root systems for breeding. In this review, we introduce several types of software to analyze roots and identify important root parameters by modeling to simplify the root system characterization. These parameters can be extracted from photographs captured in the field. This modeling approach is applicable to various legacy root data stored in old or unpublished formats. Standardization of RSA data could help estimate root ideotypes.  相似文献   
5.
龙燕燕  黄善厚 《农机化研究》2021,(2):259-262,268
为了实现拖拉机回转体复杂零部件的数控加工,提高零部件的建模和工艺设计效率,将CAD建模和UG仿真技术引入到了零部件的数控加工工艺的设计上,通过对加工过程的仿真,实现加工工序的优化设计。在利用UG软件进行数控加工仿真时,可以通过碰撞干涉检查和仿真过程的详细查看确定加工工艺的设计是否存在问题,发现是否存在过切等现象,为数控加工时刀具轨迹的修改提供依据,还可以代替零件的试切或试加工过程,对于提高拖拉机复杂零部件的设计和加工效率具有重要的意义。  相似文献   
6.
作物行识别算法的虚拟试验方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对作物行识别算法的传统开发过程对田间作物生长周期依赖性较强,错过适当的田间图像采集时期将直接导致算法开发周期延长等问题,提出一种基于虚拟场景的作物行识别算法测试方法,即在虚拟环境下模拟农田作物行场景和图像采集系统,运用虚拟作物行图像测试作物行的识别算法。该方法在虚拟现实环境下建立作物行场景模型;提出一种融合建模法,根据作物和杂草的几何特征建立对应的三维几何模型;根据实际田间作物的空间分布特征,建立株距、行距可调的田间作物行模型;以Vega Prime为视景仿真工具,通过配置投影模式、渲染模式、视点位姿和图像采集规格,构建图像采集系统,输出作物行场景图像。以苗期棉花作物行为建模对象,对一种经过田间试验验证的双目视觉作物行识别算法进行测试试验。对比实际棉田图像对应的试验结果,同一作物行识别算法的识别正确率、偏差角和图像处理时间均相近。结果表明,本文建立的虚拟棉田作物行与实际棉田作物行场景相近,能够用于作物行识别算法的测试。  相似文献   
7.
ABSTRACT

Growth Simulation, an analytical modeling technique, has been increasingly used in ecological studies and practical forestry applications where dendrochronology is not applicable. The technique uses randomly sampled diameter increments from tagged trees over a known time interval to assemble a statistical sample of lifetime growth trajectories. We carried out a validation of Growth Simulation using a temperate species in order to compare indirect model outputs with direct tree ring analysis. Rings were measured on sample disks cut from 55 pine branches ranging in age from 8–36 years. Assessments included lifetime growth rates, growth rate with respect to diameter and age, periodic annual increment (PAI), cross-referencing of rings by date, and autocorrelation of growth over successive periods. Tree ring analysis and Growth Simulation showed close correspondence for all parameters tested (maximum, median, and minimum growth rates; longevity estimates). Growth Simulation is found to be a robust and informative technique for studies of tropical tree growth, and is especially useful where analysis of tree rings is not feasible or when bootstrapping analysis of ring data is of interest.  相似文献   
8.
基于季节特征的土壤退墒模型建立与率定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用河南省南阳市2011—2015年12个墒情站的土壤水分监测资料,分析研究了无增墒情况下土壤含水量消退规律,构建出基于不同季节(夏季、春秋季与冬季)的土壤含水量与衰减系数的数学模型,运用规划求解法率定模型参数,并利用2016—2017年资料对模型进行检验。结果表明,不同季节土壤水分衰竭系数模型分别为α=1.023(1-ω~2/4353)~(1/2)(夏季)、α=1.013(1-ω~2/7005)~(1/2)(春秋季)与α=1.008(1-ω~2/9303)~(1/2)(冬季),所建立的数学模型适用于南阳市相应季节壤土与粘壤土小麦、水稻与休闲地土壤旱情预测,但不适用于夏季与春秋季砂土特别是休闲地砂土土壤墒情预测。  相似文献   
9.
Air temperature is one of the most critical climatic factors controlling rice growth, development, and production in current and future climatic scenarii predicting increasingly frequent situations of extreme and/or fluctuating temperatures. With its large spectrum of geographical origins and cropping areas, one can credit tropical japonica rice subspecies of a probable genetic diversity of its response to air temperature, which is of major interest for the breeding of better adapted rice varieties. A panel of 195 rice accessions (175 japonica plus 20 reference cultivars) was studied in controlled environment to estimate cardinal (base, optimum, and maximum) temperatures based on the monitoring of the elongation rate (LERmax) of the sixth leaf on the main stem in response to six fixed thermal treatments ranging from 16 to 35 °C. A dedicated statistical framework was elaborated for estimating LERmax, cardinal temperature and related uncertainties. Developed statistical framework enhanced the precision of cardinal temperatures estimated compared to previously reported methods, especially for base temperature. Maximum temperature was trickier to estimate and will require further studies. A significant genotypic variability for base and optimal temperature was pointed out, suggesting tropical japonica subspecies represents a relevant genetic pool to breed for rice genotypes adapted to various thermal situations. These results also suggested that using genotype-dependent cardinal temperature values should enhance the way crop growth models account for genotype?×?environment interactions hence their predictive value in current and future climatic conditions.  相似文献   
10.
Plant growth simulation models have a temperature response function driving development, with a base temperature and an optimum temperature defined. Such models function well when plant development rate shows a continuous change throughout the growing season. This approach becomes more complex as it is extended to cool‐season perennial grasses with a dormant period and bimodal growth curves. The objective of this study was to develop such a bimodal growth model for tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort) in the Midwest USA based on multiyear measurement trials. Functions for bimodal growth were incorporated into the ALMANAC model and applied to tall fescue using published tall fescue yields for a variety of sites and soils. Fields of cultivars “Kentucky 31” and “BarOptima Plus E34” were divided into paddocks and sampled weekly for dry‐matter accumulation. These biomass estimates were used to derive weekly growth values by differences between sequential weekly samplings. The measured values were compared to a single tall fescue simulation each year on one soil. Using these results, the ALMANAC model was modified and tested against mean reported tall fescue yields for 11 sites, with one to three soils per site. When we introduced midsummer dormancy into ALMANAC, we assumed dormancy began on the longest day of the year and lasted until the photoperiod was 0.68 hr shorter than the longest. ALMANAC simulated previously reported tall fescue yields well across the range of sites. Thus, ALMANAC shows great promise to simulate bimodal growth in this common cool‐season grass.  相似文献   
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