Effects of salinity on growth characteristics and osmoregulation of juvenile cobia,Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus 1766), reared in potassium‐amended inland saline groundwater

The suitability of inland saline groundwater as a medium to culture juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, was assessed. In the first experiment, juvenile cobia stocked in raw (unamended) saline groundwater at salinities of 5, 10, and 15 g/L exhibited complete mortality after 108, 176, and 195 hr, respectively. The second experiment evaluated the rearing of juvenile cobia (mean weight ~9.23 ± 0.12 g) in potassium (K⁺)‐amended saline groundwater (100% K⁺ fortified) and reconstituted seawater at salinities of 5, 10, and 15 g/L to assess growth and osmoregulation in distinct culture media. Following 60 days of culture, all fish survived the experimental period. Final mean bodyweight of cobia reared in K⁺‐amended saline groundwater (103.2–115.8 g) and seawater (111.2–113.8 g) of different salinities did not vary significantly (p > .05). No differences (p > .05) were observed in specific growth rate, weight gain (%), and feed conversion ratio between treatment groups. Serum osmolality increased with salinity and was significantly higher (p < .05) for fish in K⁺‐amended saline groundwater (353–361 mOsmol/Kg) than in reconstituted seawater (319–332 mOsmol/Kg), although differences were not observed between salinities by water type. Cobia stocked in saline groundwater of different salinities were osmoregulating normally, and the higher values observed may be because of variations in ionic composition and other interfering ions in saline groundwater. Trial results suggest that juvenile cobia can achieve optimal growth in K⁺‐amended saline groundwater of low and intermediate salinities.     

高效液相色谱法测定青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量条件探讨

本文应用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量测定进行了研究。通过对色谱柱、流动相、流速及样品处理条件进行优化，建立了一种应用HPLC法同时测定青贮饲料桑中乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量的方法。研究结果表明：乳酸、乙酸和丙酸在一定浓度下具有良好的线性关系，且相关系数R2均大于0.999，加标回收率为98.35% ~ 104.24%，标准品中回收率和精密度试验相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.01%~0.58%，表明该方法准确性较好。3种物质检出限为4.928 ~ 9.489 mg/L，适用于青贮饲料桑中有机酸的定量检测。 [关键词] 高效液相色谱（HPLC）|青贮饲料桑|乳酸|乙酸|丙酸     

基于高通量测序及分离培养初步研究美国大豆中真菌多样性

中国是全球最大的大豆进口国,进境大豆所携带的病原真菌传入我国的风险极高。基于高通量测序技术对6批美国大豆真菌多样性进行分析,同时采用分离培养获得单一菌株,依据菌落形态、显微结构及分子技术进行鉴定。高通量测序结果显示,大豆中所有真菌共计5门15纲35目63科112属155种,主要为链格孢属(Alternaria)、球腔菌科(Mycosphaerellaceae)、小戴卫霉科(Davidiellaceae)、小囊菌科(Plectosphaerellaceae)、赤霉属(Gibberella)、附球霉属(Epicoccum)、间座壳属(Diaporthe)、隐球菌属(Cryptococcus)。分离培养结果显示,得到真菌共计40株10种,分别是大豆北方茎溃疡病菌(Diaporthe phaseolorum var.caulivora)、大豆南方茎溃疡病菌(Diaporthe phaseolorum var.meridionalis)、大豆拟茎点种腐病菌(Diaporthe longicolla/Phomopsis longicolla)、大豆炭腐病菌(Macrophomina phaseolina)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、菌核菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)、附球菌(Epicoccum sp.)、交链孢菌(Alternaria sp.)、小双胞腔菌(Didymella sp.)。     

2019年度沙县优质稻品种示范试验

试验通过对野香优669、明Ⅰ优明占、田黄101等13个水稻品种进行展示示范,分析了各品种生育期、农艺性状、抗性以及产量结构,结果表明：野香优669、野香优967、明Ⅰ优明占、中浙优华香占4个参试品种综合性状表现较好,产量较高,建议在沙县推广种植。     

Potassium accumulation,partitioning, and remobilization in high-yield spring maize in Northeast China

Potassium (K) plays an important role in maize yield, but K accumulation characteristics in high yielding maize is still not well documented. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the K accumulation characteristics of high yield (HY)（>15 t ha^?1）spring maize compared with medium yield (MY)（10–15 t ha^?1), and low yield (LY)（<10 t ha^?1). The maximum K accumulation stage in maize appeared between V6 and V12 stage (LY, MY, and HY was 125.46, 138.05, and 146.22?kg ha^?1, respectively). Most of the K (94.27–97.13%) was accumulated during vegetative stages. HY exhibited a significantly higher K accumulation than either MY or LY. For different organs, the K remobilization amount of leaf was the highest, and the remobilization amount of stalk was the lowest, the K remobilization amount of leaf and stalk showed as HY?<?MY?<?LY, same as the total K remobilization amount, but the K remobilization amount of sheath and husk plus cob showed the opposite order. These results indicated that sufficient nutrient supply for maize can not only accumulate more K but also delay leaf senescence and maintain high photosynthetic activity, resulting in reduced K remobilization from vegetative organs, and reduced K loss in whole plant.     

花生硬脂酰-ACP酸脱饱和基因FAB2表达的分子机制

FAB2位于油酸合成通路的上游,编码硬脂酰-ACP脱饱和酶,调控硬脂酸(C18:0)向油酸(C18:1)转化。本研究发现高油酸品种开农176种子发育前期FAB2的表达量升高,而成熟期油酸过量积累会抑制FAB2的表达。利用开农176与开农70构建F2杂交群体,发现当植株油酸含量超过60%时会从整体水平上抑制FAB2的表达。种子发育前期,油酸不断积累会导致过氧化物酶活性升高,并且活性氧含量随之增加;但是在种子发育后期均降低,该结果与FAB2的表达量变化趋势相同。亚细胞定位结果表明, FAB2与FAD2分别定位于叶绿体与内质网。FAB2编码区序列多态性分析显示,该蛋白序列氮端的氨基酸结构缺失可能会导致硬脂酸含量升高。FAB2启动子序列存在大量AT碱基的富集区域,并且含有光响应、激素调控、转录因子结合的保守顺式元件。本研究发现过量积累的油酸会激活过氧化物酶介导的活性氧信号途径,进而通过细胞核内的未知转录因子调节上游基因FAB2的表达量,该结果不仅拓展了对FAB2的功能认知,也为培育高油酸花生品种提供了相关的理论指导。     

京津冀一次区域性暴雨特征分析

利用FNL再分析资料、卫星资料和自动站资料对2019年7月22~23日京津冀一次区域性暴雨过程进行了环流形势、卫星云图、动热力结构的分析。结果表明:此次暴雨发生在500hPa两槽一脊、副热带高压北抬、低空急流的大尺度环流背景下。西南方向的水汽输送和黄渤海的补充水汽为暴雨提供了良好的水汽条件,在河北中部的水汽辐合抬升则为暴雨提供了抬升条件。此次暴雨的产生受中尺度对流云团的连续生成合并影响,降水效率高。在暴雨中心整层表现为低层辐合、高层辐散,上升速度中心明显,使得高层的抽吸作用更强,更有利于上升运动的维持与发展,为降水强度增大提供了有力的动力条件,高空弱冷空气的入侵对能量锋区不稳定能量的释放起到了触发作用。     

番茄/茄子嫁接对其根际土壤生物学性状及细菌群落结构的影响

以茄子作为砧木，番茄为接穗进行嫁接，并以番茄自根植株和茄子自根植株作为对照，基于传统及现代高通量测序技术分析根际土壤的生物学性状及细菌群落结构特征，旨在揭示嫁接植株抗性增强的机制。结果表明：番茄/茄子嫁接植株根际土壤中可培养细菌、放线菌数量，微生物生物量、酶活性和细菌丰富度、多样性指数均显著高于茄子和番茄自根植株；另一方面，norank_c_Acidobacteria、硝化螺菌属（Nitrospira）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、norank_f_Gemmatimonadaceae、norank_o_Gaiellales、norank_f_Xanthobacteraceae、norank_o_SC-I-84、norank_f_Anaerolineaceae、norank_f_Nitrosomonadaceae、鞘脂单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）细菌是嫁接植株与茄子、番茄自根植株根际土壤中的共有优势细菌属；g_unclassified_o_Ignavibacteriales 、 醋酸杆菌属（ g_Acetobacter ）、g_norank_f_Longimicrobiaceae 、g_unclassified_f_Verrucomicrobiaceae、g_norank_p_FBP、g_norank_p_Aminicenantes 属细菌是嫁接植株根际土壤的特有优势细菌属。与自根植株相比，番茄/茄子嫁接植株根际土壤存在更高可培养微生物数量，微生物生物量和相关酶活性，具有更高的土壤养分有效性，同时拥有不同占比的共有优势细菌门属，尤其拥有更为丰富的微生物可操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units，OTU）和特有 OTU 数量，这是嫁接植株抗性增强的主要原因。     

低盐胁迫下松江鲈HSPB1、HSPB7和HSPB11基因的表达变化规律

为了探究小分子热休克蛋白基因HSPB1、HSPB7和HSPB11在松江鲈(Trachidermus fasciatus)应对低盐胁迫过程中的调节作用,本研究基于前期转录组数据,获取3个目标基因的序列信息并进行了系统进化分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了3个基因在两种低盐胁迫处理下不同时间点(0 h、12 h、24 h和48 h)在鳃、肠、肾和肝组织中的表达水平。系统进化分析结果表明, HSPB1、HSPB7和HSPB11基因分别聚类形成独立分支;在各基因分支中,松江鲈与已报道的鲈形目、鲤形目和鳉形目等鱼种共同聚为硬骨鱼类分支。在两种低盐胁迫处理下, 3个基因在鳃组织中的表达量均在12h显著升高,而在肠、肾和肝组织中的表达量则呈现不同的变化趋势。肠组织中,HSPB7和HSPB11在盐度渐变低盐胁迫(盐度变化速率1.1/h)下表达量均显著升高, HSPB1表达量在48 h显著降低;盐度骤变低盐胁迫(盐度变化速率27/h)下HSPB1和HSPB7表达量在24 h显著升高, HSPB11表达量显著降低。肾组织中,HSPB1、HSPB7和HSPB11表达量均仅在盐度渐变低盐胁迫24h显著升高;盐度骤变低盐胁迫下HSPB1表达量显著降低, HSPB7和HSPB11表达量则显著升高。肝组织中, HSPB7无表达; HSPB1表达量在盐度渐变低盐胁迫下无显著变化,但在盐度骤变低盐胁迫下则显著升高;HSPB11表达量在两种处理下均显著升高。本研究比较分析了HSPB1、HSPB7和HSPB11基因在松江鲈应对不同低盐胁迫时表达变化规律的异同,相关结果为探讨小分子热休克蛋白在鱼类应激调节过程中的作用及洄游性鱼类适应盐度变化的分子调控机制提供了理论依据。