Efficacy of a mephentermine‐based product as a vasopressor and a cardiac performance enhancer when given intramuscularly to cattle

The goal of this study was to confirm the vasopressor and cardiac effects of POTENAY^® INJETÁVEL (POT), a mephentermine‐based product, given to cattle with induced vascular/cardiac depression. Ten healthy Holstein cattle (206 ± 13 kg) followed a randomized‐complete‐block design (RCBD) utilizing crossover study design. Each animal randomly received (1 ml/25 kg, IM) of either POT (n = 10) or volume‐matched placebo control (0.9%NaCl, CP, n = 10). A subset of animals (n = 5) received POT first (day 0) while the remaining (n = 5) received CP; after a six‐day washout period, cattle received the opposite compound. Animals were anesthetized and catheterized for systemic/left ventricular hemodynamic monitoring. Myocardial dysfunction/hypotension was induced by increasing the end‐tidal isoflurane concentration until arterial blood pressure was 20% lower than at baseline and remained stable. Once the animal was determined to be hypotensive and hemodynamically stable, steady‐state hypotensive baseline data (BL2) were acquired, and treatment with either POT or CP was given. Data were acquired post‐treatment at every 15 min for 90 min. POT improved cardiac output (+68 L/min, ±14%, p < 0.05), MAP (+14 mmHg, ±4%, p < 0.05), HR (+22 bpm, ±8%, p < 0.05), and peak rates of ventricular pressure change during both systole (dP/dt_max: +37 mmHg/s ±13%, p < 0.05) and diastole (dP/dt_min: +31 mmHg/s, ±7%, p < 0.05). No improvements were noted following placebo‐control administration. Results indicate that POT improves cardiac performance and systemic hemodynamics in cattle with induced cardiovascular depression when given as single intramuscular injection.     

Effect of acute intraocular pressure elevation on blood flow velocity and resistance in the rabbit ophthalmic artery

Objective To determine the effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) on blood flow velocity and resistance in the rabbit ophthalmic artery. Animals Ten adult New Zealand White rabbits were used. Procedures Right eyes were cannulated and the IOP was raised in a stepwise manner from 20 to 70 mmHg. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) in the ophthalmic artery were measured by color Doppler imaging. Values of PSV, EDV and RI were compared at various IOPs via the analysis of variance (anova ) of a randomized block design with post hoc Bonferroni test. Results Significant differences of PSV, EDV and RI at different IOP points (all P < 0.001) were observed. Over the entire IOP range, linear regression showed a negative correlation between IOP and both PSV and EDV (β = ?0.07434, P = 0.0020 and β = ?0.07829, P < 0.001, respectively), as well as a positive correlation between the RI and IOP (β = 0.00221, P < 0.001). Moreover, line plots identified a point with IOP = 40 mmHg, splitting the IOP range with different regression slopes. Piecewise linear regression indicated no correlation between PSV, EDV, RI and IOP when the IOP was elevated from 20 to 40 mmHg (P = 0.1832, P = 0.5932 and P = 0.5819, respectively). However, piecewise linear regression detected a stronger negative correlation between PSV, EDV and IOP (β = ?0.15760, P = 0.0011 and β = ?0.11872, P = 0.001, respectively) and a stronger positive correlation between RI and IOP (β = 0.00273, P = 0.0015) during the stage from 40 to 70 mmHg. Conclusions The ophthalmic artery in the rabbits was capable of maintaining normal blood velocity and resistance when IOP was below 40 mmHg. However, the autoregulatory capacity was greatly limited when IOP was over 40 mmHg.     

Malignant pheochromocytoma presenting as a bradyarrhythmia in a dog

Objective: To describe a case of atrioventricular block and syncope secondary to systemic hypertension in a dog with malignant pheochromocytoma. Case Summary: A 13‐year‐old spayed female mixed‐breed dog presented following an acute onset of collapse. The dog was hypertensive and had paradoxical high‐grade second‐degree atrioventricular block with concurrent syncope. Initial emergent therapy included a nitroprusside infusion for the systemic hypertension and vagolytic therapy for the bradyarrhythmia. A left adrenal mass was seen on abdominal ultrasound and was further characterized by MRI. Following medical stabilization with phenoxybenzamine and propantheline, a left adrenalectomy was performed. Histological diagnosis was consistent with a malignant pheochromocytoma. Following tumor removal there has been no further hypertension, atrioventricular block or syncope. Unique information provided: This is the first documented case of a malignant pheochromocytoma presenting as syncope secondary to hypertension induced atrioventricular block.     

实验性大肠杆菌病肉鸡的血流动力学研究

研究了实验性感染大肠杆菌对肉鸡股动脉压、肺动脉压和右心室内压的影响。结果表明:大肠杆菌感染肉鸡的股动脉收缩压、舒张压、平均股动脉压在1~7 d极显著下降(P<0.01),平均下降26.25%、27.72%、27.12%;股动脉收缩和舒张压最大变化速率第1天(41.86%、57.14%)和第2天(50.00%、70.27%)极显著下降(P<0.01);肺动脉收缩压第3天(23.57%)显著升高(P<0.05);肺动脉舒张压第1~3天(14.58%、54.61%和49.66%)显著升高(P<0.05);平均肺动脉压第2、3天(36.04%、36.27%)显著升高(P<0.05);右心室收缩压下降不显著,右心室舒张压第1、2天(80%和79.22%)显著升高(P<0.05);右心室收缩压最大变化速率第1天(44.46%)显著下降(P<0.05)、第2天(54.35%)极显著下降(P<0.01);右心室舒张压最大变化速率第2天(70%)极显著下降(P<0.01)。说明大肠杆菌感染严重影响肉鸡的肺及心血管系统机能,肉鸡呈现股动脉压下降和肺动脉压升高的低血流动力学特征。     

原发性开角型青光眼患者眼血流动力学的改变及与中医证型关系的研究

目的 探讨原发性开角型青光眼患者眼血流动力学的改变及其与中医辨证分型之间的关系。方法 采用彩色超声多普勒成像（CDI）对102例原发性开角型青光眼患者眼血流动力学的改变进行了检测。结果 开角型青光眼及其中医证型（分为肝郁气滞证、痰湿犯目证、肝肾阴虚证）在眼动脉（OA）血流参数中,与正常组相比,PSV、EDV、AV差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）;在视网膜中央动脉（CRA）血流参数中,与正常组相比,PSV、EDV和AV差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）,其变异程度依次为肝郁气滞证组 > 痰湿犯目证组 > 肝肾阴虚证组。结论 原发性开角型青光眼患者OA和CRA的血流速度下降明显,血流阻力增加,眼局部血液循环障碍,OA和CRA的血流参数可作为反映开角型青光眼及其中医证型间局部血瘀程度的一项重要指标。     

苓桂术甘汤加味治疗脾阳不足、痰饮内停型后循环缺血性眩晕的临床研究

目的 探讨苓桂术甘汤加味治疗脾阳不足、痰饮内停型后循环缺血性眩晕患者的临床疗效。方法 将80例脾阳不足、痰饮内停型后循环缺血性眩晕患者采用随机数字表法分成治疗组和对照组,每组40例。治疗组患者服用苓桂术甘汤加味治疗,对照组患者给予前列地尔静滴治疗。治疗4周后,比较两组患者的眩晕症状评分、椎动脉及基底动脉血流动力学情况、血清超敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平及药物的疗效。结果 治疗4周后,两组患者的眩晕症状评分及血清hs-CRP水平均较治疗前降低（P<0.05）,且治疗组患者降低较对照组显著（P<0.05）;两组患者的收缩期末、舒张期末椎动脉及基底动脉的血流速度均较治疗前升高（P<0.05）,且治疗组患者较对照组升高显著（P<0.05）;治疗组患者的总有效率（95.0%）高于对照组（80.0%）（P<0.05）。结论 苓桂术甘汤加味治疗脾阳不足、痰饮内停型后循环缺血性眩晕患者疗效较好,可明显改善患者的眩晕症状,促进患者的康复。     

黄连解毒汤加味对脓毒症热毒炽盛证患者血流动力学和微循环灌注的影响

目的 探讨黄连解毒汤加味对脓毒症热毒炽盛证患者血流动力学及微循环灌注的影响。方法 选取符合诊断标准的患者60例,按随机数字表法将患者分为观察组30例及对照组30例,对照组患者采用传统抗感染、对症支持、稳定内环境等西医常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上加用黄连解毒汤加味治疗。观察两组患者治疗前及治疗后24 h、48 h血流动力学及微循环灌注指标的变化。结果 治疗24 h、48 h后,两组患者心率（heart rate, HR）、平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure, MAP）、中心静脉压（central venous pressure, CVP）、体循环阻力（systemic vascular resistance, SVR）、血管活性药用量（norepinephrine, NE）、血乳酸（blood lactic acid, LAC）、混合静脉血血氧饱和度（oxygen saturation of mixed venose blood, SCVO₂）、动静脉二氧化碳分压差（significance of venoarterial carbon dioxide difference, Pcv-aCO₂）均较治疗前明显改善（P<0.05）,且观察组各项指标较对照组改善明显（P<0.05）。结论 对脓毒症热毒炽盛证患者联合应用西医常规配合黄连解毒汤加味治疗,可以有效改善患者血流动力学指标及组织低灌注水平,为临床治疗提供参考。     

黄牛寒证的血液动力流变学初探

首次应用无创检测技术对１８例寒证黄牛的２３项血液动力流变学指标进行了检测：ＰＲ，ＳＶ，ＣＯ，ＳＩ，ＣＩ，ＶＰＥ，ＬＶＷＩ，ＦＥＫ和ＡＣ等心血管动力学指标均有不同程度的降低，其中ＰＲ，ＣＯ，ＣＩ和ＦＥＫ变化显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），η，ＭＨＲ，ＭＲＴ，ＭＳＴ等流变学指标变化明显（Ｐ＜０．０５—０．０１），呈现微循环瘀滞和高粘血症。     

肠阻塞驴不同舌色的血液动力流变学特征研究

应用无创伤性血液动力流变学技术对35匹健康成年驴和89匹肠阻塞驴的舌色进行了研究,同时探讨了血液动力流变学与家畜舌色之间的相关性。结果表明,随着舌色由正常→淡红→红舌→暗红的变化,心率PR、微循环半更新时间MRT、微循环平均滞流时闻MST和血液粘度η、总外周阻力TPR均逐渐升高,而每搏心输出量SV、心搏指数 SI、左心搏功指数LVWI、每分心输出量CO、左心有效泵力VPE、心脏指数CI、脉压差PP、血管弹性指数FEK、微循环半更薪率MHR逐渐下降。说明家畜的舌色与血液动力流变学之间存在着密切关系。