热处理条件对杉木颜色变化的影响

以杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata板材为试件,在170,190和210℃分别处理2,3,和4 h,对杉木板材颜色的变化规律进行研究,比较了杉木心边材颜色差异,探讨了杉木热变色的原因。结果表明：杉木心材经热处理后明度L＊和黄蓝色品值b＊均变小,随着温度的升高和时间的延长,L＊和b＊下降幅度逐渐增大,色差ΔE增大;心材明度变化率α和ΔE随热处理条件变化规律与边材分别相似,且两者有很强的相关性,但边材b＊随温度升高是先增后减。温度对杉木颜色变化影响大于时间,在210℃时,时间的影响显著。在相同处理工艺下,热处理条件对边材影响大于心材;杉木心边材存在差异性可能与心边材中木质素含量和抽提物含量有关。表4参18     

Effects on Maize Starch Properties of Heat-treatment with Water–ethanol Mixtures

Maize starch (1 part) was heated at 120 °C for 20 min in water–ethanol mixtures (5 volumes), in which the water content varied over the range 0–70%, and the product solvent-exchanged with acetone. On treatment with mixtures containing 40–60% water, the swelling power and solubility at 97 °C decreased and the differences between these values measured at 25 and 97 °C narrowed. The properties of starch treated with a mixture containing 30% water resembled those of heat–moisture treated starch. The values of ΔH and ΔS for swelling were greatly decreased by treatment in mixtures with a water content greater than 20–40% (0·39–0·63 mole fraction). Furthermore, the digestibility ratio ofalpha-amylase (endo-type) to glucoamylase (exo-type) was at a maximum after treatment with a mixture containing 30% water. These findings suggest that rearrangements between the amylose and amylopectin in starch granules are occurring after treatment with mixtures containing more than 30% water. These changes in the starch granule are enhanced when the treatment temperature is increased to 100–130 °C.     

提高中锰白口铸铁韧性的研究

为改善中锰白口铸铁的韧性以扩大其应用范围,本文探讨了C, Si, Mn等合金元素、变质处理和热处理工艺对中Mn白口铸铁组织和性能的影响.     

Indigestion in Young Calves: III. The Influence of Powders from Heat-Treated Skim Milk and Whey

Two experiments comprising 24 calves, lasting 44–46 days, have been carried out in order to examine the influence of powders from heat-treated skim milk and whey on indigestion in young calves. The frequency of diarrhoea increased much (P < 0.01) in the first experiment when feeding the heat-treated products, but little in the other. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed. Calves fed heat-treated products in the first experiment consumed 13.8 1 of electrolyte fluid per head per day 14–22 days after commencing the test, when both diarrhoea and fluid consumption reached peak values. It is postulated that some of the calves might have succumbed without electrolyte fluid.     

浸渍热处理对杨木微观结构及尺寸稳定性的影响

为扩大速生杨木板材应用范围，采用脲醛树脂浸渍改性杨木，并对浸渍材和素材进行热处理，对杨木素材、浸渍材、不同热处理温度的联合改性材及热处理材的微观结构及湿胀性、吸水性和干缩性等尺寸稳定性进行对比分析。结果表明：杨木经浸渍处理后，树脂填充于导管、木纤维、木射线、纹孔及细胞角隅，并进入细胞壁；浸渍材经热处理后，树脂分布发生变化，160℃浸渍热处理材附着于细胞壁上的树脂分布较均匀平整，随着热处理温度升高，树脂体积收缩形成规则球状细小颗粒，不再堵塞纹孔；浸渍材的干缩湿胀率均较素材提高，尺寸稳定性降低；浸渍材经热处理后产生了对杨木素材进行热处理的类似改性效果，其吸湿率显著降低，弦向湿胀率、吸水膨胀率和干缩率均降低，表明热处理能进一步改善浸渍材的尺寸稳定性，但160、180和200℃浸渍热处理材的尺寸稳定性差别不大。     

Influence of treatment temperature and duration on selected biological, mechanical, physical and optical properties of thermally modified timber

The impact of heat-treatment temperature (180, 200, 210, 220 and 240°C) and various heat-treatment durations on selected biological, mechanical, optical and physical properties of thermally modified timber (TMT) was determined. The suitability of different measures for prediction of the treatment intensity was also investigated. Resistance to impact milling (RIM), lightness L*, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and antiswelling efficiency (ASE) were correlated with corresponding fungal resistance achieved by heat treatments. The results show that the decrease in mass by heat treatments is a suitable measurand to describe the treatment intensity, which is a product of treatment temperature and duration, where the impact of temperature is dominant over the impact of time. The properties examined showed a strong reciprocally proportional relationship with the decrease in mass. Different correlations were found for the various treatment temperatures: the higher the temperature applied, the lower the decrease in mass required for an equivalent improvement in certain wood properties, e.g. biological durability, EMC and dimensional stability. However, mass loss by Poria placenta correlated well with RIM, lightness L*, EMC and ASE of the different heat-treated specimens, depending on the heat-treatment temperature. Consequently, a reliable estimation of improved fungal resistance of TMT, as well as quality control of TMT in general, requires certain process information.     

利用冷、热处理提高冷藏果实贮藏效果及其机理研究进展

对一系列冷、热处理措施,如适温贮藏、贮前热处理、间歇升温、波温贮藏、双温循环贮藏、缓慢降温贮藏、预冷处理和骤冷处理的概念,以及对冷藏果实贮藏效果及其机理进行了综述。     

热处理工艺对针叶树材耐腐性及力学性能的影响

对热处理后的樟子松、落叶松和扭叶松木材,进行室内耐腐性和力学性能检测,结果表明:随着处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长,3种木材的耐腐性明显增强;木材的弹性模量和抗弯强度均随着处理温度的升高,呈现先增后减的趋势.     

浸注药剂热处理工艺对木材物理性能的影响

先用以氯化锌、磷酸二氢铵和复合铜盐为主要成分的3种药剂浸注马尾松Pinusmassoniana木材及桉树Eucalyptus木材,然后再进行热处理的工艺方法。通过对处理前后木材的力学性能和尺寸稳定性的比较,探讨了药剂在不同温度下对木材性能的影响情况。结果表明：热处理工艺能明显提高处理材的尺寸稳定性,但也会降低木材的抗弯强度（MOR）和抗弯弹性模量（MOE）值。在同一温度下,浸注药剂后的热处理材比对照热处理材的体积湿胀率变化值（ASE）值增大了10％-45％;同时,该工艺对浸注药剂后的处理材的抗弯强度值降低较明显,而抗弯弹性模量变化则相对较小。3种药剂中,氯化锌热处理改善尺寸稳定性的作用最明显,其对抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量影响亦是最大