基于注意力机制及多尺度特征融合的番茄叶片缺素图像分类方法

针对番茄早期缺素性状不明显及各生长期特征差异较大所导致的特征区域尺寸不一致、难提取、难辩别等问题，提出了一种基于注意力机制及多尺度特征融合卷积神经网络的番茄叶片缺素图像分类方法（Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Convolutional Neural Networks Based On Atte ntion Mechanism，MSFF-AM-CNNs）。首先根据番茄叶片缺素特点提出了多尺度特征融合结构（Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Module，MSFF Module）；其次在DenseNet基础上，结合浅层网络主要提取纹理、细节特征，深层网络主要提取轮廓、形状特征的特点分别提出具有针对性的特征提取方法，通过不同形式引入注意力机制及多尺度特征融合结构，使全局多尺度信息融合多个特征通道、选择性地强调信息特征并达到对特征精准定位的功能；同时引入Focal Loss函数以减少易分类样本的权重。试验结果表明，MSFF-AM-CNNs的平均召回率、平均F1得分、平均准确率较原模型DenseNet-121均大幅提升，其中缺氮和缺钾叶片的准确率分别提高了8.06和6.14个百分点，召回率分别提高了6.31和5.00个百分点，F1得分分别提高了7.25和5.55个百分点，平均识别准确率可达95.92%，具有较高的识别准确率及广泛的适用性，能够满足番茄叶片缺素图像的高精度分类需求，可为植物叶片缺素识别提供参考。     

花前氮亏缺对水稻叶片氮代谢酶活性的影响

以籼型杂交稻中浙优1号和籼粳型杂交稻甬优12为材料,试验分析了花前不同时期氮亏缺处理对水稻叶片氮代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明,花前氮亏缺导致植株上3叶氮浓度、NR、GS、GOGAT、GOT和GPT酶活性大幅下降,GDH活性显著增长,且各叶位对花前氮亏缺敏感度总体上表现为剑叶倒2叶倒3叶;破口期亏氮对籼型杂交稻中浙优1号上3叶氮同化酶活性的影响远小于减数分裂期处理,与之相比,籼粳杂交稻甬优12对破口期亏氮胁迫仍较敏感,表明中浙优1号植株氮代谢酶的亏氮敏感性由减数分裂期至破口期逐步下降,对土壤速效氮的需求同步降低,甬优12则对土壤供氮存在更高需求。     

Agronomic traits at the seedling stage,yield, and fiber quality in two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars in response to phosphorus deficiency

ABSTRACT

Cotton is critical for phosphorus demands and very sensitive for its deficiency. However, identifying the effect of low-phosphorus tolerance on cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality by reducing phosphorus consumption. This may help to develop phosphorus-tolerant high-yielding cotton cultivars. In a two-year repeated (2015 and 2016) hydroponic experiment (using 0.01 and 1 mM KH₂PO₄), two cotton cultivars with phosphorus sensitivity (Lu 54; a low-phosphorus sensitive and Yuzaomian 9110; a low-phosphorus tolerant) were screened on the base of agronomic traits and physiological indices through correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis from 16 cotton cultivars. Low phosphorus nutrition reduced the plant height, leaf number, leaf area, phosphorus accumulation and biomass in various organs of seedlings. The deficiency negatively affected the morphogenesis of seedlings, as well as yield and fiber quality. Further, these screened cultivars were tested in a pot experiment with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 during 2016 and 2017. It was found to have a significant (P< 0.05) difference in boll number, lint yield, fiber strength, and micronaire at the harvest. Furthermore, after collectively analyzed the characteristics of Lu 54 and Yuzaomian 9110, there were six key indices that could improve the low phosphorus tolerance of cotton cultivars. These were root phosphorus accumulation, stem phosphorus accumulation percentage, leaf and total biomass of seedlings, seed cotton weight per boll and fiber length.     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.     

南方早熟砂梨缺镁黄叶症诊断与矫治

通过对福建省德化县早熟砂梨“黄叶病株”及“正常植株”叶片及土壤的营养诊断分析：黄叶病株叶片平均含镁量0.131%，极显著低于正常植株0.328%；黄叶症较重的果园土壤交换态镁含量低12.6～24.5㎎/㎏及土壤酸性强pH3.6～4.5，诊断结论砂梨叶片黄化现象为镁素缺乏所致。矫治试验效果，叶面喷施1%硝酸镁3次，可以叶色转绿；12月份土壤基施钙镁磷肥株1.3 kg，翌年5月份后有明显矫治效果。     

肺气虚证小鼠模型造模方法及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为筛选肺气虚证小鼠模型最佳造模方法并验证其免疫功能变化，分别选用SO2法、SO2＋寒冷因素刺激法、香烟烟熏法和香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法重建肺气虚证小鼠模型，检测其体重、肺脏剖检及病理组织变化等指标，筛选最佳造模方法，并测定其腹腔巨噬细胞活性、体外B细胞抗体分泌能力、血清NO含量、淋巴细胞增殖能力及细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量、肺匀浆中sIgA、sIgM水平。结果显示，香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法小鼠造模完成后出现严重的肺出血、肺组织坏死及炎性细胞浸润等病变，且与对照组小鼠相比，其体重、脾脏指数、胸腺指数分别显著下降18．35％，37．12％，19．69％，肺脏指数显著升高12．73％；小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活性（P＜0．01）、血清NO水平下降（P＜0．05）；T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力显著升高；细胞因子IL-2（P＜0．01）、IFN-γ、IL-4含量升高（P＜0．05），IL-6含量下降（P＜0．05）；sIgA、sIgM水平均极显著升高。表明，香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法是肺气虚小鼠模型最佳造模方法，且其免疫功能受损。     

Real-time PCR genotyping assay for feline erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency and mutant allele frequency in purebred cats in Japan

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide.