叶轮出口边对双蜗壳泵压力脉动的影响

泵的叶轮扫掠蜗壳隔舌时产生的压力脉动是引起船用泵振动噪声的原因之一.为尽可能弱化这一影响,分别设计了叶片出口边与前后盖板基本面垂直和倾斜的2种不同形式叶轮,将其配置在相同的双蜗壳中,通过数值计算与样机试验相结合的手段,对蜗壳内9个不同位置的压力脉动情况进行对比分析.结果表明:出口边倾斜的叶轮相比于出口边垂直的叶轮可明显改善蜗壳内次脉动的“驼峰”现象,且可以进一步降低隔舌处主波动的压力峰值;对蜗壳内2个隔舌稍前的位置,出口边倾斜的叶轮反而会使得该点的压力系数幅值明显增大,且该点主波动的周期数发生改变;2种叶轮出口边的不同形式对蜗壳出口位置的压力脉动的影响基本相同;采用出口边倾斜叶轮对改善因叶轮与隔舌间的液流压力脉动是可行的.     

Long-Term and Immediate Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Chronic Lameness in the Horse: A Pilot Study

The effects of whole body vibration (WBV) in horses with chronic lameness were evaluated in an experimental, single subject, repeated measure design. To assess the long-term effect of WBV, eight horses not previously exposed to WBV were subject to WBV, 30 minutes twice daily, five days a week, for 60 days in addition to their regular exercise routine. Lameness was assessed subjectively and objectively 30 days before the start, at the start and 30 and 60 days after the start of the treatment (WBV). The immediate effect of WBV was assessed in four horses accustomed to WBV, by comparing lameness before and within 30 minutes of a single 30-minute WBV session at four different time intervals. Change in lameness was sought using paired t tests on the kinematic data. A P-value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. Intraindividual change was sought using a subjective and objective scoring system. No statistically significant change in lameness was seen after 30 or 60 days of WBV, respectively, in the chronically lame horses not previously exposed to WBV. However, a trend toward improvement was observed after the first 30 days of WBV, but this improvement appeared to be lost during the second 30 days of WBV. Although a statistically significant worsening of front limb lameness was seen immediately after a single 30-minute WBV session in the chronically lame horses accustomed to WBV, this result was largely attributed to a very significant worsening of the front limb lameness in one horse within that group.     

基于振动的土壤挖掘阻力与耗能特性试验研究

为了研究振动频率、振动方向等参数对振动式土壤挖掘降阻特性和耗能特性的影响，设计开发了振动式土壤挖掘阻力试验台。经理论分析、计算确定了振动挖掘机构运动参数。在土壤平均相对湿度为27%、平均土壤坚实度为2.2MPa条件的室内土槽系统中，在挖掘深度150mm、前进速度0.15~1.00m/s、振动频率2~20Hz的因素条件下，利用该试验台开展了土壤振动挖掘阻力和耗能特性试验研究。结果表明，振动式土壤挖掘能够有效降低工作阻力，其降阻率先随着振动频率增大而增大，在2~20Hz频率段，前后方向振动和垂向振动振幅分别为13mm和10mm时，其最大降阻率分别可达到21%和25%。降阻率在10~14Hz后增长速度变缓，表明该区间处于土壤的自振频率区间。前后方向振动下土壤挖掘降阻率和振动速度与前进速度的比值有关，当振动速度小于前进速度时，降阻率比较小，随着振动频率增加而缓慢增大；当振动速度大于前进速度后，在对应的频率点其降阻率会迅速上升，之后增长速度逐渐变缓。由于需要额外激振能量输入，两种振动方向的强迫振动式土壤挖掘综合耗能并不减少，在振动频率低于10Hz下，耗能比范围在1~1.07，但超过10Hz后，耗能比会随着振动频率增大以较快速度增加。振幅的增大能够使土壤挖掘阻力获得一定的降低，但同时振动挖掘耗能有较大的增加。     

基于离散元的柔性作物茎秆振动响应仿真

建立考虑柔性作物茎秆振动响应特性的动力学模型，对探索谷草分离机理、分析谷物分离过程和联合收获机参数优化具有重要意义。本文提出考虑柔性作物茎秆振动响应特性的动力学仿真模型，研究了作物茎秆的动力学响应特性。首先，给出了作物柔性茎秆的动力学模型和动力仿真方法；以成熟期小麦第3节间为例，测量了茎秆的内外径、单位质量密度和弹性模量等参数；对茎秆的横向弯曲振动和纵向拉伸振动进行仿真，研究茎秆的动力学响应特性，并与理论计算结果进行比较。通过仿真获得长度108mm、外径3.7mm、内径1.9mm、弹性模量5.27GPa的小麦茎秆的横向振动频率和纵向振动频率分别为164.28、7633.59Hz，与理论计算结果的相对误差分别为0.28%和0.12%。最后，通过谷草分离仿真实验，验证了柔性作物茎秆模型的实用性。     

悬挂式山药收获机振动挖掘碎土装置设计与试验

针对山药机械化收获整体占比低、作业效率低、收获损伤率高以及人工辅助作业劳动强度大等问题,基于经验设计方法,设计了全液压悬挂式单行山药收获机。研究了山药挖掘收获中关键部件——格栅式振动挖掘铲的结构,综合运用Solid Works的Motion与Simulation插件,对振动碎土装置进行了动力学仿真分析与计算,对该部件的静力学和动力学特征进行了分析。结合山药收获的农艺要求,研究了振动挖掘部分的频率、往复摆动振幅及其相关机械结构参数,确定了最优结构参数,并对其进行了强度分析、计算和校核,最后进行了田间收获试验。试验结果表明,振动挖掘碎土装置的作业效率较高,可实现土壤与山药黏连部分的快速、高效分离,机械收获完好率达到89. 2%,基本满足农户高效收获与低损率的要求。     

脱涡致振式压电风力发电机性能分析与试验

为满足农业遥感监测系统的供电需求，减少化学电池对水和土壤的污染，提出一种脱涡致振式压电风力发电机，并从理论和试验两方面进行了研究。建立了脱涡致振式压电风力发电机的理论模型，通过仿真分析研究迎风角、压电振子长度及风速对压电振子变形量的影响，并对发电机样机进行了测试试验。结果表明，不同风速下均存在两个最佳迎风角，使发电机输出电压较大，压电振子长度为60、78mm，风速为7.6、11.6、12.4m/s时的两个最佳迎风角分别为(35°,135°)、(45°,125°)、(50°,120°)和(35°,120°)、(40°,115°)、(45°,110°)。当迎风角为120°时，存在最佳风速，使发电机输出电压达到最大；随着压电振子长度的增加，最佳风速由12.4m/s降低到8.4m/s，其对应的最大输出电压由16.6V增加为16.8V。当外接电阻为150kΩ、迎风角为30°时，试验测得最大输出功率为1mW。研究表明，根据实际风速确定合理的迎风角及压电振子长度可提高发电机的发电能力。     

梁弯曲振动边界元法仿真研究初探

简要分析了有限元法和边界元法在梁类零件振动仿真分析中的优点和缺点．梁是常用的机械结构件,在工程机械中的应用非常广泛．应用边界元法对矩形梁弯曲振动进行了仿真分析,当梁的弹性常数不变而横截面的高宽比改变时．其固有振动频率会相应地改变,为通过改变结构参数来改善梁结构的动力学性能进行理论探索．     

Application of modal analysis by transfer function to nondestructive testing of wood II: modulus of elasticity evaluation of sections of differing quality in a wooden beam by the curvature of the flexural vibration wave

 The shape of the flexural vibration wave of wooden beams at the first mode was detected using the transfer function. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) of beam sections of differing quality was estimated from the ratio of the curvature of the wave shape in this section to that of a clear beam. The results were as follows: (1) If a section with a lower dynamic MOE was introduced into a clear wooden beam, the curvature of the wave shape in that section became higher. (2) The ratio of the MOE and the reciprocal of the curvature ratio were highly correlated. (3) The MOE of a defect could be estimated, and the position of the defect could be determined accurately by examining the curvature of the flexural vibration wave shapes. Received: March 22, 2002 / Accepted: May 15, 2002 Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000. This article is translated from the Japanese version, which was published in Mokuzai Gakkaishi 47(5), 2001 Correspondence to:Y. Ishimaru     

Initial shapes of stress-strain curve of wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses and the piezoelectric behavior

This study investigated the relationship between the initial shape of the stress (σ)-strain (ε) curve of a Chamaecyparis obtusa wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses at various angles between the fiber direction and load direction and the piezoelectric behavior. The main findings of the study are: (1) the σ-ε curve became convex initially, and then the stress was proportional to the strain. The σ-ε curve had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading. (2) The σ-piezoelectric voltage (P) curve was nonlinear, with a maximal point or cusp on the curve, which had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading, as was also observed for the σ-ε curve. (3) The plot of the first derivative of the stress [dσ/dε (= σ′)] against ε was nonlinear. The σ′-ε and P-ε curves at various angles were fairly similar. (4) The stress at the maximal point (or cusp) of the σ-P curve decreased with an increase in the angle between the fiber direction and load direction. The tendency of the stresses was very similar to that of Young’s modulus and compression strength calculated from Hook’s law and Hankinson’s law, respectively.     

基于虚拟样机技术的双横臂独立前悬架振动仿真分析及参数优化

根据振动力学以及多刚体系统动力学原理，分析了悬架系统的振动模型，同时对双横臂独立前悬架做了合理的简化，建立了双横臂独立式前悬架力学及虚拟样机模型，并在虚拟样机软件ADAMS/VIEW模块上进行仿真，在此基础上对前悬架的各个参数进行优化设计，使得悬架振动达到一个最优值。