Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

设施条件下添加有机肥对土壤中土霉素消减作用

在设施条件下,通过在含有不同浓度(43.62、1638.78和10936.38μg/kg)土霉素的土壤中添加不同比例(5%、10%)有机肥,研究有机肥对土霉素消减的影响及其影响因素,并运用准一级动力学模型对土霉素消减动态的拟合。结果表明,在低污染处理组和高污染处理组28 d后土霉素消减进入平稳期,低污染处理组添加5%和10%有机肥后,消减率提高了17.71%和16.03%,半衰期缩短了9.02和9.50 d;高污染处理组添加5%和10%有机肥后,消减率提高了19.83%和17.93%,半衰期缩短了12.28和13.38 d。主成分分析对土壤理化性质与土霉素消减动态的分析结果表明土壤有机质、总氮及p H值与添加有机肥的比例呈较高的正相关性,土霉素的消减率与有机肥添加比例成一定的正相关性。与对照土壤比较,添加有机肥可促进土壤中土霉素的消减,并随土霉素初始浓度的增大作用更为明显,但有机肥添加比例对土霉素消减的促进作用没有显著差异。     

《通信学报》2002～2005年引文统计分析

以《通信学报》为调查对象,对2002-2005年所刊载的论文,运用引文分析法对其引文数量、文献类型、语种结构、自引分析、引文期刊及年代分布等项目进行了统计分析,并做出了相应的评价。     

pH对氟磺胺草醚水解的影响

采用试验分析方法研究了氟磺胺草醚在不同pH缓冲溶液中的水解作用。结果表明,随着溶液pH值的增大,氟磺胺草醚的水解反应逐渐减慢,速率常数K减小,半衰期相应地增大。氟磺胺草醚在pH为5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0的缓冲液中的水解半衰期分别为105.74、157.41、183.26、215.16、247.40 d。     

吡唑醚菌酯在水环境中的光解及微囊化对其光稳定性的影响

以紫外灯为光源,研究了吡唑醚菌酯在水环境中光化学降解及微囊化对其光稳定性的影响。结果表明:在紫外光下,吡唑醚菌酯在0.80~10.00 mg·L^-1浓度范围内的光解符合一级动力学方程,光解速率与初始浓度呈负相关;吡唑醚菌酯在不同水溶液中的光解速率由大到小依次为去离子水、自来水、池塘水、饮用纯净水和河水;在H₂O₂ 0.03~7.94 mmol·L^-1内,光解速率随着H₂O₂浓度的增大而增大,在7.94 mmol·L^-1时是吡唑醚菌酯单独光解的1.14倍。20%吡唑醚菌酯微囊悬浮剂在2.00、4.00、10.00 mg·L^-1浓度下,紫外光照射132 h的光解率低于57.90%,表明微囊化明显降低了吡唑醚菌酯在水中的光降解速率。研究结果将为吡唑醚菌酯的合理使用和评估其在水体中的安全风险提供依据。     

手性差异对水产养殖沉积物环境中农药氰戊菊酯降解的影响

为研究养殖池塘底泥环境中农药氰戊菊酯（fenvalerate,简称FV）及其异构体（分别用FV1、FV2表示反式异构体,FV3和FV4表示顺式异构体）的消除动态规律,本研究通过室内模拟培育的方式观察底泥样本中FV及其手性异构体在浓度水平和异构体差异上的消除变化规律。研究发现,FV在底泥环境中的降解过程符合一级降解动力学方程。不同暴露浓度条件下,FV及其手性异构体的降解半衰期均无显著性差异,FV在环境中的半衰期范围是19.47~38.73天。不同手性异构体在底泥环境中的半衰期存在差异,FV1的降解半衰期显著高于其他异构体,FV3显著高于FV2和FV4。FV在底泥环境中存在α-C位置异构的转化现象,当转化进行3周后,转化速率变慢,转化产物变化开始不断减少。研究认为,FV在底泥中的蓄积周期较长,应尽量避免FV在底泥环境中的直接残留和暴露。此外,为安全进行渔业生产和有效进行环境生态风险评价,在底泥FV残留的检测或去除研究中应区分其不同的手性异构体。     

褶牡蛎对重金属的生物富集动力学特性研究

应用实验生态方法研究了褶牡蛎对8种常见的重金属生物富集动力学特性,得出了褶牡蛎对重金属的生物富集系数、生物半衰期以及生物富集曲线。结果表明,到积累实验结束时褶牡蛎对Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni和Hg的生物富集系数分别是15．60、26．53、60．06、7．61、5．82和47．88,褶牡蛎对Cu和As的富集规律不明显,生物富集曲线分别为yPI7=0．4046e^0.1168xR^2=0．7378,yZn=0．0408x^2＋0．2909x＋59．969 R^2=0．9307,yGl=2．5263e^0.0867x R^2=0．7089,YCr=0．6832e^0.0942x R^2=0．8544,yNi=0．4178e^0.0714x R^2=0．6856和yHg=0．0015x^2＋0．0444x＋0：0644 R^2=0．8301,以积累实验结束时的生物富集系数为基准,褶牡蛎对这几种重金属的富集能力为Cd〉Hg〉Zn〉Pb〉Cr〉Ni;到释放实验结束时褶牡蛎对Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和Hg的生物半衰期分别是23．1、13031．7、67,7、32．9和36．1d,褶牡蛎是Zn、Cd和Hg的强的净积累者,以释放实验结束时的生物半衰期为基准,褶牛十蛎对这几种重金属的排毒释放顺序为Pb〉Cr〉Hg〉Cd〉Zn。     

致谢审稿专家

Two agricultural soils were collected from Dahu and Pinchen counties and swine manure compost (SMC) from Pingtung County in Taiwan, China to investigate the sorption and dissipation of three tetracyclines (TCs), i.e., oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC), in compost, soils and soil/compost mixtures with different organic carbon (OC) contents. There were seven treatments in total. TCs were most strongly adsorbed to SMC in all treatments due to the high OC content. When SMC was present in the soils, the sorption of TCs was significantly enhanced, which might be attributed to the increased OC content and CEC. The adsorption of TCs showed non-linear adsorption isotherms and fitted well to the Freundlich model. After 49 d of incubation at 25 oC in soils and soil/compost mixtures in the dark, TCs elapsed in all substrates, with the time required for 50% degradation (DT50) between 20 and 41 d, and the time for 90% degradation (DT90) between 68 and 137 d. Soil amended with compost enhanced the stability of TCs and reduced their mobility. The dissipation of TCs in a soil environment was slow, indicating that these compounds might be persistent in soil.     

Suitability of tef varieties in mixed wheat flour bread matrices: A physico-chemical and nutritional approach

Wheat flour replacement from 0 to 40% by single tef flours from three Ethiopian varieties DZ-01-99 (brown grain tef), DZ-Cr-37 (white grain tef) and DZ-Cr-387 (Quncho, white grain tef) yielded a technologically viable ciabatta type composite bread with acceptable sensory properties and enhanced nutritional value, as compared to 100% refined wheat flour. Incorporation of tef flour from 30% to 40% imparted discreet negative effects in terms of decreased loaf volume and crumb resilience, and increase of crumb hardness in brown tef blended breads. Increment of crumb hardness on aging was in general much lower in tef blended breads compared to wheat bread counterparts, revealing slower firming kinetics, especially for brown tef blended breads. Blended breads with 40% white tef exhibited similar extent and variable rate of retrogradation kinetics along storage, while brown tef-blended breads retrograded slower but in higher extent than control wheat flour breads. Breads that contains 40% tef grain flour were found to contain five folds (DZ-01-99, DZ-Cr-387) to 10 folds (DZ-Cr-37) Fe, three folds Mn, twice Cu, Zn and Mg, and 1.5 times Ca, K, and P contents as compared to the contents found in 100% refined wheat grain flour breads. In addition, suitable dietary trends for lower rapidly digestible starch and starch digestion rate index were met from tef grain flour fortified breads.