Management of Bemisia tabaci biotype B with botanical and mineral oils

While the toxic effects of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, on Bemisia tabaci Genn. are well documented, few studies have evaluated other oils. We compared neem, sesame, citrus, castor, vegetable and mineral oils (1% v/v) to a chemical standard thiamethoxam (0.17 g A.I./L) against B. tabaci biotype B life stages on dry bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris L. under screenhouse conditions. Oils and thiamethoxam exhibited low ovicidal activity (<10% egg mortality). However, significant mortality occurred due to the residual activity to 1st instars that emerged from treated eggs. Overall, impacts of egg treatments were greatest for thiamethoxam (77% total mortality for eggs and 1st instars) compared with oils which were statistically similar (22–29% mortality). Larvicidal effect of oils (against 2nd instars) was greater than ovicidal effects. Highest nymphal mortality (>81%) was achieved with castor, sesame, citrus and neem oils, which was significantly greater than for thiamethoxam (65% mortality). Adult whiteflies were exposed to fresh and aged spray residues, rather than being sprayed directly. In this case, comparatively lower efficacy was achieved from oil treatments compared with thiamethoxam. While some mortality was observed from fresh residues of slow drying oils (up to 41% for castor oil), no significant control from any oil residues >3 days old was observed in our tests. The different route of exposure against adults likely reduced the effectiveness of oil treatments which act directly on the cuticle. In trials with viruliferous adult whiteflies exposed to fresh residues, none of the tested products completely prevented transmission of bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV). However, we noted reduced virus severity ratings from plants pre-treated with castor and citrus oil. We conclude that castor, sesame, citrus and neem oils have the potential to be used in whitefly management programs.     

Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels with Different Protein‐to‐Energy Ratios on Growth,Feed Utilization,and Plasma Biochemical Parameters of Dianchi Golden‐line Barbell,Sinocyclocheilus grahami

An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying dietary protein and lipid levels with different protein‐to‐energy (P/E) ratios on growth, feed utilization, and plasma biochemical parameters of Sinocyclocheilus graham. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (35, 40, and 45%), and each with three lipid levels (4, 8, and 12%), to produce a range of P/E ratios from 71.31 to 98.64 mg protein/kcal. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 fish. Fish grew best when fed the diet containing 45% protein and 12% lipid. However, fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 8% lipid had similar weight gain and specific growth rate as those fed the above diet but showed relatively better feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein and energy retentions. Additionally, plasma total amino acids and blood urea nitrogen contents and γ‐glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities in fish fed the diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid were relatively low among the dietary treatments. These results may indicate that a diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid with P/E ratio of 84.05 mg protein/kcal would be suitable for the optimal growth, feed utilization, and health of S. graham.     

Effect of dietary vitamin B6 supplementation on growth and intestinal microflora of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

In order to investigate the dietary vitamin B₆ (VB₆) requirement for juvenile golden pompano, an experiment of six different diets with six dietary VB₆ levels (0, 3.75, 7.47, 10.6, 13.7 and 18.5 mg/kg) was conducted. The results indicated that the content of dietary VB₆ significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; p < 0.05). Golden pompano fed diet containing 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ achieved the maximum ALT, AST, GPx, hepatic VB₆ concentrations as well as the minimum MDA, however, the ALT, AST, GPx and hepatic VB₆ concentrations decreased while MDA increased with a further increase in dieatry VB₆. The highest values of GR and POD occurred at the 10.6 and 13.7 mg/kg dietary VB₆ (p < 0.05) respectively. A diet supplemented with 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ increased intestinal Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, Chymotrypsin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine kinase and amylase activities (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes decreased while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes improved with an increase in dietary VB₆ levels up to 7.47 mg/kg. Quadratic regression analysis on WGR, hepatic VB₆ concentrations, AST and ALT indicated that the optimum dietary VB₆ levels for juvenile golden pompano were 8.84–9.28 mg/kg.     

Genetics of resistance to bean golden mosaic virus in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Summary The genetics of resistance to bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) was studied in an 8×8 complete diallel cross of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. The 28F₁ hybrids, their reciprocals, and eight parents were artificially inoculated with BGMV under glasshouse conditions. Data were recorded and analyzed for foliar yellowing, plant dwarfing, flower abortion, and pod formation, using a randomized complete block design with two replications.General combining ability (GCA) mean squares were highly significant (P<0.01) and larger than values for specific combining ability for all traits. Reciprocal and maternal effects were nonsignificant. Cultivars Royal Red and Alubia Cerrillos possessed significant negative and positive GCA for all traits, respectively. Porrillo Sintetico also had negative GCA for all traits except plant dwarfing. None of the GCA effects were significant for Great Northern 31 and PVA 1111. Positive associations existed among all traits studied.     

早期妊娠猕猴孕激素水平的检测

利用全自动化学发光免疫分析仪检测正常未妊娠的与不同孕期猕猴血清中雌二醇及孕酮的分泌水平。结果表明孕5d、10d、25d、30d血清孕酮比正常猕猴的分泌水平有非常明显的上升（P〈0.01）,孕15d也有显著的上升（P〈0.05）;孕15d、20d的雌二醇分泌水平比正常组有非常显著升高（P〈0.01）,而孕5d、10d、2...     

纳税申报电子信息采集系统设计

电子报税是我国税制改革的一个重要组成部分,根据电子报税的具体要求确定了系统的功能模块、开发及运行平台和网络拓扑结构,并按照系统工程原则,用现代软件技术设计了纳税申报电子信息采集系统。     

纳税申报电子信息采集系统设计

电子报税是我国税制改革的一个重要组成部分,根据电子报税的具体要求确定了系统的功能模块、开发及运行平台和网络拓扑结构,并按照系统工程原则,用现代软件技术设计了纳税申报电子信息采集系统。     

Effect of levels and sources of nitrogen on concentration and uptake of nitrogen by a high yielding variety and a hybrid of rice

Field experiments were made on a sandy clay loam soil at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of levels and sources of nitrogen on concentration and uptake of nitrogen by a high yielding variety Pusa 834 and a hybrid PRH3 of rice. Nitrogen concentration in hybrid PRH 3 remained lower than in Pusa 834, but N uptake was significantly more in the hybrid PRH 3. Nitrogen fertilization increased N concentration as well as N uptake by rice. At 30 days after transplanting (DAT) N uptake was more in Pusa 834, but at 60 DAT and at harvest hybrid PRH 3 recorded significantly more N uptake than Pusa 834. Use of neem oil blended urea (PNGU) and neem coated urea (NCU) increased N concentration and uptake by rice in both Pusa 834 and hybrid PRH 3. Use of neem coated/blended urea is recommended for rice.     

Infection of human enterovirus 71 in immunosuppressed rhesus monkeys

AIM: To investigate the infection process of human enterovirus 71 (EV71) in a rhesus monkey model of immunosuppression.METHODS: The monkey immunosuppression model was established by oral administration of cyclosporin A at a daily dose of 15 mg/kg for 7 days. Fourteen days after inoculation of EV71 FY23 strain via respiratory and digestive tracts, the infectious monkeys were sacrificed, and then the pathological changes of systemic organs were observed and the viral analysis in different tissues was performed.RESULTS: Compared with the experimental group without cyclosporin A, more positive results were observed in the immunosuppressed monkeys, such as more severe clinical symptoms, higher viral load/antigen expression and more pathological changes in the organs.CONCLUSION: The findings of the viral multiplication in the host provide evidence for evaluation of EV71 vaccine, and also indicate the delimitation for the population using EV71 vaccine in future.     

A natural infection by the red sea bream iridovirus‐type Megalocytivirus in the golden mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri

An outbreak of a Megalocytivirus infection was found in the golden mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri during September and October 2016, in Korea. Phylogeny and genetic diversity based on the major capsid protein (MCP) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) genes showed a new strain. Designated as GMIV, this strain derived from the golden mandarin fish was suggested to belong to the red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV)‐subgroup I. Additionally, this train clustered with the ehime‐1 strain from red sea bream Pagrus major in Japan and was distinguished from circulating isolates (RSIV‐type subgroup II and turbot reddish body iridovirus [TRBIV] type) in Korea. The infection level, evaluated by qPCR, ranged from 8.18 × 10² to 7.95 × 10⁶ copies/mg of tissue individually, suggesting that the infected fish were in the disease‐transmitting stage. The diseased fish showed degenerative changes associated with cytomegaly in the spleen as general sign of Megalocytivirus infection. The results confirm that the RSIV‐type Megalocytivirus might have crossed the environmental and species barriers to cause widespread infection in freshwater fish.