两品种芜菁中芥子油苷含量的比较分析

采用HPLC方法测定“红圆”芜菁(HY)和“白玉”芜菁(BY)肉质根和叶片中芥子油苷(GS)成分和含量.结果表明:不同品种芜菁以及同一品种不同部位中芥子油苷(简称GS)含量差别较大.在“红圆”芜菁肉质根中检测出11种GS,在其叶片中检测出9种GS;“红圆”根中主要为苯乙基GS和2-羟基-3-丁烯基GS,分别占总硫苷的37.2％和20.9％,根中总GS含量是叶中的2.1倍.在“白玉”芜菁肉质根中检测出9种GS,主要GS种类为3-丁烯基GS和苯乙基GS,分别占总GS的65.6％和23.4％；在“白玉”芜菁叶片中含8种GS,不合有苯乙基GS,“白玉”叶中GS总量是根中含量的1.2倍.     

不同类型花椰菜硫代葡萄糖苷组分与含量分析

采用HPLC法测定了3种类型15个花椰菜品种的硫代葡萄糖苷(Glucosinolates,简称硫苷)组分及含量。结果表明:供试花椰菜品种均含有9种硫苷,包括5种脂肪族硫苷:3-甲基硫氧烯丙基硫苷(Glucoiberin,IBE)、2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷(Progoitrin,PRO)、2-丙烯基硫苷(Sinigrin,SIN)、4-甲基硫氧丁基硫苷(Glucoraphanin,RAA)和3-丁烯基硫苷(Gluconapin,NAP);4种吲哚族硫苷:4-羟基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin,4OH)、3-甲基吲哚基硫苷(Glucobrassicin,GBC)、4-甲氧基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(4-Methoxyglucobrassicin,4ME)和1-甲氧基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(Neoglucobrassicin,NEO)。各品种的吲哚族硫苷总含量均高于脂肪族硫苷总含量,其中NEO和GBC是花椰菜的主要硫苷组分,分别占总硫苷含量的42.61%和35.02%。不同花椰菜品种的硫苷总含量差异较大,变异范围在0.3323~4.8728μmol·g-1(FW)之间;紫花菜的总硫苷含量最高,松花菜其次,紧花菜最低。     

Glucosinolate content in interspecific crosses of Brassica carinata with B. juncea and B. napus

Brassica carinata A. Braun is a highly productive oilseed crop in the Ethiopian highlands, but the seed has a high 2-propenyl glucosinolate content, which is undesirable. The objective of this study was to introgress, through interspecific crosses, genes for low 2-propenyl glucosinolate content from the B genome of B. juncea and C genome of B. napus into the B. carinata B and C genomes and thus develop low glucosinolate B. carinata. The cross [(B. carinata×B. juncea) ×B. carinata] yielded plants that contained only ～ 20 μmoles of 2-propenyl glucosinolate, which was an 85% reduction compared with levels in B. carinata seed. Plants of the [(B. carinata×B. napus) ×B. carinata] cross had normal high concentrations of 2-propenyl glucosinolate. Backcross plants of both interspecific crosses also contained 3-butenyl and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolates. The results of these crosses suggested that genes for glucosinolate synthesis were located on B genome chromosomes of B. carinata because B. napus C genome introgressions did not result in reductions of total glucosinolate contents. The total alkenyl glucosinolate content of one F₃ family of the B. juncea backcross was similar to that of the B. juncea parent. It was concluded that through further selection in this family, B. carinata plants could be identified that would be basically free of 2-propenyl glucosinolate, and have a low total alkenyl glucosinolate content.     

Quality assessment of rapeseed accessions by means of near-infrared spectroscopy on combine harvesters

Optimization of data collection processes in plant breeding programmes is of the highest importance for plant breeders. In rapeseed-breeding, data collection and selection must be carried out in a very restricted period of time because of the short time span between harvesting and sowing. Near-infrared spectroscopy on combine harvesters (NOCH) improves the data collection processes in breeding programmes of grain crops such as maize, and it may also improve the data collection processes in breeding programmes of rapeseed. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of NOCH for the determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), oil and glucosinolate (GSL) contents in rapeseed. A plot combine harvester equipped with a near-infrared diode-array spectrometer was used. Reference values for DM content were determined by the oven method. Reference values for the quality traits were established by laboratory near-infrared spectroscopy. NOCH showed a high potential for the determination of DM, CP, oil, and GSL contents. Use of NOCH in breeding may increase the efficiency of data collection processes and might dramatically accelerate the development of rapeseed cultivars.     

Potential impact of weedy Brassicaceae species on oil and meal quality of oilseed rape (canola) in Australia

Brassicaceae weeds are a widespread problem in Australian oilseed rape crops. The weeds not only compete for resources during crop growth, but also have the potential to reduce both oil and meal quality of the harvested crop. This study investigated oil and meal quality of weedy species from the Brassicaceae family that were collected throughout cropping regions of Australia. Eighty‐nine lines from 19 species were grown and evaluated in the same environment for their potential to contaminate Australian oilseed rape seed lots. Seed and flowering characteristics of each species were also examined. The glucosinolate concentration of most of the weedy species was greater than 100 μmol g^?1 of oil‐free meal, well above the threshold for meeting oilseed rape quality. Erucic acid content of 18 of the 19 weedy species also exceeded the oilseed rape quality standard of less than 2% erucic acid. This study highlights the potential of the weedy species to reduce the quality of Australian oilseed rape crops.     

不同浓度吲哚乙酸对小白菜硫代葡萄糖苷的影响

以不同浓度(0,2 mg·L-1,5 mg·L-1,10 mg·L-1,20 mg·L-1)吲哚乙酸(IAA)对小白菜进行处理,分析其对小白菜生长和硫代葡萄糖苷(硫苷)含量的影响。结果表明,随着IAA处理浓度的提高,显著增加了小白菜地上部的鲜重,但增幅有所降低。与对照相比,IAA处理浓度为5~20 mg·L-1时,显著诱导了总脂肪族硫苷、总吲哚族硫苷和总硫苷含量的提高,而IAA处理均显著提高了芳香族2-苯乙基硫苷的含量。对单个硫苷来说,在IAA处理浓度为5~20 mg·L-1时,5-甲基亚磺酰戊基硫苷和3-丁烯基硫苷含量得到显著提高;而4-戊烯基硫苷、吲哚-3-甲基硫苷和4-甲氧基吲哚-3-甲基硫苷在外源IAA处理下,呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其中4-戊烯基硫苷在较低IAA处理浓度下(2 mg·L-1)即显著高于对照;另外,1-甲氧基吲哚-3-甲基硫苷随着IAA处理浓度的增加呈现递增趋势。此外,随IAA处理浓度的增加,总脂肪族硫苷相对百分含量有增加的趋势,但总吲哚族硫苷相对百分含量呈递减趋势,而芳香族硫苷呈现先增加后降低的趋势。可见,对于7种硫苷来说,不同IAA处理浓度下有不同的响应,具有一定的浓度效应。     

“双低”油菜品种对比试验初报

【目的】为充分利用一季中稻区的农田资源,并筛选出适合柳州市中稻区特别是中稻蓄留再生稻区推广种植的高产、优质油菜新品种。【方法】以花油3号为对照品种,对引进的11个油菜品种进行田间种植观察。分小区种植,随机区组排列,3次重复,观察测定农艺性状、菌核病发病率、抗倒性和产量等性状。【结果】参试油菜品种的成熟期均较对照迟,全生育期也均较长。除美国油王999成熟期长势不一致外,其余品种苗期、抽薹期、成熟期一致性均较好。川油18号、中双8号和美国油王999抗倒性强,其余品种抗倒性较弱或中等。川油18号和川审油41号千粒重较高,分别为4．06和3．87g。产量较高的品种有川油18号、国审豫油5号、绵油杂11号、川审油41号等。【结论】川油18号、绵油杂11号、川审油41号、国审豫油5号、中油杂8号等5个参试品种综合表现较好,可作为柳州市中稻区冬季种植油菜推广或备选品种。