胶霉毒素菌渣的抗菌活性及其应用的研究

旨在研究胶霉毒素菌渣对5种土传病菌的抑制性,寻找到一种胶霉菌素菌渣的综合利用方法。以辣椒炭疽病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、油菜菌核病菌和棉花枯萎病菌为供试菌,采用菌丝生长速率法,对胶霉毒素菌渣的抑菌活性进行了研究,并比较了10%菌渣、10%豆粕、无豆粕和菌渣的培养基对木霉孢子和胶霉毒素含量的影响。以木霉干重孢子数为指标,确定了菌渣最佳添加量。胶霉毒素菌渣对5种土传病菌具有一定的抑菌效果,浓度为40 mg/mL时,对4种土传病菌菌丝的生长的抑制率为100%。胶霉毒素菌渣添加量为30%时,木霉的发酵效果最佳,其干重孢子数达到22亿/g。综上所述,胶霉毒素菌渣具有良好的抑制土传病菌生长的效果,且可作为氮源循环利用培养木霉。     

Epipolythiodiketopiperazines from the Marine Derived Fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii with NF-κB Inhibitory Potential

The Ascomycota Dichotomomyces cejpii was isolated from the marine sponge Callyspongia cf. C. flammea. A new gliotoxin derivative, 6-acetylmonodethiogliotoxin (1) was obtained from fungal extracts. Compounds 2 and 3, methylthio-gliotoxin derivatives were formerly only known as semi-synthetic compounds and are here described as natural products. Additionally the polyketide heveadride (4) was isolated. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 dose-dependently down-regulated TNFα-induced NF-κB activity in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells with IC_50s of 38.5 ± 1.2 µM, 65.7 ± 2.0 µM and 82.7 ± 11.3 µM, respectively. The molecular mechanism was studied with the most potent compound 1 and results indicate downstream inhibitory effects targeting binding of NF-κB to DNA. Compound 1 thus demonstrates potential of epimonothiodiketopiperazine-derived compounds for the development of NF-κB inhibitors.     

BBD-响应面法优化绿色木霉产胶霉菌素培养条件

旨在优化绿色木霉产胶霉菌素培养条件。实验取绿色木霉产胶霉菌素培养条件中的5个重要影响因子,设计5因素3水平的响应面分析实验,数据用Design-Expert 8.0分析得出预测模型,验证模型的可靠性后,得出绿色木霉产胶霉菌素最佳的培养条件为:培养温度29.42℃、培养基初始pH 6.35、接种量5.44%、培养时间54.5 h、菌龄44.5 h,且在最佳培养条件下胶霉菌素效价较优化前提高了15.08%。     

绿木霉(Trichoderma virens)T23甲基转移酶基因gliN-T对胶毒素合成的调控研究

为探明绿木霉(Trichoderma virens)胶毒素合成的分子调控机制,本研究以绿木霉菌T23为研究对象,对农杆菌介导的遗传转化技术(Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation,ATMT)进行改良,并利用改良的ATMT技术对绿木霉菌T23胶毒素合成候选基因簇中的甲基转移酶基因gliN-T进行基因敲除,通过薄层色谱法及高效液相色谱法分析基因敲除突变体培养液中的胶毒素含量变化情况,明确gliN-T对胶毒素合成的调控作用。结果表明:在绿木霉菌T23分生孢子液中添加终浓度为15mg/mL的细胞壁裂解酶(Glucanex),30℃处理2～3h后用于农杆菌介导的遗传转化,每106个孢子转化子数从0.25个提高10个;利用改良的ATMT技术,成功获得基因敲除突变体ΔgliN-T。胶毒素检测结果发现:在野生型T23的24h培养液中未产生胶毒素,而在48、72、96h的培养液中均检测到胶毒素;在相同的条件下,ΔgliN-T在4个生长时期均无法产生胶毒素,表明gliN-T的缺失抑制了绿木霉菌T23胶毒素的合成,说明该基因在胶毒素合成途径中扮演着重要角色。     

Gliotoxin Isolated from Marine Fungus Aspergillus sp. Induces Apoptosis of Human Cervical Cancer and Chondrosarcoma Cells

Gliotoxin, a secondary metabolite produced by marine fungus Aspergillus sp., possesses various biological activities including anticancer activity. However, the mechanism underlying gliotoxin-induced cytotoxicity on human cervical cancer (Hela) and human chondrosarcoma (SW1353) cells remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the effect of gliotoxin induction on apoptosis, the activating expressions of caspase family enzymes in the cells. Apoptotic cell levels were measured through DAPI and Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) double staining analysis. The apoptotic protein expression of Bcl-2 and caspase family was detected by Western blot in Hela and SW1353 cells. Our results showed that gliotoxin treatment inhibited cell proliferation and induced significant morphological changes. Gliotoxin induced apoptosis was further confirmed by DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential. Gliotoxin-induced activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax and cytochromec (cyt c) release showed evidence for the gliotoxin activity on apoptosis. These findings suggest that gliotoxin isolated from marine fungus Aspergillus sp. induced apoptosis in Hela and SW1353 cells via the mitochondrial pathway followed by downstream events leading to apoptotic mode of cell death.     

Gliotoxin Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells

The discovery of new bioactive compounds from marine natural sources is very important in pharmacological research. Here we developed a Wnt responsive luciferase reporter assay to screen small molecule inhibitors of cancer associated constitutive Wnt signaling pathway. We identified that gliotoxin (GTX) and some of its analogues, the secondary metabolites from marine fungus Neosartorya pseufofischeri, acted as inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, we found that GTX downregulated the β-catenin levels in colorectal cancer cells with inactivating mutations of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or activating mutations of β-catenin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GTX induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in multiple colorectal cancer cell lines with mutations of the Wnt signaling pathway. Together, we illustrated a practical approach to identify small-molecule inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway and our study indicated that GTX has therapeutic potential for the prevention or treatment of Wnt dependent cancers and other Wnt related diseases.