基于Hertz接触理论的黑水虻幼虫碰撞恢复系数测定

为建立黑水虻幼虫与收集、输送、分离等机械工作部件间发生碰撞时的碰撞模型，基于黑水虻幼虫生物特性，应用Hertz弹性碰撞理论推导了黑水虻幼虫碰撞过程动力学方程，结合运动学方程原理构建了黑水虻幼虫恢复系数的测定装置并进行了黑水虻幼虫恢复系数测定试验。试验针对第5龄期的黑水虻幼虫，采用L16(44×23)混合正交试验方案研究了碰撞材料、材料厚度、下落高度、碰撞角、跌落方向、含水率等因素对黑水虻幼虫恢复系数的影响，然后对碰撞材料、材料厚度、下落高度、碰撞角、跌落方向进行单因素试验，并获得了材料厚度、下落高度、碰撞角对恢复系数的影响规律与回归方程，且方程的决定系数均不小于0.9427。试验结果表明，影响黑水虻幼虫恢复系数的因素影响由大到小为：碰撞材料、下落高度、碰撞角、跌落方向、碰撞材料厚度、含水率，其中含水率对恢复系数影响不显著。单因素试验结果可得：黑水虻幼虫与Q235钢、铝合金、有机玻璃、橡胶等碰撞材料间的恢复系数依次降低，随下落高度的增大而逐渐减小，随材料厚度的增加而逐渐增大，恢复系数随碰撞角的增大而整体呈增大趋势，且横向跌落方向大于纵向跌落方向。该文研究结果可为黑水虻幼虫收集、输送、分离等机械相关工作部件优化设计提供参考依据。     

激光脉冲在橘子表皮打标的效果研究

为满足水果追溯条码清晰、耐久的要求,选取橘子为试验对象,对比纳秒激光和皮秒激光在其表面打印二维码的效果。试验结果表明:与纳秒激光相比,皮秒激光在橘子表皮上打印的线条平直度佳,轮廓清晰,对表皮的损伤更小。     

筇竹种子发芽条件及筇竹笋矿质元素分析

筇竹为珍稀笋材两用混生竹,具有较高的经济价值。本研究对筇竹种子进行不同温度和光照条件的萌发实验,并培育实生苗发笋后,利用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了3个不同出土高度(2 cm,5 cm,8 cm)的筇竹笋中8种矿质元素的含量。实验结果显示,最适宜筇竹种子萌发的条件是20℃,12 h光照/12 h黑暗,但25℃和暗处理更能促进胚根伸长。不同生长时期的筇竹笋钾含量丰富(6521.13~7405.24 mg·kg-1),其次是钠(625.56~814.83 mg·kg-1),铜含量最低(6.86~9.62 mg·kg-1)。筇竹笋的钾、钠含量随高度的增高逐渐下降,而钙、铁、铜、锰含量逐渐升高,锌含量变化呈中峰优势,镁含量基本保持不变。研究为筇竹种子萌发及笋品质提升提供了参考。     

马铃薯枯萎病和干腐病药剂防治筛选试验报告

马铃薯产业是宁夏“1+4”特色优势产业,是西吉县所有农作物中种植面积最大、涉及农户最多、比较效益最高的农民脱贫致富的主导产业。近年来西吉县马铃薯产业由商品薯种植大县向种薯繁育大县的转变,推动了农业增效,农民增收的快速发展。但各类土传性病害的发生影响了马铃薯产业的发展,同时磋商了农民种植的积极性。为了测定筛选出对马铃薯枯萎病和干腐病防治效果好、成本较低药剂,为大田防治提供科学依据。     

极小种群植物“川柿”生物学特性及种子萌发方法研究

摘 要：【目的】为了保护和发展极小种群植物川柿，开展此研究。【方法】采用观测法，连续3年对其生物学特性研究；种子萌发方法：（1）后熟0、30、45、60天，剥离清洗播种；（2）后熟60天，以GA300、600、1000 mg/L溶液浸种1h；播种基质为河沙（保持一定湿度），放置室内，统计萌发时间和出苗率。【结果】（1）川柿花期4-5月，10月为果熟期，单果直径32.7±5.80mm，单果重23.0±5.30g；种子肾形、千粒重1070g；成年植株呈隔年开花、结果现象；（2）种子经“后熟+河沙播种”，可萌发，其中以后熟60天的出苗率较高，为65%；直接播种种子，出苗率5%；“后熟+GA溶液浸种+河沙播种”，出苗率均高于65%，其中以GA600mg/L浸泡1h处理，出苗率最高为83.3%。【结论】极小种群植物川柿为常绿叶乔木，有隔年开花、结果现象； “果后熟60天+GA600mg/L浸泡种子1h +室内河沙播种”可提高种子萌发率，为川柿种子繁殖提供参考。     

基于多重表型的高粱耐盐性综合评价方法

高粱耐盐性因种质、发育时期及生长条件的不同而存在明显差异,因此建立一套全面、客观、准确的高粱耐盐性鉴定方法,对于高粱耐盐种质的筛选和评价具有重要意义。选择64份高粱材料通过室内萌发期耐盐性评定,从中选择36份不同等级材料进行田间苗期耐盐性鉴定,并从中选出13份材料进行室内苗期耐盐性复筛。通过隶属函数值法、主成分分析法、聚类分析法对田间和室内苗期测定的株高、茎粗等形态指标以及超氧化物歧化酶、脯氨酸、丙二醛等生理生化指标的评价,最终确定耐盐材料2份,盐敏感材料2份。建立了一套基于多重表型的耐盐性综合评价方法,即针对高粱不同生育时期(萌发期、苗期)、不同生长条件(田间与室内)采用不同形态指标与生理生化检测指标,并结合多种数据分析方法对不同高粱材料耐盐性进行准确、系统地评价。该方法的建立对于高粱种质资源的耐盐性评价以及高粱耐盐育种具有一定的参考价值。     

新疆‘晚丰’巴旦木花粉萌发培养基组分的筛选

为提高人工授粉中巴旦木的产量,本研究采用花粉离体培养法,筛选新疆‘晚丰’巴旦木品种花粉萌发中不同培养基组分的配方施用量,研究不同培养基配方组分对花粉萌发的影响。实验中在培养基内添加尿素、硼酸、氯化钙、吲哚乙酸、赤霉素和蔗糖,均能促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长,在一定范围内,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均随培养基配方组份量的增加而增加,但超过一定添加量时,促进作用逐渐减弱并出现抑制作用。研究结果显示:添加0.1%尿素、0.01%硼酸、0.005%氯化钙、0.0001%吲哚乙酸、0.0015%赤霉素和10%蔗糖时,新疆‘晚丰’巴旦木品种花粉萌发率最高,花粉管长度也达到最大值。本研究结果为实践生产中人工授粉和相关研究提供参考和理论依据,也为进一步顺利进行亲和授粉研究提供前期理论基础。     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Correlation Research of the Serological Test (HI) and Challenge Test of Duck Tembusu Virus Inactivated Vaccine

【Objective】The objective of this paper was to evaluate the correlation of the serological test (HI) and challenge test of duck Tembusu virus inactivated vaccine.【Method】Three batches of vaccines ( laboratory trial products) were used to immunize the 51-day-old young ducks and 260-day-old laying ducks by intramuscular injection in 0.15, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mL, respectively. Secondary immunization was proceeded in the same doses and route at 14 day after primary immunization. Ducks were regrouped according to the HI titer and challenged with 0.5 mL (100 DID₅₀) DTMUV at day 28 after secondary immunization. Serum samples were collected at 2 days later for virus isolation and laying ducks were dissected at 8 days later to observe the ovarian lesions. All the results were counted to evaluate the immune potency of vaccines. The correlation of HI titer and immune protection rate was analyzed.【Result】The protection rate of immunized young ducks with HI titer of 1:5 or lower, 1:10, 1:20, 1:40, 1:80, 1:160, 1:320, 1:640 was 50% (20/40), 43.8% (7/16), 74.3% (26/35), 86.7% (26/30), 96.6% (57/59), 92.7% (51/55), 95% (38/40) and 100% (11/11), respectively. The protection rate was 48.2% with HI titer lower than 1:20, while the rate was 74.3% with HI titer of 1:20 and 93.8% with HI titer of 1:40 or greater. In laying ducks, the protection rate of flocks with HI titer of 1:5 or lower, 1:20, 1:40 and 1:80 was 66.7% (12/18), 83.3% (10/12), 95.2% (20/21) and 100% (15/15), respectively. The protected proportion of ducks with HI titer of 1:10, 1:160, 1:320 and 1:640 was 2/3, 7/7, 1/1 and 2/2, respectively. The protection rate was 66.7% with HI titer of 1:10 or below, while the rate was 83.3% with HI titer of 1:20 and 97.8% with HI titer of 1:40 or greater. There were significant positive correlations between the HI titer and the immune protection rate both in young ducks and laying ducks. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.905 (P<0.01) and 0.932 (P<0.01), respectively. 【Conclusion】There were positive correlations between the HI titer and the immune protection rate of duck Tembusu virus inactivated vaccine (strain HB). The HI detection could be used to evaluate the efficacy of duck Tembusu virus inactivated vaccine (strain HB) instead of challenge test. The HI titer of 1:20 could be defined as the criteria of protection for the duck Tembusu virus inactivated vaccine after immunization.