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1.
为进一步提高自动采棉机各部件加工与装配精度,实现采棉机作业效率与作业寿命的提升,以自动采棉机的组成结构及作业原理为基础,针对表面几何特性与数控加工技术进行分析。依据自动采摘机实际作业过程中出现的摘锭磨损等故障,给出自动采棉机零部件的数控加工工序模型,运用UG软件三维建模同时进行层次化的加工工艺流程设计及走刀算法优化。以自动采棉机核心部件数控加工系统结构为基准,给定准确的数控代码与加工控制信息,经余量优化误差补偿完成一次加工设计,在特定的虚拟加工环境下进行数控加工仿真试验,结果表明:融入了多规则加工技术核心算法,该型采棉机核心部件的加工误差整体得到降低,且平均提升效果达81.76%,其中锥面长度的加工误差提升效果最好,可达84.42%。该试验分析可为自动采棉机的整机发展提供一定优化思路,具有很好的推广意义。  相似文献   
2.
In the present study, the hypothesis that the difference in axenic conditions in the incubation and rearing environment of European seabass larvae induces size and shape effects on the specimens is tested. This difference is studied between xenic and axenic seabass larvae of DAH (day after hatching) 0, 5, 11 and 15. The axenic rearing protocol involves an egg disinfection with glutaraldehyde after the primary one with iodine in the hatchery, and the hypothesis that this secondary disinfection induces size and shape effects is also tested. In order to accomplish this, three egg and larvae treatments are included: “DA” (disinfected axenic), “DX” (disinfected xenic) and “NX” (nondisinfected xenic). Regarding the effect of antibiotic‐induced axenity, DA larvae exhibited larger bodies than both DX and NX on DAH 5 and 11. They also had a smaller yolk sac than DX at hatching, but consumed it slower. Towards the end of the experiment, DA larvae were thicker, but slightly more curved than DX and NX, which may be an abnormal shape, or a slightly more advanced ontogenetic stage. As far as egg disinfection, it had significant but very moderate shape effects on DAH 5 and 11, and disinfected larvae consumed their yolk sac faster. To the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the first to illustrate the subtle but significant size and shape effects caused by antibiotic‐induced axenity and secondary egg disinfection in the early larval stages, which suggest the existence of bacterial mechanisms that play a phenotypic role.  相似文献   
3.
In coral mariculture, growth is one of the most common ways to track success. However, numerous methods of monitoring coral growth make comparative studies challenging. A literature review of 39 studies from 1982 to 2017 indicated that the most predominant non‐invasive methods used were linear and areal measurement and these were evaluated for their accuracy using nursery‐reared corals. The monthly change in linear and areal growth rates of six coral species (= 215), Pocillopora acuta, Hydnophora rigida, Merulina ampliata, Podabacia crustacea, Echinopora lamellosa and Platygyra sinensis were measured via photogrammetry. We tested whether the planar area of coral colonies can be estimated using three geometric formulas of linear measurements. Based on the literature review, the six types of measurement methods were namely linear, volume, weight, area, count of polyps/branches and calcification, in decreasing order of application. Our results showed that the change in area calculated by geometric mean diameter (GMD) formulas provided the most accurate estimation among the three formulas and was strongly correlated with planar area (R2 ≥ .60; p < .05) for all coral species, except E. lamellosa and Pl. sinensis. However, our findings suggest that it is not ideal to use geometric formulas to estimate the change in area. Instead, we posit that areal photogrammetry represents the simplest yet accurate non‐invasive method for rapid monitoring of extensive areas of corals in situ. Lastly, we discuss the recommendations and limitations for areal photogrammetry.  相似文献   
4.
基于几何模型的绿萝叶片外部表型参数三维估测   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为快速高效获取叶类植物叶片的外部表型参数、掌握植株生长状况,以绿萝叶片为研究对象,提出一种基于几何模型的叶长、叶宽与叶面积的三维估测方法。利用微软Kinect V2相机,自80cm高度垂直位姿获取绿萝叶片局部点云,并进行直通滤波去噪与包围盒精简等预处理,测量得到点云外形参数,输入预先建立的SAE网络分类预测得到几何模型参数,并基于曲面参数方程建立叶片几何模型。采用粒子群优化算法计算几何模型离散点云和局部点云间的空间距离,进行空间匹配,利用遗传算法求解最优匹配模型的内部模型参数,输出最优匹配模型的叶长、叶宽与叶面积作为估测结果。实验共采集150片绿萝叶片的局部点云数据,将估测结果和真实值进行数学统计与线性回归分析,得出叶长、叶宽与叶面积估测的平均误差分别为0.46cm、0.41cm和3.42cm2,叶长估测R2和RMSE分别为0.88和0.52cm,叶宽R2和RMSE分别为0.88和0.52cm,叶面积R2和RMSE分别为0.95和3.60cm2。实验表明,该方法对于绿萝叶片外形参数的估测效果较好,具有较高实用价值。  相似文献   
5.
Environmental variation can shape phenotypic variation in organisms, but most evidence for trait differentiation comes from analyses of dichotomous habitat types that differ in only one or few key environmental factors. In reality, environmental variation is often more subtle, gradual and multifarious. Here, we investigated geographic variation in body shape of two darter species (Etheostoma spectabile and Etheostoma flabellare; Percidae) that occur along river gradients. This study addressed three specific questions: Is there intraspecific geographic variation in the two species across different sites in the Ozark Highlands of Oklahoma (USA)? Is phenotypic variation across sites correlated with abiotic environmental conditions? Do the two species share site‐specific (i.e. convergent) phenotypic variation in areas where they occur together? Our results indicated significant body shape variation in both species. Population differences in body shape were particularly correlated with variation in substrate composition. The combined analysis of both species indicated a small but significant effect of convergence on body shape wherever they are sympatric; shared variation, however, was not related to any environmental variables included in the analysis. While it remains unclear whether phenotypic variation in these species is due to heritable differentiation or environmentally induced plasticity, our results indicate that even subtle and gradual environmental variation can induce substantial variation in phenotypes on a relatively small spatial scale.  相似文献   
6.
Soil particle size distribution (PSD) is a fundamental physical property affecting other soil properties. Characterizing spatial variability of soil texture is very important in environmental research. The objectives of this work were: 1) to partition PSD of 75 soil samples, collected from a flat field in the University of Guilan, Iran, into two scaling domains using a piecewise fractal model to evaluate the relationships between fractal dimensions of scaling domains and soil clay, silt, and sand fractions and 2) to assess the potential of fractal parameters as an index used in a geostatistical approach reflecting the spatial variability of soil texture. Features of PSD of soil samples were studied using fractal geometry, and geostatistical techniques were used to characterize the spatial variability of fractal and soil textural parameters. There were two scaling domains for the PSD of soil samples. The fractal dimensions of these two scaling domains (D1 and D2) were then used to characterize different ranges of soil particle sizes and their relationships to the soil textural parameters. There was a positive correlation between D1 and clay content (R2 = 0.924), a negative correlation between D1 and silt content (R2 = 0.801), and a negative correlation between D2 and sand content (R2 = 0.913). The geometric mean diameter of soil particles had a negative correlation with D1 (R2 = 0.569) and D2 (R2 = 0.682). Semivariograms of fractal dimensions and soil textural parameters were calculated and the maps of spatial variation of D1 and D2 and soil PSD parameters were provided using ordinary kriging. The results showed that there were also spatial correlations between D1 and D2 and particle size fractions. According to the semivariogram models and validation parameters, the fractal parameters had powerful spatial structure and could better describe the spatial variability of soil texture.  相似文献   
7.
以杉木生长发育的观测数据为依据,提出了基于杉木形态结构特征的交互式几何建模方法,模拟了杉木不同生长发育时期的几何模型.试验证明,这种基于形态结构特征的几何建模技术对模拟和表现杉木取得了良好的效果.  相似文献   
8.
基于关联数据融合的地表移动传感器节点   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
开发了具有多个相关联传感器的地表移动传感器节点;提出一种基于专家系统进行关联数据处理的几何方格面积数据融合方法,即主要采用软硬件结合的方式,利用专家系统预设的节点环境阈值与传感器实际感测的数据相结合进行关联数据处理,将数据关系转化为几何方格面积,从而实现分类分层次的数据融合.结果表明:该方法能够对多个不同类型传感器提供的相同特征数据、互补特征数据、并行特征数据、条件关联数据进行融合;与传统传感器节点相比,地表移动传感器节点感测信息的准确率更高,能量消耗更低.  相似文献   
9.
In Tunisia both Psammomys obesus and P. vexillaris are found. These taxa have been the subject of taxonomic controversy for some time, due to variability in the classical morphological characters used for taxonomic recognition. In this study we investigated skull size and shape variation in the genus Psammomys by using geometric morphometrics to evaluate the extent of intra- and interspecific shape variation and explicitly tested for the impact of allometric shape variation on species discrimination. Eleven populations of the two species from 10 localities in Tunisia were studied. Statistical analyses of size and shape showed large size variation within P. obesus, but no shape differences were revealed among populations of this species. Interspecific analysis revealed that P. vexillaris had the smallest skull. Principal component analysis and Procrustes distances showed good discrimination between the two species after removal of the allometric component of shape variation. The results obtained show that allometric-related shape variation could mask discrimination between the two Psammomys species. This finding might explain the uncertainty in classification of these species in the past. The interspecific allometric-free phenotypic differences observed may be associated with adaptive processes linked to the different environmental and trophic preferences of the two species.  相似文献   
10.
以探明不同土地利用方式对土壤团聚体的影响为目的,为提高山地丘陵区空心村整治还田土壤稳定性及生产性能提供科学依据。在陕西澄县山地丘陵区空心村整治还田后,设置5种不同的土地利用方式,开展为期1年的种植试验,分别为玉米(C处理)、小麦(W处理)、蔬菜(V处理)、药材(M处理)及对照(未种:CK处理)。测定分析干筛法和湿筛法0—40cm土层土壤团聚体分布、平均质量直径(WMD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、团聚体破坏率(PAD)、不稳定团粒数(ELT)和分形维数(D)。结果表明:(1)各处理在0—40cm各土层土壤团聚体数量及大小均显著优于CK处理,各处理干筛下0—40cm土层0.25mm团聚体含量(DR0.25)和湿筛下该含量(WR0.25)随着土壤土层深度的增加呈现相反的趋势;(2)干筛法和湿筛法0—40cm土层各处理土壤平均重量直径(MWD)平均值和几何平均直径(GMD)平均值大小顺序均呈现W处理C处理M处理V处理CK处理,C处理有助于增加表层土壤大团聚体含量,W处理则有助于增加下层土壤大团聚体含量;(3)湿筛法分析表明,各处理土壤团聚体破坏率(PAD)和不稳定团粒指数(ELT)在0—40cm土层内均表现出近似"Z"字形趋势,各处理显著低于CK;(4)各处理的分形维数(D)在0—40cm土层平均值大小顺序为C处理W处理M处理V处理CK处理。土壤分形维数(D)与干筛法和湿筛法下0—40cm土层0.25mm团聚体含量之间存在良好的线性关系,分别为R2=0.74和R2=0.67。空心村整治还田后种植玉米和小麦有利于提高0—40cm土层大团聚体含量,增加土层稳定性,改善土壤结构。  相似文献   
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