马尾松基因库无性系花期观察分析

在福建省沙县官庄林场石景山工区进行马尾松基因库无性系开花习性、花量、花期的观察。观察结果表明：不同无性系着生球花量的差异显著，始花期也有明显的差异，但也存在一定的同步性，大部分无性系雌花开放时间比雄花早４─９天。     

牛Myostatin基因单核苷酸多态性分析

Myostatin基因即肌肉生长抑制素,是一种肌肉生长的负调控因子。应运PCR-SSCP和测序的方法对中国秦川牛、南阳牛以及国外引入品种皮埃蒙特牛双肌基因的第三外显子进行了多态性分析。结果表明:第三外显子938处G→A的单核苷酸的突变造成了南阳牛、皮埃蒙特牛第三外显子扩增片段多态性,秦川牛则不然。     

真核表达载体构建表达ＰＲＶ闽Ａ株gE基因表位抗原编码区片段的重组质粒

根据伪狂犬病病毒闽Ａ株gE基因表位抗原编码区的序列与身份种真核表达载体pPICZaA、pAcGP67A序列与特性分别设计了两对ＰＣＲ引物。通过ＰＣＲ方法扩增到了两端具有不同酶切位点的gE基因表位抗原编码片段。将这２个片段分别克隆到pPICZaA与pAcGP67A载体，转化大肠杆菌ＴＯＰ１０菌档及ＸＬ１－Ｂlue菌株，获得了含伪狂犬病病毒闽Ａ株gE基因表位抗原编码区的重组质粒pICZaA-FS与pAcGP67A-FS。序测定结果显示两个重组质粒中插入片段的大小与方向均正确。     

奶牛冷冻胚胎规模化移植效果研究

为了提高奶牛良种化程度,对奶牛冷冻胚胎的规模化移植效果进行了研究。结果表明:PG二次肌注法的发情率显著高于(P<0.05)PG一次肌注法,两种方法的发情同期率均超过85%,受体牛发情时间多集中在肌注PG后48～72h;胚胎解冻后的复苏率达到82.58%,且早期囊胚与囊胚的复苏率要高于桑椹胚(P>0.05);共移植受体牛218头,受胎97头,受胎率为44.5%,且春、秋季的移植效果差异不显著(P>0.05)。为奶牛冻胚的规模化移植研究提供了参考依据。     

Influence of the Indoleacetic Acid-Lysine Synthetase Gene (iaaL) of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi on Yield Attributes of Potatoes

The iaaL gene of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi encodes an indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase which conjugates free indoleacetic acid (IAA) with lysine. lAA-lys is biologically less active than free IAA. The iaaL coding region was expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and transgenic potato plants were produced (Spena et al. 1991). 35S iaaL potato plants are characterized by increased internodal length and epinastic bending of older leaves. In three greenhouse experiments with plants grown in pots of different size and in two growth chamber experiments tuber number increased in iaaL transgenic plants compared to untransformed and vector-transformed controls of the same genotype. The increase in tuber numbers observed under controlled conditions was reflected in tuber yield which increased in the pot grown transgenics.     

表达序列标签（ESTs）及其应用

表达序列标签(ESTs)是指从(ESTcDNA文库中随机挑取克隆并对其3’或5’端进行单轮自动测序所获得的短cDNA库列，一般长度为300～500bp。要有效获取ESTs，必须对cDNA文库进行预处理，处理方法有衰减杂交法、均一化法和差异显示法。在dbEST中收录了大量各种生物的ESTs。ESTs广泛应用于鉴定基因、发现新基因、电子克隆、构建遗传学图谱、制备DNA芯片、分子标记、研究基因的差异表达及检验病原微生物等方面。     

Genetic Engineering Approaches to Pig Production*

Modern biotechnology promises a number of new applications in animal breeding and production. Although conventional pig breeding has achieved a high level of efficiency and productivity numerous problems have been encountered with animal health and the loss of meat quality. Selection based on phenotypic performance data of individual animals does not take into account the importance of specific genes and their relevance within a complex regulatory system. In most cases it is therefore difficult to trace back the genetic origins of clinically important disorders. The application of genetic engineering techniques in pig production will facilitate diagnosis, improvement of productivity, and animal health by allowing direct genetic manipulation. Attention must be focussed on the physical and genetic analysis of the procine genome. The isolation and characterisation of genes, DNA-markers, polymorphic DNA-fragments, and their chromosomal assignment will be important prerequisites and tools for the elucidation of genetic disorders. Especially the detection of heterozygous carriers of recessive disorders and their elimination from the breeding stock will increase selection accuracy and decrease the generation intervals. But also the rapid and simple detection of infectious diseases, which is sometimes difficult if not impossible at present, will improve animal health and welfare. Although the production of transgenic animals either by DNA-microinjection into zygotes or the use of embryonal stem cells manipulated in vitro is less straightforward than DNA-based diagnosis it will play an important role in the direct manipulation of the porcine genome and genes. Breeding programmes including the use of transgenic livestock have already been developed. There is no doubt that genetic engineering has reached a degree of practical feasibility, allowing it to play an important role in pig breeding in particular and animal production in general.     

迪卡配套系猪RYR1的PCR分析及其利用的研究

试验从鸡东县永安猪场随机抽取迪卡配套系猪B系和E系42头，通过PCR扩增技术和酶切鉴定．采用克隆技术进行测序，来检测是否含有氟烷基因序列。经过以上技术检测这42头猪均没有氟烷基因。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植影响因素的分析

波尔山羊胚胎移植效果受诸多因素的影响，供体状况、药物、季节等因素使供体超排效果产生较大的差异，而受体状况、胚胎质量等对受体的妊娠率产生较大的影响，这些因素阻碍了波尔山羊胚胎移植的产业化应用。本文对以上影响波尔山羊胚胎移植效果的因素进行了分析，以期为提高胚胎移植效率提供依据，从而促进波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化进程。     

家畜繁殖生物技术研究现状及趋势

牛胚胎移植技术已趋于成熟。我国新疆牧科院用一步细管法移植牛冻胚受胎率达41%;牛和羊鲜胚四分胚移植也产下1头犊牛和6只羔羊。家畜体外受精,因卵子体外成熟和受精卵体外培养尚不过关,目前仍停留在实验室阶段。胚胎性别鉴定,1990年Koopman发现单拷贝基因,该基因是Y染色体的性决定区,命名为SRY,可利用PCR技术制成雄性特异DNA探针盒,进行马、牛、羊、猪早期胚胎性别鉴定。北京农学院等单位用PCR扩增牛SRY序列进行奶牛胚胎性别鉴定准确率达100%。英、日、法等国已获得牛胚胎细胞核移植后代;我国也获得1只核移植兔。北农大和新疆牧科院合作以绵羊精子为载体导入牛生长激素基因rMTbGH DNA成功,外源基因整合率为3%。