自动折叠喷洒臂的设计及运动学特性

为了解决当前卷盘式喷灌机所配套的喷灌车自动化水平较低的问题,设计了一种基于电动缸驱动的自动折叠喷洒臂,并在喷洒臂之间连接处设计了一种当喷洒臂完全展开时能够实现自密封的端面密封铰链.基于喷洒臂完全折叠时收拢于车架两侧,完全伸展时铰链左右铰合密封等特征建立各杆件参数约束方程,确定了喷洒臂的各杆件尺寸.通过矢量方程法对喷洒臂进行运动学分析,以电动杆推杆的转角、位移、速度、加速度为输入量,各杆件的角位移、角速度、角加速度为输出量,通过Simulink搭建喷洒臂的运动仿真框图并进行分析.结果表明:完全折叠时,喷管1与水平方向呈90°夹角;伸展过程中,各喷管运动平稳,且始终保持在水平直线方向;完全展开时,3个喷管转动90°,且各喷管铰接处完全闭合不发生水泄漏现象,说明设计具有一定的合理性.     

粮食烘干塔换热器智能折边设备研发

结合螺旋板式换热器的应用领域及其板材折边生产现状,分析了其生产弊端。针对板材折边工艺要求,研发了粮食烘干塔换热器智能折边设备,并剖析其工作机理。根据典型产品结构参数,设计智能折边装备总体装配图并计算主要零件参数,为智能折边装备制作提供理论依据,从而实现换热器板材折边智能加工,提高换热器卷板折边质量及精度。     

液压升降折叠宽幅喷杆喷架的结构设计

针对目前植保机械中所使用的喷杆喷架稳定性差、折叠伸展需要人工辅助等问题,设计出了一种液压升降折叠宽幅喷杆喷架。对喷杆喷架的升降装置、90°液压油缸折叠机构、180°液压油缸折叠机构和整体宽幅喷架进行了理论分析和结构设计,并建立了关键部件的三维模型。通过田间试验验证了该装置设计方案的合理性,为研发先进适用、具有自主知识产权的液压升降折叠宽幅喷杆喷架奠定了基础。     

立体分子伴侣-脂肪酶特异折叠酶

细菌脂肪酶是一类重要的工业用酶,尤其以来源于假单孢杆菌Pseudomonas与伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia的脂肪酶应用最为广泛。然而,这类脂肪酶折叠过程中存在一个巨大的能障而无法自发正确折叠。研究发现,这类脂肪酶的编码基因所在操纵子中往往存在一个与其折叠相关的基因,编码一种脂肪酶特异折叠酶。该类蛋白为脂肪酶的立体分子伴侣,可与脂肪酶的折叠中间体相互作用,帮助脂肪酶越过折叠过程中的能量障碍,为其获得正确构象提供必要的空间信息。详细阐述了脂肪酶特异折叠酶的发现、分类、作用机制与应用前景。     

新型三折叠喷洒臂结构设计及动力学仿真

针对目前卷盘式喷灌机配套单喷头车水力能耗高,而水力能耗低的桁架式喷洒车不能折叠的问题,设计了1种新型三折叠喷洒臂桁架结构,确定了各杆件的长度以及连接关系,建立了基于多刚体系统动力学理论的拉格朗日法机构动力学方程,结合ADAMS虚拟样机技术仿真分析了三折叠喷洒臂结构在正弦函数驱动下的各杆件运动响应以及动力学特性.根据分析结果对结构进行了改进,结果表明,三折叠喷洒臂结构折叠过程运动平稳,完全收拢后内侧杆件折叠角为86.2°,各杆的最大受力突变出现在折叠收拢角为85.6°时,此时液压缸输出最大推力为2 800 N,各杆最大应力为10 MPa,远远满足管用防锈铝合金材料130 MPa的许用应力要求.由此表明,三折叠喷洒臂结构具有较好的折叠收拢效果,各杆件受力满足结构强度要求,为验证三折叠喷洒臂结构设计的合理性及加工物理样机的可行性提供了依据.     

蒙古族折叠家具的设计理念

分析了蒙古族折叠家具形式,基于蒙古族折叠家具折叠程度大、折叠部位多样的显著特征,总结出“绿色设计”、“便携设计”“、竖向设计”三大设计特点,探讨了其在“城市游牧民”使用的折叠家具设计中的应用。     

Physiological responses of argentine peanut varieties to water stress.: Light interception, radiation use efficiency and partitioning of assimilates

In Argentina, peanut production is concentrated in areas where unpredictable and intermittent periods of water deficit occur almost every year especially, during the pod growth period. Florman INTA is the most popular variety among peanut producers, but it is highly sensitive to drought. Manfredi 393 INTA was released as a drought-tolerant variety. Differences between these varieties in radiation interception and crop mass accumulation relative to light levels, as well as in allocation of assimilate to economic yield under water deficit, have not been previously studied.

An experiment was set with two different regimes of water supply. Half of the crop was irrigated (IRR) from sowing to maturity, while the other half received no water between 47 and 113 days after sowing. The fraction of PAR intercepted, (f), leaf area, pod and vegetative above-ground biomass and leaf carbon dioxide exchange rate (CER) were measured periodically during the water deficit period. The leaf area index, degree of leaf folding, canopy extinction coefficient, radiation use efficiency (RUE), partitioning factor, (p), and harvest index (HI) were calculated from the measurements.

Under water stress, f was reduced in both varieties with respect to their controls, and the reduction was proportionally higher in Florman INTA as a consequence of a higher leaf area reduction and degree of leaf folding. However, f remained higher in Florman INTA than in Manfredi 393 INTA due to the enhanced capacity of the former to generate leaf area under non-limiting water supply.

RUE values were higher in Manfredi 393 INTA than in Florman INTA, both under irrigation as well as under severe water deficit, where they were obtained using a two-parameter exponential model. The reason for the higher RUE values in Manfredi 393 INTA was its ability to maintain a higher leaf CER.

Partitioning to pods under irrigation was greater in Manfredi 393 INTA than in Florman INTA, as a result of a longer pod filling period and higher p. Towards the end of podfill, there was a rapid increase of p in Florman INTA, but too late to improve its HI. Under water stress, the time course of p for both varieties was lower than in the IRR treatments and consequently, HI at harvest was reduced. Low HI values could be attributed to some extent to the mechanical impedance of the upper soil layer, caused by water deficit. Mechanical impedance alters the relation among p and HI values obtained under irrigation and water stress. However, even if it is accounted for, cultivars with high HI under IRR conditions usually have high HI under water deficit.     

喷杆式喷雾机水平折叠喷杆设计与试验

针对喷杆式喷雾机在农作物生长中后期进行施药作业时需加装吊喷杆、分禾器等施药辅助装置,而加装后立式折叠喷杆易产生干涉,甚至无法折叠等问题,设计一种基于3WF-1000型喷杆式喷雾机的宽幅水平折叠喷杆。采用解析法与遗传算法对喷杆水平展开机构及喷杆展开角速度进行优化设计,实现喷杆水平展开与折叠动作的流畅、平稳;提出一种喷杆偏心圆锥铰链调平方法,结合圆锥形铰链销角度调节以及上、下配合锥面摩擦力矩作用,喷杆调节角可达6.5°;通过力学分析确定喷杆避障与防回弹机构压簧压力范围及离合器结构参数;建立动力学传递函数数学模型,优选弹簧摆式悬架弹簧刚度为1 500 N/m与阻尼板阻尼系数为3 500 N·s/m。对喷杆及其关键部件进行静力学特性和运动学仿真,结果表明所设计喷杆结构参数合理,稳定性和展开流畅性均满足设计要求。场地试验表明,所设计的水平折叠式喷杆展开过程稳定无卡滞,偏心圆锥铰链调平机构可有效校正喷杆下垂,田间试验中,雾滴平均沉积度为27.1个/cm²、沿喷杆方向喷雾分布变异系数为5.1%。     

Influence of Rice Genotypes on Folding and Spinning Behaviour of Leaffolder （Cnaphalocrocis medinalis） and Its Interaction with Leaf Damage

Folding and spinning behavior of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee） （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae） in different categories of rice genotypes viz., resistant, susceptible, hybrid, scented, popular and wild rice genotypes were significantly different. Longer leaf selection time and folding time per primary fold; shorter primary fold and whole leaf fold; lower number of binds per primary fold and whole leaf fold were recorded in resistant and wild rice genotypes. In the correlation analysis, it was found that the leaf folding parameters were positively correlated to leaf folder damage whereas the leaf spinning parameters were negatively correlated. Similarly, the morphological characters differed significantly among the chosen genotypes and were related to leaffolder damage. The leaf width and total productive tiller number were positively correlated to leaffolder infestation. Results also indicated that the trichome density and length, leaf length and plant height might contribute to resistance whereas total number of green leaves had no effect on leaffolder infestation. In the scatter plot analysis between leaf folding and spinning characters and leaffolder damage, the genotypes were separated into four groups viz., resistant （TKM6, Ptb 33, LFR831311, Oryza rhizomatis and O. minuta）, moderately resistant （ASD16 and CORH1）, moderately susceptible （ADT36, Pusa Basmati and CB200290） and susceptible （IR36 and TN1）. The present investigation proved that the leaf morphology viz., leaf length and width, plant height and trichome density and length may play a vital role in resistance against rice leaffolder.