两种干燥方式对香椿粉品质特性的影响

以香椿为原料，研究真空冷冻干燥和喷雾干燥对香椿粉的物理特性、基本成分、抗氧化活性、风味物质和微观结构的影响。结果表明：真空冷冻干燥香椿粉的综合品质较好。在物理特性方面，真空冷冻干燥香椿粉的得率较高、色泽浓绿，复水性、吸油性好；而喷雾干燥香椿粉的溶解度高、堆积密度大。在基本成分方面，真空冷冻干燥香椿粉的蛋白质、皂苷、生物碱含量均高于喷雾干燥；而VC、黄酮、多糖含量在两种干燥方式的香椿粉中无显著性差异。在抗氧化活性方面，真空冷冻干燥香椿粉的DPPH自由基清除力和还原力均高于喷雾干燥。在风味物质方面，从真空冷冻干燥和喷雾干燥的香椿粉中分别鉴定出49和41种挥发性成分，且真空冷冻干燥香椿粉含有较高的特征风味物质2-巯基-3, 4-二甲基-2,3-二氢噻吩。扫描电镜观察微观结构发现真空冷冻干燥香椿粉呈现蜂窝状松散结构，而喷雾干燥香椿粉多呈现出干瘪的圆球体状。综合考虑，真空冷冻干燥是一种适合制备高品质香椿粉的干燥方式。     

真空冷冻和热风干燥对哈密瓜片品质的影响

以西州蜜17号为原料,采用热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥方式对哈密瓜片进行干燥,研究不同干燥方式对哈密瓜片营养成分、色泽、微观结构以及香气成分的影响。结果表明,不同干燥方式对哈密瓜片的营养成分、色泽、微观结构以及香气成分均有显著影响。两种干燥方式中,真空冷冻干燥产品的色泽优于热风干燥;总酚、总黄酮含量以真空冷冻干燥产品最高,总糖、VC含量以热风干燥产品最高,真空冷冻干燥和热风干燥能显著降低不同营养成分的损失;热风干燥产品的微观整体结构更加塌陷,而真空冷冻干燥产品出现了孔洞结构;不同干燥方式处理哈密瓜片的香气物质、种类及相对含量具有一定差异;热风干燥主要的香气成分中,酮类中的香叶基丙酮含量最高,为19.47%,真空冷冻干燥主要的香气成分中,酮类中的β-紫罗酮含量最高,为26.12%。综合考虑加工成本与产品品质,采用热风干燥更适合哈密瓜片的加工生产。     

宜昌市柑橘冻害发生的气象特点及柑橘不同品种在冻害中表现和冻后恢复比较

【研究目的】全球升温趋势之下，极端温度变幅加大和低温造成的灾害性天气频率不减反增，2008、2011和2012宜昌柑橘产区部分或大面积发生不同程度柑橘冻害。本研究旨在增强人们对于冻害发生天气情况的了解，为柑橘产区品种规划及防寒减灾提供参考资料【方法】通过对宜昌市夷陵区历次柑橘冻害发生的气象资料统计和冻后实际调研情况分析，对最近几年冻害发生过程中不同柑橘种类和品种的表现及冻后恢复情况进行比较。【结果】发现历次大冻均发生于1月5日至1月31日之间，冻害程度与低温强度及低温持续时间呈现正相关。比较了柚、杂柑、椪柑、温州蜜柑和甜橙等不同柑橘种类在冻害中的表现，结果表明，受冻程度由重到轻依次为：杂柑→柚类→橙类→椪柑→温州蜜柑，离大水体远的果园受冻严重；坡向、坡位对冻害程度有影响。冻后恢复情况与树体冻害程度和冻后恢复能力有关，甜橙和柚冻害较重，但恢复能力较强，椪柑受冻虽然较甜橙和柚为轻，但冻后恢复较慢，而温州蜜柑冻害发生轻、冻后恢复也最快。【结论】在柑橘栽培北缘地区，因地制宜选择适宜品种、合理进行规划布局对柑橘产业健康发展极为重要。     

In vitro suppression of quercetin on hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured by high glucose

Quercetin's protective effects on the glomerulosclerosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rat mesangial cells were investigated. The cell cycles, type IV collagen and laminin, TGF-β₁ mRNA, Smad 2/3 and Smad 7, and activities of cell antioxidases were measured. Compared with the high glucose group, quercetin may decrease the cell percentages of G₀/G₁ phase, Smad 2/3 expression, laminin and type IV collagen, and TGF-β₁ mRNA level significantly. The antioxidant capacity, the cell percentages of S phase and Smad 7 expression was significantly increased by quercetin. These results suggest that quercetin is a protective agent against glomerulosclerosis in DN.     

高性能耐磨纸的研究

探索了不同的涂布量、胶粘剂的种类和用量对耐磨纸的耐磨转数、吸水高度和湿强度的影响，通过优化涂布工艺配方使耐磨纸的耐磨转数提高到7000转以上。     

Differences between wheat genotypes in damage from freezing temperatures during reproductive growth

Cereal crops in the reproductive stage of growth are considerably more susceptible to injury from freezing temperatures than during their vegetative growth stage in the fall. While damage resulting from spring-freeze events has been documented, information on genotypic differences in tolerance to spring-freezes is scarce. Ninety wheat genotypes were subjected to a simulated spring-freeze at the mid-boot growth stage under controlled conditions. Spring-freeze tolerance was evaluated as the number of seeds per head at maturity after plants were frozen at −6 °C. Plants that froze, as confirmed by infrared (IR) thermography, died shortly after thawing and consequently the heads did not mature. Only in plants that had no visible freezing (super-cooled) were heads able to reach maturity and produce seeds. In plants that super-cooled four genotypes had significantly higher seed counts after being exposed to freezing than three with the lowest. In addition, significant differences between genotypes were found in whole plant survival among those that had frozen. Genotypes with high whole-plant freezing survival were not necessarily the same as the super-cooled plants with the highest seed counts. Spring-freeze tolerance was not correlated with maturity suggesting that improvement in freezing tolerance could be selected for without affecting heading date. Spring-freeze tolerance was not correlated with freezing tolerance of genotypes of plants in a vegetative state, either under non-acclimated or cold-acclimated conditions indicating that vegetative freezing tolerance is not a good predictor of spring-freeze tolerance.     

染色法鉴别秀丽隐杆线虫生命状态探究

利用0.5%的曙红、10%的番红花、0.5%的亚甲基蓝和红墨水,分别对死伤秀丽隐杆线虫进行染色观察,进而找出一种清晰可见、简单易行的鉴别死伤线虫的方法。     

Genome Size Variation in Maize Populations Selected for Cold Tolerance

Previous studies have indicated a relationship between genome size and cold tolerance in plants. Many species adapted to growth in cool environments have large genome sizes. These studies are based on interspecific DNA content variation. In this study, the nuclear DNA content of eight maize populations was determined. These populations were obtained from the University of Nebraska and represent populations selected for cold tolerance and their respective unselected original populations. Intraspecific DNA content variation was observed between the selected and unselected populations. Upon assessing the data based solely on cold tolerance, no clear relationship between genome size and cold tolerance was apparent. When both freeze tolerance and cold tolerance were considered, populations which were cold tolerant and exhibited a certain degree of freeze tolerance were observed to have significantly larger genomes relative to the unselected populations. Thus, it appears that the relationship between intraspecific genome size variation and cold tolerance is similar to the relationship between interspecific genome size variation and growth at cooler temperatures in plants.     

Effect of Reinforced-Concrete Deterioration on Structures

s:It is proposed that the research of the structural durability is necessary considering the structural damages under the effect of deterioration of reinforced concrete. The most common reasons, which cause the deterioration of structures in China, are reinforcement corrosion and freeze thaw cycles of concrete. Based on the summarizing of research works of the effect of reinforced concrete deterioration on structures, it is indicated that the structural durability research should be carried out either in view of material science or that of structural science, and should be also considered the interaction of several factors with uncertain nature instead of the determined individual factor analysis. The structural durability of serviceable should be paid much more attention while researching the durability of structural capacity. The effect of reinforced concrete deterioration on structural capacity, rigidity and durability should be researched henceforth.     

外掺植物纤维对冻融作用下植被混凝土抗剪强度的影响

[目的]研究外掺2种植物纤维对冻融作用下植被混凝土抗剪强度的影响,为植被混凝土生态防护技术在高寒地区的应用提供科学依据。[方法]参考相关标准(GB/T50082-2009)中的慢冻法,采用2因素3水平全面交叉试验开展研究。[结果]未掺植物纤维的植被混凝土,冻融后黏聚力显著减小,内摩擦角变化不明显。掺入植物纤维可使经受5次冻融循环作用后植被混凝土的内摩擦角平均增加5°左右,并且随植物纤维掺量的增加,内摩擦角变化无明显规律,黏聚力则呈先增加后减小的趋势。表明纤维加筋对黏聚力的贡献存在临界掺量。棕纤维掺量对黏聚力的影响比黄麻纤维掺量更为敏感。[结论]外掺植物纤维可有效改善植被混凝土抵抗冻融破坏的能力,棕纤维和黄麻纤维的建议掺入比为0.6%和0.6%,具备推广应用前景。