Application of imidacloprid controlled-release granules to enhance the utilization rate and control wheat aphid on winter wheat

During winter wheat production, aphids need to be controlled with pesticides for the entire growth period. Controlled-release technology has been regarded as an alternative method for the improvement of pesticide efficiency. This study investigated two types of imidacloprid controlled-release granule (CR-GR): 2% imidacloprid CR-GR and 0.2% imidacloprid pesticide-fertilizer controlled-release granule (PF-CR-GR) when wheat was sown in winter. The release performance, utilization rate, terminal residues in edible parts, control effect on aphids, and achieved winter wheat yield were evaluated for both laboratory experiments and field application. Imidacloprid PF-CR-GR released more quickly in aqueous medium than CR-GR because of its good water solubility. After CR-GR treatments, the concentrations in wheat roots and soil were similar throughout the entire sampling period, and the concentrations in shoots were about 10–20% of those in roots. Imidacloprid was better absorbed when CR-GR was used as root treatment, compared with foliar treatment. Field application showed that imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR controlled aphids throughout the entire growth period of winter wheat and improved the wheat yield. These findings identified application of imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR on winter wheat as an effective way to enhance the pesticide utilization rate and ensure adequate yield. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the scientific use of pesticides and guides scientific pesticide application.     

氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果研究

本试验比较了不同浓度氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果。结果表明:试验药剂35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂在水中分散性良好,700倍用药量(有效成分量为41.2 g/hm^2)防治桃小食心虫的速效性和持效性均良好,14 d后防效达到最大值,为99.1%。试验证明,氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂可用来防治果树桃小食心虫。     

均匀设计法优选抗雏鸡白痢翁苋颗粒

利用均匀设计法及回归分析优选抗雏鸡白痢的中药组方翁苋颗粒.结合中兽药组方原则,将白头翁、马齿苋、苍术、陈皮等中药进行组方配伍,采用均匀设计法及回归分析,以不同配比的翁苋颗粒对鸡白痢沙门氏菌的体外抑菌效果作为考察指标,运用中兽医整体观念及体外抑菌活性评价筛选最优处方.采用腹腔注射鸡白痢沙门氏菌菌液的方法复制雏鸡白痢的病理模型,通过在饲料中添加一定比例的翁苋颗粒,于试验后统计有效率、治愈率.翁苋方28的组分配比为最佳处方,最优处方配比的翁苋颗粒高剂量组对雏鸡白痢的治愈率、有效率均为91.7%.该试验筛选出的优化复方制备处方翁苋颗粒能够有效防治雏鸡白痢.     

Effects of Dietary Digestible Protein and Energy Levels on Growth Performance,Feed Utilization,and Body Composition of Juvenile Permit,Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

A 9‐wk study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein and energy on growth performance of juvenile permit, Trachinotus falcatus, growing from approximately 30 to 150 g. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three levels of crude protein (400, 450, and 500 g/kg dry matter [DM]); and three levels of crude lipid (100, 200, and 300 g/kg DM) in a 3 × 3 factorial design. Growth rate and feed efficiency were significantly improved with increasing dietary protein levels from 400 to 500 g/kg and with dietary lipid levels from 100 to 200 g/kg. Fish body protein content was positively correlated with dietary ratio of digestible protein (DP) to digestible energy (DE) (P < 0.01, R² = 0.83), while body lipid was negatively correlated with dietary DP/DE (R² = 0.55, P < 0.05) but positively correlated with dietary DE levels (R² = 0.66, P < 0.01). Results showed a protein‐sparing effect, as protein retention was significantly increased by increasing dietary lipid level. In conclusion, the diet containing DP of 392.7 g/kg and DE of 18.8 MJ/kg (DM), corresponding to a DP/DE of 20.9 g/MJ, is suggested as an optimal feed for growth and feed efficiency in juvenile permit.     

原味型斗烟原料作用分析

【目的】明确原味型斗烟原料烤烟、白肋烟、百里科、东方烟草、拉塔基亚、黑板烟的特性及其在配方中的作用,为原味型斗烟的配方设计提供参考。【方法】对6种斗烟原料常规化学成分、中性致香物质含量进行测定,并对6种斗烟原料及其按1∶1组成的7种配方斗烟(烤烟(对照)、烤烟/白肋烟、烤烟/东方烟草、烤烟/拉塔基亚、烤烟/百里科、烤烟/黑板烟、烤烟/东方烟草/拉塔基亚)进行感官特性分析,研究原料内在化学成分与感官评价之间的相关性。【结果】6种斗烟原料中烤烟的叶绿素降解产物含量高、氮碱比低;白肋烟总糖、还原糖含量低,烟碱含量高;拉塔基亚总氮和类胡萝卜素降解产物含量高;东方烟草(土耳其AG级)总糖、还原糖含量及糖碱比高;黑板烟烟碱含量低、中性致香物质总量低。感官评价结果表明,白肋烟具有坚果香味,可使配方劲道力量、层次变化和室韵嗅香得分升高;东方烟草香气芳香,可使配方层次变化得分升高;百里科刺激性稍大,可使配方劲道力量、层次变化和室韵嗅香得分升高;黑板烟具有焦糖风味,可使配方层次变化得分升高;拉塔基亚具有焚香风味,可使配方室韵嗅香得分升高,但会降低层次变化得分。相关性分析结果表明,烟碱含量与劲道力量呈极显著正相关,氮碱比与劲道力量呈显著负相关;钾含量与层次变化呈显著正相关,类胡萝卜素降解产物含量与层次变化呈显著负相关;总糖含量、还原糖含量、棕色化反应产物含量与室韵嗅香呈显著负相关。【结论】白肋烟、百里科的烟碱含量高、氮碱比低,可使配方劲道力量变强;黑板烟、白肋烟的加入可丰富配方的层次变化;烤烟、东方烟草的总糖、还原糖、棕色化反应产物含量相对较高,要设计室韵嗅香较浓的配方应减少这2种原料的使用量。     

灌浆期高温对不同耐热性小麦籽粒淀粉积累的影响

为揭示小麦耐热机理，以3个耐热性不同的小麦品种(系)［44（耐热）、94（热敏感）和中国春（热敏感）］为材料，在开花后15 d至成熟进行胁迫（昼/夜温度37/17 ℃，14/10 h），探究热胁迫对小麦灌浆时间、千粒重、籽粒淀粉含量、组成和淀粉颗粒的影响。结果表明，在高温胁迫处理后，耐热和热敏感小麦籽粒总淀粉含量均降低，直/支比分别下降和升高；与耐热品系44相比，2个热敏感小麦品种的A型淀粉颗粒粒径减小，中间型淀粉颗粒（8~14 μm）增多。这些结果说明，灌浆期高温胁迫抑制了小麦籽粒淀粉的积累，但不同耐热能力的品种（系）对高温胁迫的响应存在差异。     

High feeding and growth rates in common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) fed formulated feeds with an improved amino acid profile and mixture of binders

Four semi‐moist formulated feeds were supplied to Octopus vulgaris subadults (664 ± 70 g; 18.4 ± 0.7°C) in two different experiments. In the experiment #1, two diets were prepared with a new mixture of binders (gelatine 150 g kg^?1, starch 100 g kg^?1 and gum 50 g kg^?1). The GEL15‐Squid and GEL15‐Hake feeds included 100 g kg^?1 freeze‐dried squid (Todarodes sagittatus) or hake (Merluccius sp.) respectively. Both feeds showed low water disintegration rates at 24 h (13.6–15.0% dry weight). The specific feeding rate was higher in animals fed GEL15‐Hake (2.7%BW day^?1), but the growth and feed efficiency were significantly better in animals fed GEL15‐Squid (1.4%BW day^?1 and 61.2% respectively; P < 0.05). The proximate composition of the digestive gland, carcass and whole animals was similar. In the experiment #2, the GEL15‐Squid amino acid profile was improved by replacing 50 g kg^?1 gelatine by 50 g kg^?1 freeze‐dried squid (GEL10‐Squid) or freeze‐dried fish (GEL10‐Fish). These feeds showed higher water disintegration rates (31.7–36.3% dry weight). The feeding rates (2.2–2.3%BW day^?1), growth (1.5%BW day^?1) and feed efficiency were similar for both diets. Total lipids were higher in the digestive gland and whole animals fed GEL10‐Fish diet (P < 0.05). Future effort could be directed towards alternative binders that allow improve amino acid balance with a minimum gelatine content or even supplementation trials including essential amino acids.     

连芩解毒颗粒提取工艺研究

目的 优选连芩解毒颗粒的最佳提取工艺。方法 以盐酸小檗碱及黄芩苷的转移率为考察指标，结合单因素及正交试验法，对连芩解毒颗粒的提取工艺进行优化。结果 优选出连芩解毒颗粒的最佳提取工艺为：药材用60%乙醇浸泡1.0 h，回流提取2次，第一次1.5 h，料液比1∶10（g∶mL），第二次1 h，料液比1∶8（g∶mL）。结论 优选的提取工艺稳定、可行，为连芩解毒颗粒的生产制备提供实验依据。     

复方穿山龙颗粒治疗类风湿性关节炎临床观察

目的 观察复方穿山龙颗粒治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床疗效及不良反应。方法 将68例类风湿性关节炎患者随机分为治疗组（34例）和对照组（34例），治疗组给予复方穿山龙颗粒，对照组给予来氟米特片和洛索洛芬钠片，疗程3个月。观察两组临床疗效以及血沉（ESR）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、类风湿因子（RF）的变化。结果 治疗组临床疗效的总有效率为85.3%，ESR、CRP、RF较治疗前均明显降低（P<0.05），与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），但不良反应发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 复方穿山龙颗粒治疗类风湿性关节炎具有疗效确切、不良反应少等优点，适合患者较长时间服用。