2017年褐飞虱和白背飞虱田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮的抗性监测

氟吡呋喃酮是拜耳作物科学公司开发的一种新型新烟碱类杀虫剂。为探究氟吡呋喃酮在水稻稻飞虱上的应用前景,采用稻苗浸渍法测定了采自中国7省10地的褐飞虱田间种群和5省8地的白背飞虱田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮的抗性。结果表明:10个地区的褐飞虱田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮表现为低等至中等水平抗性(抗性倍数RR=6.1~17.4),其中江西南昌、河南信阳、安徽六安和浙江杭州种群表现为中等水平抗性(RR=10.1~17.4);相反,白背飞虱除湖北孝感田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮表现为低水平抗性(RR=6.3)外,其他7个地区的田间种群均保持敏感(RR=1.1~3.6)。本研究揭示了中国褐飞虱和白背飞虱田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮的敏感性现状,可为合理应用氟吡呋喃酮防控稻飞虱提供理论依据。     

氟啶虫胺腈等11种杀虫剂对瓜蚜的毒力及协同增效作用

为探寻防治瓜蚜的高效协同增效药剂组合，采用叶片带虫浸渍法测定了氟啶虫胺腈等11种杀虫剂对瓜蚜的毒力。结果表明:处理后24 h，氟啶虫胺腈对瓜蚜的毒力最高，吡蚜酮最低，LC₅₀值分别为10.15和369.63 mg/L；48 h时依然是氟啶虫胺腈毒力最高，而高效氯氟氰菊酯最低，LC₅₀值分别为2.35和117.57 mg/L。在此基础上进行协同增效药剂筛选，结果表明:按质量比计，氟啶虫酰胺与吡蚜酮1 : 1、氟吡呋喃酮与吡蚜酮1 : 5、氟啶虫胺腈与吡蚜酮1 : 3、氟吡呋喃酮与高效氯氟氰菊酯1 : 5、氟啶虫胺腈与高效氯氟氰菊酯1 : 5几种组合的增效作用显著，共毒系数分别达1 271、820、561、1 277和478。研究结果可为田间瓜蚜的高效化学防治提供科学依据。     

3种新型杀虫剂对苹果黄蚜的毒力效果评价

采用浸叶法在室内测定了3种药剂对苹果黄蚜的毒力,并在田间进行了防治试验。室内毒力测定结果表明:供试3种新型药剂中,双丙环虫酯和氟吡呋喃酮对苹果黄蚜的毒力较高,LC₅₀分别为3.16 mg/L和23.58 mg/L,三氟苯嘧啶毒力较低,LC₅₀为329.92 mg/L。田间试验结果表明:3种药剂对苹果黄蚜均有较好的速效性和持效性。17%氟吡呋喃酮可溶液剂和10%三氟苯嘧啶悬浮剂各处理3～7 d防效为82.19%～93.45%,药后30 d防效达到78.91%～87.92%;50 g/L双丙环虫酯可分散液剂2.5 mg/kg和4.2 mg/kg处理药后3～7 d防效为94.64%～97.04%,药后21 d防效仍可达88%以上。因此,3种新型药剂均可以用于防治苹果黄蚜,田间使用时推荐有效成分用量为双丙环虫酯2.5～4.2 mg/kg,氟吡呋喃酮113～170 mg/kg,三氟苯嘧啶28～80 mg/kg。     

CO2浓度倍增下氟吡呋喃酮对西花蓟马保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响

为探究大气CO₂浓度升高条件下西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis对新烟碱类杀虫剂氟吡呋喃酮的生理代谢机制,在正常(400μL/L)和倍增(800μL/L)CO₂浓度下采用浸渍法测定氟吡呋喃酮对西花蓟马的毒力,研究氟吡呋喃酮低致死剂量LC₂₀处理对西花蓟马超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、羧酸酯酶(carboxylesterase,CarE)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione-S-transferase,GST)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AChE)活性的影响。结果表明,CO₂浓度倍增条件下,氟吡呋喃酮对西花蓟马的致死中浓度LC₅₀为293.78 mg/L,仅为400μL/L CO₂浓度下的60.53%。在2个CO₂浓度下,氟吡呋喃酮LC_20<...     

喷雾助剂对氟吡呋喃酮防治桃蚜的增效作用

为明确不同喷雾助剂对氟呲呋喃酮防治西蓝花桃蚜的增效作用.采用浸虫浸叶法和喷雾法测定了3种喷雾助剂与氟吡呋喃酮混配对桃蚜的室内毒力及田间药效.室内毒力表明,3种喷雾助剂对氟吡呋喃酮的增效作用为:强力源＞纳米网构控失剂SC108＞激健.氟呲呋喃酮对桃蚜48 h的LC50为7.67 mg L-1,添加强力源、纳米网构控失剂SC108、激健分别降低到2.64、2.82和3.45 mg L-1.田间试验表明,添加强力源可使氟呲呋喃酮减量40％,而分别添加纳米网构控失剂SC108、激健可降低使用量20％～30％.药后7d,各处理对西蓝花桃蚜的防效达到最高,其中,氟吡呋喃酮减量20％添加强力源对西蓝花桃蚜的防效高达94.95％.药后14d,氟吡呋喃酮减量40％添加3种喷雾助剂对西蓝花桃蚜的防效仍保持在57.78％～81.43％.因此,建议在生产中使用减量40％的氟呲呋喃酮添加强力源防治桃蚜.     

Genetics and fitness costs of resistance to flupyradifurone in Bemisia tabaci from China

Flupyradifurone is a promising new insecticide used for controlling Bemisia tabaci during vegetable production. In this study, we assessed the fitness costs and mode of inheritance associated with resistance to flupyradifurone in B. tabaci by comparing the susceptible strain (MED-S) to one field-evolved flupyradifurone-resistant strain (WH-R, with 199-fold resistance) and one laboratory-selected flupyradifurone-resistant strain (FLU-SEL, with 124-fold resistance). Progenies of reciprocal crosses between WH-R and MED-S (F_1A, F_1B, and pooled F₁), and between FLU-SEL and MED-S (F_1C, F_1D, and pooled F₁’), showed varying degrees of dominance, indicating that resistance to flupyradifurone in WH-R was autosomal and incompletely dominant, yet in FLU-SEL it was autosomal and incompletely recessive. Furthermore, the development of resistance to flupyradifurone occurred at the expense of fitness costs for the resistant populations. Compared to the MED-S strain, WH-R showed a relative fitness of 0.50 with significantly prolonged developmental durations and reduced survival rates of the nymphal and pseudopupal stages, as well as decreased fecundity and hatchability. Similarly, FLU-SEL showed a relative fitness of 0.65 and also demonstrated prolonged developmental durations and reduced survival rates of nymphs and pseudopupae, as well as decreased hatchability in comparison with the MED-S strain. However, no significant differences in fecundity were observed between MED-S and FLU-SEL. The present study provides useful knowledge for formulating pest management strategies in the field, which will allow growers to slow the development of resistance to flupyradifurone and to sustainably control B. tabaci.     

氟吡呋喃酮原药高效液相色谱分析方法研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以乙腈+0.25%乙酸水溶液为流动相,使用ZORBAX SB-C_(18)色谱柱和二极管阵列检测器,在260nm波长下对氟吡呋喃酮原药进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该分析方法的线性相关系数为1.000 0,标准偏差为0.26,变异系数为0.27%,平均回收率为99.99%。