智慧物流在饲料企业管理中的应用研究

饲料行业的竞争日益激烈,其需要学会使用现代科技提升竞争力,智慧物流就是这些技术之一。智慧物流可以提升饲料企业对原材料和产品在物流过程中的管控。本文试图探索智慧物流如何提升饲料企业的管理。通过智慧物流,饲料企业可以改进生产管理的流程和模式,加强采购管理中的风险管理,追踪产品售后的流向和信息,提升企业的产品质量,保证企业财务数据的真实性和可靠性。     

绿色经济体系下饲料企业经济模式转变研究

近年来,绿色经济成为席卷全球的潮流。绿色经济带给经济社会的改变将是全面而深刻的,饲料行业也不会例外。绿色经济既会给饲料行业带来落后产能淘汰、产业结构升级的机遇,也会带来利润下降、承包上升的短期阵痛。饲料企业想要抓住机遇、迎接挑战,就必须尽快转变当前的经济模式,建立绿色企业文化,加大研发投入,调整生产模式,加强上下游产业链的选择和配合,如果遇到资金困难,可以利用绿色金融进行融资。     

猪饲料有效能值预测模型的构建

为探索饲料常规成分及碳水化合物组分与饲料有效能值之间的关系方程,本研究以NRC第11版《猪营养需要量》中发布的122套饲料营养成分表为基础,将饲料中11种基础成分[6项常规成分:干物质、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、粗脂肪(EE)、酸性醚提取物、粗灰分(ash);5项碳水化合物组分:淀粉(ST)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、半纤维素、酸性洗涤木质素]作为自变量,将饲料中的消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)及净能(NE)作为因变量,采用SAS软件中的REG过程,分别建立不同性质饲料、自变量的不同组合与DE、ME及NE之间的回归关系方程,并以相关系数(R2)及变异系数(CV)作为评价回归模型的优劣。研究表明,有效能值与CP、ST及纤维类指标显著或极显著相关(P0.05或P0.01)。将所有饲料作为研究对象时,饲料的DE、ME及NE与上述11种基础成分之间建立的普适性回归模型预测效果较差。当将14种玉米及其加工产品形成子集时,建立饲料基础营养成分与DE、ME及NE的关系方程分别为7、6和7套(P0.05),且3组回归模型R2分别为0.632 8~0.772 3、0.646 9~0.684 9和0.670 5~0.822 1,CV分别为6.61%~8.40%、6.58%~7.34%和6.21%~8.27%;当将13种大豆及其加工产品形成子集时,共建立饲料基础成分与DE、ME关系方程分别有3和4套,回归模型R2分别为0.907 1~0.926 9、0.890 7~0.922 3,CV分别为5.40%~6.09%、5.79%~6.78%,NE与基础营养成分指标之间无法建立具有营养学意义的有效回归方程。对于同类饲料中具有相同自变量组合的DE及ME预测模型而言,两者之间的差异主要是自变量CP的系数上,且CP部分对ME的正效应低于DE,这保证模型预测的ME低于DE。同时选用本研究构建的适宜模型,补充了NRC第11版成分表中第97(去皮大豆粕,低寡糖,浸提)、101(全脂大豆,高蛋白质)及102号(全脂大豆,低寡糖)饲料的DE值分别为15.99、17.35、17.27 MJ/kg,ME值分别为14.53、16.15和16.14 MJ/kg。综上,以NRC(2012)饲料营养成分表为基础,建立的普适性有效能值回归模型预测效果较差。按照玉米类和大豆类进行分类,可建立DE、ME和NE与饲料化学成分之间的多元回归方程,其中最优的预测因子为CP、EE、ST、ash、NDF、ADF。具有相同自变量的同类饲料DE和ME预测模型之间的差异是CP系数,CP影响DE转化为ME的效率。     

羊肚菌固体发酵转化厨余垃圾制取饲料的研究

厨余垃圾的无害化处理与资源化利用是我国生活垃圾处理的重要方面.为探索羊肚菌转化厨余垃圾制取饲料的最佳工艺,进而实现厨余垃圾的饲料化利用,利用食用蕈菌羊肚菌对厨余垃圾进行了固体发酵实验.结果表明,当厨余垃圾和辅料豆渣按1∶1质量比混合,发酵时间为20 d,发酵温度为25℃,PH在自然状态下,含水率为65%,接种量为15%时,饲料中粗蛋白质含量提高幅度最大,最终含量都在20%以上,且粗脂肪含量均小于17%,粗纤维含量小于16%,符合国家蛋白饲料标准的要求.     

武陵山区苎麻饲料开发研究与应用前景

阐述了传统苎麻产业面临的问题,主要有产业规模较小,纺织能力下降;麻纱出口数量及金额持续下滑;苎麻种植劳动力缺乏,种植效益低、成本高。武陵山区饲料苎麻产业开发前景广阔,主要是因为该区畜牧业发展饲料需求量大,苎麻饲料开发潜力大,苎麻饲料化可缓解武陵山区饲料短缺问题,开发苎麻饲料可以促使山区农民脱贫致富、促进当地社会、经济与生态和谐发展。分析了武陵山区发展饲料苎麻产业的优势条件,如气候条件适宜,饲料苎麻作物生物产量高,饲用品质好,并且已有较好技术支撑。对饲料苎麻产业开发提出了开展饲料苎麻种植技术研究、开展饲料苎麻利用技术研究、开展饲料苎麻收获与加工机械研究的建议。     

Digestibility of selected feedstuffs in subadult Caspian great sturgeon,Huso huso using settlement faecal collection and stripping methods

Apparent crude protein (ADC_CP), crude fat (ADC_CF) and gross energy (ADC_GE) digestibility coefficients of several typical and novel feedstuffs were determined to be employed in the formulated diets of subadult beluga (17.70 ± 0.234 kg) diets via two faecal collection methods of settlement (SFCM) and stripping (StM). The tested feedstuffs included three fish meals, three terrestrial animal by‐products, three plant protein concentrates, nine high‐protein plant meals and three low plant protein meals. ADC_CP values varied in different fish meals ranging from 89.5% for Mexican sardine meal to 93.2% for anchovy meal with SFCM. ADC_CP values for plant protein concentrates ranged from 82.8% for wheat gluten meal to 92% for soy protein with SFCM. ADC_CP ranged from 37.2% for whole wheat to 75.6% for spirulina meal with SFCM. ADC_GE was lower in low‐protein plant meals (64.1%) in comparison to high‐protein plant meals (70.2%). Fish meals showed the highest ADC_CF values. A significant (P < 0.05) quadratic regression relation (r² = 0.92) was observed among in vivo ADC_CP of five feedstuff classes fed to beluga and in vitro ADC_CP. The differences among ADC values appear to be significantly related to the effects of feedstuffs and therefore diet and faecal collection methods.     

花生秧、壳在饲料行业中的应用现状

我国是花生（Arachis hypogaea）生产大国,花生秧、壳资源丰富,对花生秧、壳的综合利用不仅可以有效提高该产业的经济效益,而且有益于畜牧业的可持续发展。本研究综述了花生秧、壳的营养特性;探讨了作为一种优质的粗饲料来源,花生秧与甘薯（Ipomoea batatas）、玉米(Zea mays)秸秆等混合青贮的模式;以及花生壳作为膳食纤维、着色剂及抗氧化剂源等在饲料行业中的综合应用现状,旨在为合理有效地利用花生资源提供理论参考。     

茶粕渣急性毒性评价

采用急性经口毒性试验方法对茶粕渣的毒性进行了评价,为茶粕渣能否作为一种新型饲料原料被养殖所利用奠定了基础。试验证明,茶粕渣在5500mg/kg体重的剂量下具有极低毒性反应,并且无死亡。根据剂量进行毒性分级,属于实际无毒的毒性等级,初步认为茶粕渣有用做饲料原料的潜力。     

Fat Quality Assessments of Feed-Grade and Pet Food-Grade Poultry By-Product Meals

Ether extract composition of poultry by-product meal (PBM) varies among feed-grade and pet food-grade sources. Because feed-grade PBM contains a wider variety of processing residues than pet food-grade PBM, it is presumed to be of lower fat quality (i.e., stability). This potential difference in fat quality, or stability, between PBM sources can be accentuated by high environmental temperatures. A total of 46 PBM samples (25 feed-grade and 21 pet food-grade) were collected from commercial feed mills located in the southeastern US within 60-d intervals during the winter and summer months.For samples from winter collection, feed-grade PBM had lower fat stability than pet food-grade PBM. Conversely, pet food-grade PBM samples received in the summer were characterized as having poor stability, and the amount of analyzed residual antioxidant concentration in pet food-grade PBM was half that found in the feed-grade PBM samples. Seasonal effects appeared to be related to the extent of fat oxidation. In general, samples obtained in the summer had poor stability when compared with those collected during the winter, regardless of source. These results confirmed that fat in PBM requires an adequate amount of antioxidant protection, even when meals are derived from prime offal components.     

饲料中鸡源性成分PCR-DHPLC检测方法的建立

以鸡组织为材料,提取鸡组织的线粒体DNA,以鸡12SrRNA基因为靶基因设计引物,PCR反应扩增片段230bp;用13种畜禽和水产动物线粒体DNA验证该PCR引物的特异性,结果只有鸡线粒体DNA为阳性;PCR-DHPLC检测灵敏度在DNA水平上达到了2.04mg/L;在随机采集的22份饲料样品中,检出8份鸡源性成分样品。结果表明,本研究建立的PCR-DHPLC方法可特异、灵敏地对饲料中的鸡源性成分进行快速准确检测。