Growth performance,robustness against stress,serum insulin,IGF‐1 and GLUT4 gene expression of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fed diet containing graded levels of creatine

The experimental diets containing five levels of creatine supplementation, namely control (N = 0 g/kg creatine), B1 (1.00 g/kg glycine), B2 (0.40 g/kg creatine), B3 (0.80 g/kg creatine) and B4 (1.20 g/kg creatine) were tested to red tilapia up to apparent satiation 3 times a day for 56 days. After the feeding trial, fish were stressed by air exposure for challenge test against stress. The results described that creatine supplementation improved final body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein retention. Creatine supplementation decreased blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p < .05), indicating more effective usage of non‐protein energy. Furthermore, creatine supplementation also increased plasma insulin levels and upregulated IGF‐1 and GLUT4 gene expressions in the liver significantly; it also improved robustness against stress, which was shown by higher superoxide dismutase, higher postchallenge survival and plasma cortisol, malondialdehyde and lower glucose levels. In conclusion, creatine supplementation at a dose of 0.289–0.389 g/kg diet escalated fish growth and improved robustness against stress via improving the SOD activity in red tilapia.     

草鱼3个6-磷酸葡萄糖酶催化亚基的基因表达分析及高糖饲料对其表达的影响

为了探讨6-磷酸葡萄糖酶催化亚基(glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit,G6PC)在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)糖代谢中的作用,采用同源序列比对的方式,在草鱼基因组中获取了3个g6pc基因的序列,通过序列比对和进化树分析,将其分别命名为g6pca、g6pcb1和g6pcb2,其编码的氨基酸序列与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和人(Homo sapiens)具有较高的同源性,相似度分别为85%～94%、64%～83%和54%～66%。同线性分析表明g6pc在草鱼染色体上的分布与斑马鱼等高度相似,表明草鱼g6pc基因在进化中具有较高的保守性。利用RT-PCR检测3个基因在鳃、脂肪、脑、心脏、肝、肾、前肠、中肠、后肠和肌肉10个组织中的表达,结果显示, g6pca在脑和肝中表达量较高,脂肪组织次之; g6pcb1在肝中表达量最高,中肠次之; g6pcb2在心脏表达量最高,其次为脂肪组织。同时探讨了高糖饲料对草鱼不同g6pc亚型转录水平的影响,以及不同浓度葡萄糖和胰岛素刺激草鱼肝细胞(L8824)后对g6pca转录水平的影响。结果显示,饲喂高糖饲料(7周)后,与对照组相比,草鱼肝脏g6pca mRNA水平显著升高, g6pcb1和g6pcb2 mRNA水平无显著变化。离体情况,与5 mmol/L葡萄糖组相比,15 mmol/L葡萄糖显著增加了L8824的g6pca mRNA水平,且1 mol/L胰岛素可以抑制这种作用; 30 mmol/L葡萄糖对L8824 g6pca mRNA水平无显著性影响。本研究表明,草鱼g6pc发生加倍后存在功能分化,高糖可以诱导g6pca mRNA的表达,而对g6pcb1和g6pcb2的转录水平无影响,其具体功能还需进一步研究。     

Ligand-binding characteristics of feline insulin-binding immunoglobulin G

Polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) G autoantibodies against insulin have been identified in sera of healthy cats. We purified and fractionated insulin-binding IgGs from cat sera by affinity chromatography and analyzed affinity of insulin-binding IgGs for insulin and their epitopes. Following the passing of fraction A, which did not bind to insulin, insulin-binding IgGs were eluted into two fractions, B and C, by affinity chromatography using a column fixed with bovine insulin. Dissociation constant (KD) values between insulin-binding IgGs and insulin, determined by surface plasmon resonance analysis (Biacore™system), were 1.64e⁻⁴ M for fraction B (low affinity IgGs) and 2e⁻⁵ M for fraction C (high affinity IgGs). Epitope analysis was conducted using 16 peptide fragments synthesized in concord with the amino acid sequence of feline insulin by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fractions B and C showed higher absorbance (affinity) of the peptide fragment of 10 amino acid residues at the carboxyl-terminal of the B chain (peptide No. 19), followed by peptide fragments of 6 to 15 amino acid residues of the B chain (peptide No. 8). Fraction C showed a higher absorbance to 7 to 16 amino acid residues of the B chain (peptide No. 5) compared with the absorbance of fraction B. Polyclonal insulin-binding IgGs may form a macromolecule complex with insulin through the multiple affinity sites of IgG molecules. Feline insulin-binding IgGs are multifocal and may be composed of multiple IgG components and insulin.     

灵芝活性组分在小鼠体内的降糖功效研究

为了探究灵芝活性组分灵芝多肽、多糖的降血糖机理,采用四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠模型,经不同组分灵芝提取物灌胃连续4周后测定空腹血糖值、胰岛素浓度、肝糖原、肌糖原含量、肝脏SOD活性MDA含量。结果表明,灵芝多糖能有效增加小鼠血清胰岛素浓度(P0.05);灵芝多肽和多糖可显著降低糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖含量,降糖率分别为19.1%和29.8%;显著增强小鼠肝脏SOD活性(P0.05),升高率分别为13.4%和19.7%;降低肝脏MDA含量(P0.05),且分别降低了27.8%和35.1%。     

Replacement of de‐oiled rice bran by soaked and fermented sweet potato leaf meal: Effect on growth performance,body composition and expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 in Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to determine the growth performance and expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 gene (IGF‐I gene) in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed with either raw, soaked or fermented sweet potato leaf meal (SPLM) by completely replacing de‐oiled rice bran (DORB), following a completely randomized design. Seven isonitrogenous (30%) and isocaloric (1.8 MJ/100 g) diets were prepared by replacing DORB with 50% and 100% raw, soaked and fermented sweet potato leaf meal, maintaining DORB‐containing diets as a control. Weight gain %, SGR (specific growth rate) and PER (protein efficiency ratio) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher when 100% DORB was replaced by fermented SPLM in comparison to other treatment groups. The fermented and soaked SPLM‐fed groups had registered with lower FCR value. The expression of growth regulating gene IGF‐I mRNA and RNA/DNA ratio was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in soaked and fermented SPLM‐fed groups. In this study, the body protein and lipid composition did not vary significantly (p > 0.05). Hence, the study concludes that the fermented sweet potato leaf meal using Chaetomium globosum can replace 100% DORB in the diet of Labeo rohita without any detrimental effect on growth performance.