自动板栗脱壳机的设计

针对目前板栗脱壳过程中主要依靠手工剥壳,手指极易被板栗刺壳上坚硬的刺刺伤,以及劳动强度大、生产效率低的问题,设计了一种新型的自动板栗脱壳机。该机采用胶皮与螺纹钢揉挤的方式将板栗刺与板栗米分开,同时采用鼓风机搭配输送带的方式进行分离。实际测试结果表明,该机采用的脱壳方式和分离方式新颖,能最大限度地将板栗米与板栗刺剥离,且能实现两者的自动分离,对于减轻栗农劳动强度,缩短栗子从采摘到上市的时间发挥了极大作用,值得进一步推广普及。     

Study on Fans Cooling of Dairy Cowshed with Free Stall in Northern Mountainous Region of Hebei in Summer

The present objective of the study was to investigate the effect of fans cooling on dairy cow in northern mountainous region of Hebei in summer.Two cowsheds with the same structure and feeding technics were used to investigate the effect of fans on indoor temperature and humidity, physiological parameters and milking performance of dairy cow.The results showed that the average ambient temperature in cowshed with fans was 1.5℃ lower than that of the control cowshed, and the average wind velocity was 0.49 m/s higher than that of the control cowshed, reaching to 0.66 m/s.Temperature-humidity index (THI) of cowshed with fans was significantly lower than that of the control shed during the period of fans running (P<0.05).Besides, the rectal temperature and respiration rate of dairy cows in cowshed with fans were significantly lower than of the control cowshed (P<0.05), and the milk yield per cow per day was 17.0% higher than that of the control cowshed (P<0.05), however, the milk fat, milk protein and milk sugar were no significant difference from the control (P>0.05).Overall, fans could decrease indoor environment, moderate heat stress and increase performance and health of dairy cows in northern mountainous region of Hebei.     

横流式风机气动和噪声特性相似定律的研究

通过对两台几何相似但大小不同的横流式的试验，研究了该种风机的相似定律。证实了临界雷诺数的存在，超过该值后，气动和噪声特性的相似定律均成立，且临界值随风机尺寸的增大而增加，同时，风机尺寸以及叶轮与隔舌间的间隙对风机的相似定律也有影响。     

LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETERS FOR THE INDUCED-NOZZLE DEVICE

The standoff of a submerged jet is smaller than a non-submerged jet in general. In order to increase the standoff of a submerged jet, the induced-nozzle device is presented with its inducing mechanism analysed in this paper. Under the various inducing medium, the effect of the ratio d2/d1 upon the device's properties is measured. Some reasonable parameters are given. When d2/d1=2.0, approximate straight region of the curve of the jet center line stagnation pressure varying with the standoff is L/d1= l0~12 for inducing air. The induced-nozzle device is compared with the conventional nozzle for shotting some samples. Several applied possibilities of the device are discussed.     

喷油嘴流量系数对柴油机性能的影响

研究了喷油嘴流量系数变化对单缸直喷柴油机性能的影响。结果表明,增大流量系数对ZH1105柴油机标定工况和低速大转矩工况的烟度和燃油消耗率有明显影响。通过对燃油喷雾的分析,揭示了流量系数影响柴油机性能的原因。     

缩放型喷嘴空化射流空泡云演化规律的试验研究

基于高速摄影技术对缩放型喷嘴进行空化射流试验,以揭示不同进口压力下空化射流流场特性,分析进口压力对空泡云演化规律的影响.结果表明:淹没式空化射流形成的泡云呈周期性变化,即在1个周期内包含空化初生、发展、脱落、溃灭4个不同阶段,并在空泡云脱落时达到最大的空泡面积、密度和宽度.由于随着射流入口压力的增大,喷嘴形成的射流速度加快,在射流边界层内速度梯度增大、射流核心区与伴随流的剪切作用增强,高速射流所产生的空泡云长度、面积和密度均呈增大趋势.同时,随着进口压力的增大,边界层内湍动能增大,加剧了部分流体的不规则运动,导致空泡云边界更加模糊且呈交错分布,空泡云的脱落频率不断增大.研究结果对提高空化射流在金属材料强化和石油钻井、破岩等领域的应用具有重要的理论意义和指导价值.     

螺旋型喷嘴雾化及流量特性实验

分析了几种常用的表征液滴尺寸的参数以及喷嘴的流量及雾化特性,用因次分析的方法建立并回归了TF型喷嘴的雾化准则关系式。通过实验研究了TF6喷嘴的几种雾化液滴直径随喷雾压力变化的规律,建立了TF6喷嘴的流量与喷雾压力之间的关联式。实验表明,随着喷雾压力的升高,喷嘴的流量增大,雾滴的各种直径均降低,但喷雾压力对雾滴直径的影响是有限度的。     

离心风机串联吸气特性的试验研究

离心风机是最常用风机的一种，广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域。为此，在离心风机单机吸气性能试验的基础上，进行了离心风机串联吸气性能试验，得出了串联吸气性能与单机吸气性能的关系，以及适于串联的工况条件，为串联风机的参数选择提供了试验依据。     

全圆旋转摇臂式喷头的非圆形域喷洒

喷头的射程及其变化规律决定喷洒域的大小和形状,而喷嘴前的水流压力和喷嘴直径则是影响喷头射程的主要因素。在分析喷嘴前水流压力与喷头出流量关系、喷头射程与喷头出水流量之间的关系的基础上,提出了在喷头座的下端增加一个流量调节附加装置可实现全圆旋转摇臂式喷头的非圆形域喷洒方案。采用具有“十”字孔结构的流量调节器,十字孔的宽度为πd嘴/4,长度为5πd嘴/8,可实现方形喷洒。     

林木病虫害防治施药机的风机选型分析

通过对常用典型风机工作性能和结构特点的分析,结合林木病虫害风送施药防治的要求,提出针对不同高度林木风送施药防治病虫害设备在选用风机类型时的建议和原则。