工厂化代料栽培花菇技术研究初报

本文主要研究工厂化代料栽培花菇技术，根据花菇成因及香菇菌丝生长、原基分化、花菇形成三个阶段所要求的生态条件不同，分别按三个阶段设计了培养室、催蕾室、催化室，利用设施人工调控工艺条件，进行菌丝培养、催蕾和催花管理，使花菇产量和质量大大提高，小试获得了８０％的花菇率，比室外高棚层架方式提高近１倍。     

北京中山地区非石灰性土壤发生分类的研究

利用剖面形态、微形态、理化分析、粘粘x衍射分析等结果,对北京中山地区土壤的发生过程和分类问题进行了研究。首次提出尘暴降尘物质对土壤发生过程的滞缓作用。若土壤分类上采用pH(KCI),北京中山地区非石灰性土壤应属于暗棕壤。在土壤分类特征上,为在山地普遍应用中避免估算和推测造成混乱,建议采用反映该地区水分和温度状况的植被。     

CASIO fx-4500P/4800P计算器在伐倒木区分求积中的应用

对CASIO fx-4500P/4800P 型计算器在伐倒木区分求积中的应用进行了阐述.给出了按不同的区分方法和求积算法计算树干材积的方法、程序及相应的材积误差率.列出了程序流程及清单,并对其使用作了说明.     

鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris filix-mas)天山云杉林倒木更新分析

对西天山国家级自然保护区1 hm2典型鳞毛蕨天山云杉林临时标准地内,倒木对更新的影响进行了研究.结果表明:①研究区中所有倒木的平均倾倒方向为西北方向,具有更新个体存在的倒木平均倾倒方向为东北方向;②倒木的倾倒方向对倒木的更新没有显著影响(F3,51=0.645,P=0.589),而倒木的腐朽等级对倒木的更新存在显著影响(F2,51=3.215,P=0.048);③不同腐朽等级倒木上幼苗、幼树的出现概率不同,能为幼苗、幼树生长提供生境的倒木只有腐朽等级高的Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ级倒木,且倒木腐朽等级越高,对幼苗、幼树的生长越有利.     

原木内部腐朽应力波二维图像的获取与分析

应用Arbotom应力波检测系统,对东北林区3个针叶树种(云杉、冷杉、落叶松)和9个阔叶树种(白桦、色木、椴木、杨木、水曲柳、核桃楸、榆木、铁木和柞木)的原木内部腐朽进行检测,并对原木内部腐朽面积的实际估算值和检测估算值进行比较分析.结果表明:Arbotom应力波无损检测系统可以获取原木内部腐朽的二维图像,但检测准确率较低,建议采用多点测量和改进应力波测试仪器,以提高检测准确率.     

秦岭火地塘林区倒木及其土壤化学元素含量特征

以秦岭火地塘林区油松和漆树倒木为研究对象,采用国际倒木腐烂等级划分方法,测定其 5 个腐烂等级的6种化学元素( C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg) 的含量,分析倒木对土壤化学元素的影响。结果表明: 油松倒木5个腐烂等级间 C 含量没有显著差异,而漆树倒木 C 含量随着分解显著递减; 漆树和油松Ⅴ级倒木的 N 含量随着分解显著递增; Mg 含量在油松倒木分解过程中无显著差异,在漆树倒木分解后期显著增加; P,K,Ca 含量在漆树和油松分解过程中都无显著差异,但 P 和 Ca 含量随着油松和漆树倒木的腐烂呈线性增加,K 含量随油松和漆树倒木分解呈线性下降。油松和漆树倒木下土壤 C 含量随着土层加深而显著减少,K,Ca,Mg 含量随土层加深无显著差异; 土壤 C含量随倒木腐烂显著递增,N,P,Ca,Mg 含量随倒木分解无显著差异。该研究揭示倒木分解过程中各种化学元素的变化规律,对促进秦岭森林生态系统物质循环和制定林木更新措施有重要的参考价值。     

How well does a log decay-class system capture the ecology of decomposition? - A case-study from Tasmanian Eucalyptus obliqua forest

The use of decay-class systems in characterising the state of decomposition of a forest’s complement of rotting logs is widespread. While most systems are based on an assessment of logs’ external characteristics, there is an implicit assumption that doing so captures important information on the underlying processes of internal decomposition. However, the validity of this remains largely untested. We explored the relationship between decay-class and internal state of decomposition in logs of Eucalyptus obliqua in the lowland wet eucalypt forests of Southern Tasmania, Australia. We examined rotten-wood samples from a large population of logs across a wide range of diameters. From this we determined that smaller-diameter (<60 cm: regrowth-sized) logs differ from larger-diameter (>60 cm: mature-sized) logs in their pathways of internal decomposition. Decomposition in regrowth-sized logs is characterised by greater activity of surface rots, with white rot-types predominating. Decomposition in mature-sized logs is more concentrated in the interior of the log, with brown rot-types tending to dominate. These differences probably both reflect and help shape the communities of organisms inhabiting logs of different origins. Despite these differences, regrowth and mature-sized logs show the same general progression of internal decomposition across the five decay-classes, to the extent that each class represents logs that have lost a predictable proportion of their original mass. We conclude that a decay-class system that is restricted to a single dimension, such as the five-class system used for E. obliqua, will be quite able to capture the main trajectory of biomass loss, but will not be able to characterise the complexity of the ecological processes giving rise to this loss. Studies that employ single-dimension decay classes, and which aggregate decay-class data across logs, can be given added ecological meaning by first partitioning logs into diameter-classes that reflect the underlying differences in the maturity of the trees giving rise to the logs. For E. obliqua logs, a cut-off diameter of 60 cm offers an appropriate distinction between regrowth-aged and mature-aged trees.     

闽江木材水运技术改革的研究

本文介绍了闽江木材水运的现状,提出并论证了在水口水电站建成后,适合于闽江木材水运的方式为拖轮拖运木捆排的方案;结合闽江航道的情况,研究了木捆排的尺寸及型式,并分析了将目前的单层木排拖运改革为木捆排拖运的经济效益。     

秦岭火地塘天然次生油松林倒木储量与分解

粗头直径≥10cm,长度通常≥1m,倾斜度超过45°的死木质残体称为倒木(Harmonetal.,1996)。倒木是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,在森林生态系统中倒木与生产者、消费者、分解者之间都有着密切的营养关系,其结构与功能相互制约,相互影响。倒木对森林中生产者的更新有着不容忽视的作用,为各类植物提供了生境,而且还对森林生态系统的演替起着重要的作用(侯平等,2001);倒木对消费     

Effects of management on coarse woody debris volume and composition in boreal forests in northern Sweden

Forest management practices have led to a reduction in the volume and a change in the composition of coarse woody debris (CWD) in many forest types. This study compared CWD volume and composition in reserves and two types of managed forest in the central boreal zone of Sweden. Ten areas were surveyed, each containing clear-cut, mature managed and old-growth stands, to determine the volume of standing and lying CWD in terms of species composition, decay class and size class. Volumes of CWD on clear-cuts and in mature managed forests were high compared with previous studies. Old-growth forests (72.6 m³ ha^?1) contained a greater volume of CWD than mature managed forests (23.3 m³ ha^?1) and clear-cuts (13.6 m³ ha^?1). Differences were greatest for the larger size classes and intermediate decay stages. Despite stand ages being up to 144 years, CWD volume and composition in managed forests was more similar to clear-cuts than to old-growth forests.