海南甘薯主栽品种再生体系的优化

本研究以海南甘薯主栽品种‘心香’、‘广薯87’、‘川山紫’、‘宁紫薯1号’、‘薯绿一号’、‘高系14’和‘三角宁’为材料,从外植体的选择、不同消毒方案、培养基配方和防褐化剂筛选等方面进行研究,建立一套适合热带地区甘薯主栽品种的脱毒快繁优化再生体系。结果表明：侧芽增殖率与存活率最高;在不同的外植体消毒处理中,依次用75%酒精消毒60 s,2% NaClO消毒15 min,以及0.1% HgCl₂消毒15 min的污染率最低;最佳的生根培养基配方为：MS+0.05 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L GA₃;茎长生长最快的培养基配方为：MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L GA₃;干重增长最快的培养基配方为：MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L GA₃;在培养基中加入5~6 g/L硫代硫酸钠和1.25 g/L聚乙烯吡咯烷酮能有效地抑制外植体的褐变。     

红花山玉兰组织培养外植体的选择及其消毒方法

为筛选出红花山玉兰组织培养适宜的外植体类型及其消毒方法，为红花山玉兰的无性繁殖提供技术支持，对灭菌时间、外植体类型和取材时间等进行研究。结果表明：茎段和顶芽的存活率分别为40．0％和33．33％，较叶片和叶柄的存活率高，且茎段和顶芽的存活率较叶片的存在显著差异，二者的死亡率均与叶柄和叶片的存在显著差异；茎段和顶芽为适宜的外植体。茎段在6月取材优于12月，且采用0．1％的升汞消毒10 min，其存活率为40．0％；顶芽在6月和12月取材均可，消毒后去除托叶能够有效地降低顶芽的污染率，提高其存活率。最佳消毒组合：先用75％的酒精表面喷洒预处理，再用0．1％的升汞消毒10 min，之后去除顶芽的托叶。该方法污染率和死亡率低，存活率最高，依次分别为6．67％、7．78％和85．55％，且芽启动率高。     

Mutation breeding of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. using in vivo and in vitro adventitious bud techniques

Summary During experiments, which are being carried out to study the factors which control the process of adventitious bud formation in vivo on detached leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram, adventitious shoots were produced from leaves, irradiated with 500 rad of X-rays. The most important but disadvantageous result was that the majority of the adventitious shoots proved to be of a chimeral nature and obviously developed from more than one cell.An in vitro adventitious bud technique was developed using different types of explants. Pedicel segments regenerated the highest number of adventitious shoots and, moreover, they developed faster as compared to explants of young flower heads or leaves. The mutants produced by irradiating the various explants were almost exclusively of a solid (non-chimeral) nature. In addition, histological observations suggest that single epidermal cells are involved in the initiation of the adventitious shoot apices.The optimum dose for mutant production is approximately 800 rad X-rays. Rather often, more than one phenotypically identical mutant was found, which was always derived from the same explant. They could for instance originate from a multi-apical meristem formed by a single mutated cell.     

Tissue culture micropropagation of Douglas-fir

A procedure was developed for plantlet production from embryos of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco]. The Medium for Conifer Morphogenesis, used at full strength, and supplemented with 10 M benzyladenine for 17 days produced an average of 6.8 shoots on more than 90% of the embryos. The percentage of shoot-forming embryos as well as the average number of shoots per embryo varied significantly among eight seedlots. For secondary multiplication, 89% of the adventitious shoots produced axillary buds on MCM with 5 M benzyladenine. However, 0.5 M BA was more suitable for the elongation of axillaries. Rooting ranged from 0–87% depending upon the treatment. The highest percentage was obtained with a 7-week incubation in peat:perlite containing 1/5-strength medium, 1% sucrose and 2.7 M naphthaleneacetic acid, followed by 5 weeks on peat:perlite with 1/5-strength major and minor salts, full iron and organics, 1% sucrose and 0.1% charcoal.     

黄花矶松组织培养技术

以黄花矶松的种子为材料,经过消毒后接种在不同激素水平的MS培养基上诱导小苗。结果表明:(1)MS 6BA0.3 NAA0.05培养基诱导率最高;(2)在不同配方的增殖培养基中MS 6-BA0.3 NAA0.6培养基的分化系数最高,苗长势最强;(3)在不同浓度的生根剂中MS/2 IBA0.6 NAA0.2培养基生根率最高,生根时间最短,且生根较一致,根系较发达,苗叶色正常,褐化程度较弱。     

川中岛白桃离体培养

为了实现快速繁育川中岛白桃无菌苗,以川中岛白桃当年生健壮枝条上的嫩芽为外植体,进行离体组织培养,筛选出无菌苗培养、芽增殖和不定芽诱导生根等不同阶段激素的最佳组合。无菌苗的最佳培养基为MS BA 1.0 mg/L IBA 0.1 mg/L,出芽率达74.0%。芽增殖的最佳培养基为MS BA 1.5 mg/L IBA 0.2 mg/L,增殖系数达7.67。最佳生根培养基为1/2MS IBA 1.0 mg/L,生根率达86.7%,生根数为7.56条/株。     

梨组培褐化及抗褐措施研究进展

从褐化的发生机制、影响褐化的因素以及抗褐措施等方面,对近几年在梨组培上的相关研究进展进行了概述,并结合当前研究中存在的问题,对今后梨组培褐化研究的发展提出了展望。     

儿茶素对蝴蝶兰叶片离体培养褐变发生的影响

用0.3 g/L儿茶素处理蝴蝶兰叶片外植体,在MS+3 mg/L 6-BA(pH 5.8)培养基上培养4 d,外植体褐变率高于对照227.6%.用香草醛-盐酸溶液染色反应法发现鞣质分布在维管束和细胞间隙.叶片剪切的外植体(培养0 d)鞣质含量较高,培养4 d降低,8 d后再升高.儿茶素处理的外植体鞣质含量明显高于对照.在培养期间,儿茶素处理的外植体PPO、POD和PAL活性高于对照外植体,其中POD活性在第8天达到最大值,PPO和PAL活性在培养第12天达到高峰.     

A Simple Method of Inducing Somatic Embryogenesis in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.

A single-step method for the induction and development of somatic embryoids from hypocotyls explains of Brassica juncea is reported. On modified MS medium containing 2 % sucrose, 0.25 mgl ¹ 2,4-D, 0.5 mgl ¹ each of NAA and BaP-R, each explant calluses at both of and at its best, 31% of explants produce embryoids. In the variety RLM-198, the number of embryoids ranges from 8–21 per culture. Each embryoid, upon proliferation, developed up to the 25 shoots. The method is rapid; the time La ken from inoculation to the development of intact plantlets is 8–10 weeks. Regenerated plants have flowered normally and have set seed. The system can profitably be used for in vitro mutant selection and early bulking in mustard.     

牡丹组织培养研究进展

本文从牡丹组织培养对品种、外植体的选择、基本培养基类型、生长调节物质选择和组培苗的移栽等方面论述了牡丹组织培养的研究现状。牡丹的组织培养中,外植体多采用胚、腋芽、顶芽、茎尖、幼叶、叶柄和土芽(地下芽)等,并且培养经过低温诱导后的鳞芽,可显著提高萌发率;在愈伤组织诱导试验中,选择分化程度较低的材料(如土芽),容易脱分化,获得愈伤组织;在牡丹的增殖培养中,6-BA起到了不可或缺的作用;生根培养中常使用的生长调节物质有IBA、NAA和IAA。此外,还探讨了牡丹组织培养研究中存在的问题,以及未来的研究和发展方向。