Advance on Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute,febrile and highly contagious animal disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV),and has been recognized as the most important constraint to international trade in animals and animal products.An outstanding feature for FMDV infection is that the FMDV infected animals may remain as a carrier state,some of the animals exposed to FMDV may have a long term asymptomatic infection.This article will review the advance of FMDV in the following aspects,epidemiology,etiology and pathogenesis.     

安徽省北部地区猪高热病流行病学调查

2008年7月,安徽省北部地区生猪出现疫病,表现为不食、高热等特征,为查明病因,进行流行病学调查,同时采集发病猪群样品进行病原学和血清学检测。结果137份血清样品中,HPRRSV、PRRSV、PPV带毒率分别为25.5%、23.4%、37.9%;PRRSV、SIV(H1N1、H3N2)抗体阳性率分别为86.5%、9.49%和3.65%,仔猪CSFV抗体免疫合格率为50%;6份组织样品中HPRRSV、PRRSV、CSFV、PRV、PPV带毒率分别为50%、100%、66.7%、33.3%、33.3%。表明引起本次猪病为PRRSV、CSFV、PPV等多种病原体混合感染。     

尼帕病毒流行病学研究进展

尼帕病是由副黏病毒科中的尼帕病毒引起的新型烈性人畜共患传染病,其严重威胁人类与猪等动物的健康。作者就尼帕病毒的病原学特征、流行病学和临床症状等进行了概述,以期初步了解尼帕病毒。     

非洲猪瘟病原学检测技术研究进展

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)感染家猪和野猪而引起的一种急性烈性、高度接触性传染病,到目前为止仍未研制出有效疫苗,因此病原的早发现对ASF防控尤为重要。ASFV的病原学检测主要包括活病毒检测、核酸检测和抗原检测。活病毒检测中,病毒分离和红细胞吸附试验均耗时较长,且对实验室要求较高,通常只有被参考实验室采用。病毒核酸检测中,普通PCR和实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)是OIE推荐的首选诊断方法,其特异性和灵敏度均较高,但操作复杂、成本高;等温扩增技术操作简单、成本低,不需要特殊仪器,检测时间短、携带方便、灵敏度高,适用于屠宰场、养殖场现场检测,但因特异性不高,需要不断更新和改进;微流控芯片法具有样品消耗少、检测速度快、操作简便、便于携带等优点,但检测成本高,需要特定的设备,尚未被广泛使用。抗原检测技术中,荧光抗体检测(FAT)对实验室要求较高,不适合现场检测;夹心ELISA和胶体金免疫试纸条检测快速,操作简单,检测成本低,但敏感性和特异性还需改进。ASF病原学检测技术虽很成熟,但各有不足,所以应根据实际情况结合使用。     

梅迪-维斯纳病毒研究进展

梅迪-维斯纳病毒又称绵羊进行性肺炎病毒,是绵羊进行性肺炎的病原,属于逆转录病毒科、慢病毒属.其致病过程与人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)相似,因此可以作为HIV感染的动物的研究模型.论文综述了梅迪一维斯纳病毒的病原学,阐述了致病机理、免疫逃避机理及引起宿主的免疫反应,并对未来的防控研究工作进行展望.     

Nasal tumor in a fallow deer (Dama dama L). A case report

A nasal, so called ethmoidal, tumor from a fallow deer is described. It appears to be the first reported case of that species. The etiology is discussed.     

山东规模化养殖场毛皮动物多重感染病原学分析

2012—2013年间,山东10个地市多家毛皮动物养殖场养殖的毛皮动物（狐狸、貉子、水貂）出现腹泻,皮肤湿疹,神经症状,空怀、流产、出血性肺炎等症状和病变类似的疫情,为探明其病因,本研究对发病规模化毛皮动物养殖场发病情况进行调查,并对送检的病料进行病原学检查,结果发现,犬瘟热病毒、细小病毒、阿留申病毒感染率分别为54.21%、47.30%、31.35%;肺炎克雷伯菌、奇异变形杆菌、肺炎双球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门杆菌、绿脓杆菌、加德纳菌的感染率分别为37.58%、25.05%、21.81%、14.04%、12.53%、10.37%、8.21%;犬瘟热病毒、细小病毒、阿留申病毒、肺炎克雷伯菌、奇异变形杆菌、肺炎双球菌6种病原的单独感染、二重感染、三重感染、四重感染分别为22.03%、39.52%、36.07%、2.38%,未见五重以上的感染。结果表明,近两年造成山东规模化场毛皮动物发病主要原因是由犬瘟热病毒、细小病毒、阿留申病毒与肺炎克雷伯菌、奇异变形杆菌、肺炎双球菌多重感染所致,这为规模化毛皮动物养殖场有效地控制疫病提供了理论依据。     

新生儿颅内出血危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的：分析新生儿颅内出血危险因素，为妇幼保健服务提供理论依据。方法：采用回顾性研究方法，对l50例新生儿颅内出血的相关因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果：危险因素按OR值排序，依次为窒息、胎盘老化、过期产、新生儿出血、低出生体重儿、滞产、宫内窘迫、呼吸暂停、DIC、母亲出血和酸中毒共11个因素有影响作用。结论：控制该11个危险因素，可降低新生儿颅内出血的发生率。     

双头犊牛的解剖观察与病因学探讨

本文用大体解剖的方法描述了双头畸胎犊牛融合部的形态学特征,探讨病原学。该犊牛两头在枕部融合,颈部、躯干、四肢、内脏都是单一的,发育正常。两头对称生长,大小近于相等。每个头有两个鼻孔、两只眼睛、两个耳廓,被毛整齐。枕骨轴侧面融合牢同,轴侧枕骨髁消失,外侧枕骨髁与环椎相关节,枕骨大孔两个,颈椎6枚,环椎由4块骨构成,枢椎齿突消失。有两个舌、两个喉、一个食道、一个气管。两舌之间有舌骨体间肌相连。除环状软骨融合成一个完整的环外,其余3种喉软骨发育正常,具有一个宽大的喉后腔。每个头有完整的鼻咽部、口咽部、喉咽部。颈总动脉、颈总静脉、迷走交感于各有3条。每个头的脑、脑干、脑神经(除轴侧Ⅺ脊副神经外)发育正常。中枢融合部在脊髓前端,位于环椎的椎管内。畸胎的病原学可能是胚胎内细胞群分化紊乱,胚泡从透明带上浮现所致。     

Characteristic of Inflammatory Airway Disease in Japanese Thoroughbred Racehorses

Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a common cause of poor performance, interruption of training and premature retirement in racehorses. It is also reported that up to 80% of horses are affected at some point in the first years of training in UK and Australia. However, no studies with regard to the information on occurrence of IAD in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses have been reported. To investigate the occurrence and the characteristics of IAD, epidemic research including endoscopic examination of the airway tract and trachea wash was conducted for Thoroughbred racehorses presenting coughs or poor performance which airway tract disease was suspected stalled in training facility managed by Japan Racing Association. Fifty-six out of 76 Thoroughbred racehorses (73.7%) presenting coughing or poor performance were diagnosed as IAD. Mean incidence rate of IAD was 0.3% and it has been confirmed that constant number of IAD exists in Japan. Up to 35.7% of IAD horses showed upper airway abnormalities in some extent. There was a trend for IAD horses to use wood shavings for bedding and fed hay from the ground compared with the control group. Therefore, improvement of stabling environment may aid in preventing IAD. This study demonstrated that Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses are affected by IAD likewise other countries as well as demonstrated the characteristics of IAD which may contribute to the clarification of the pathogenesis of IAD.