安络小皮伞提取物对运动外伤的镇痛作用

为研究安络小皮伞提取物对运动外伤的镇痛作用,对其所含生物碱、多糖和麦角甾醇类等物质进行了定性检测并进行了小鼠醋酸扭体和小鼠热板镇痛试验。结果表明,安络小皮伞提取物中含有的成分能够消除并缓解小鼠各种神经疼痛,具有抗炎镇痛的功效。     

Do same-aged but different height Norway spruce (Picea abies) clones affect soil microbial community?

The influence of individual trees in monocrop forests on soil microbial communities is poorly understood. We measured basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), bacterial growth rate with the ³H-thymidine incorporation technique and fungal growth rate as ¹⁴C-acetate incorporation into ergosterol to investigate whether slow- and fast-growing 12-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies) clones have affected differently on their associated soil microbial communities. Understorey vegetation, soil chemical properties and elemental concentrations of needles were also determined. The slow- and fast-growing spruce clones differed in PLFA profiles, understorey vegetation and elemental concentrations in needles suggesting that spruce clones have directly or indirectly affected soil microbes.     

Long‐term effects of leguminous cover crops on microbial indices and their relationships in soils of a coconut plantation of a humid tropical region

In this study, leguminous crops like Atylosia scarabaeoides, Centrosema pubescens, Calopogonium mucunoides, and Pueraria phaseoloides. grown as soil cover individually in the interspaces of a 19‐yr‐old coconut plantation in S. Andaman (India) were assessed for their influence on various microbial indices (microbial biomass C, biomass N, basal respiration, ergosterol, levels of ATP, AMP, ADP) in soils (0–50 cm) collected from these plots after 10 years. The effects of these cover crops on . CO₂ (metabolic quotient), adenylate energy charge (AEC), and the ratios of various soil microbial properties viz., biomass C : soil organic C, biomass C : N, biomass N : total N, ergosterol : biomass C, and ATP : biomass C were also examined. Cover cropping markedly enhanced the levels of organic matter and microbial activity in soils after the 10‐yr‐period. Microbial biomass C and N, basal respiration, . CO₂, ergosterol and levels of ATP, AMP, ADP in the cover‐cropped plots significantly exceeded the corresponding values in the control plot. While the biomass C : N ratio tended to decrease, the ratios of biomass N : total N, ergosterol : biomass C, and ATP : biomass C increased significantly due to cover cropping. Greater ergosterol : biomass C ratio in the cover‐cropped plots indicated a decomposition pathway dominated by fungi, and high . CO₂ levels in these plots indicated a decrease in substrate use efficiency probably due to the dominance of fungi. The AEC levels ranged from 0.80 to 0.83 in the cover‐cropped plots, thereby reflecting greater microbial proliferation and activity. The ratios of various microbial and chemical properties could be assigned to three different factors by principal components analysis. The first factor (PC1) with strong loadings of ATP : biomass C ratio, AEC, and . CO₂ reflected the specific metabolic activity of soil microbes. The ratios of ergosterol : biomass C, soil organic C : total N, and biomass N : total N formed the second factor (PC2) indicating a decomposition pathway dominated by fungi. The biomass C : N and biomass C : soil organic C ratios formed the third principal component (PC3), reflecting soil organic matter availability in relation to nutrient availability. Overall, the study suggested that Pueraria phaseoloides. or Atylosia scarabaeoides were better suited as cover crops for the humid tropics due to their positive contribution to soil organic C, N, and microbial activity.     

深层发酵樟芝营养成分的测定

采用常规检测方法测定深层发酵樟芝菌丝体中的营养成分脂肪酸、氨基酸、麦角甾醇、总三萜的含量,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定矿物质的含量.结果表明:樟芝中粗脂肪的质量分数为11.61%,其中饱和脂肪酸占12.6%,不饱和脂肪酸占87.4%;粗蛋白的质量分数为34.20%,菌丝体干粉中总氨基酸含量为270.68 mg.kg-1;樟芝含有常量元素K、Na、P、Ca、Mg和多种人体所需的微量元素Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Mo、Cr、Se、Sr;樟芝中麦角甾醇的含量为19.55 mg.g-1,总三萜的含量为2.8125 mg.g-1.樟芝功效成分含量的测定有利于进一步探索其多种保健功能.     

超声波法提取红曲中麦角甾醇的条件优化研究

通过单因素试验和正交优化试验筛选由红曲提取麦角甾醇的最佳条件.利用HPLC检测麦角甾醇的含量.确定利用三氯甲烷为溶剂,在浸提比为1:250(g/ml),反应温度为50℃时,超声波下抽提20min为最佳反应条件,每g干曲可获得9mg左右的麦角甾醇.     

利用微波辅助提取测定姬松茸中麦角甾醇含量

    建立一种简捷的微波辅助提取(MAE)方法以测定姬松茸菌丝体中麦角甾醇的含量.通过单因素实验和中心组合设计实验,对影响MAE提取率的因素进行筛选和优化.最优条件为:乙醇和4 mol·L-1 KOH(4∶1比例混合)作为皂化提取剂,提取时间100 s,微波功率520 W,样品颗粒大小0.25 mm(60～80目),皂化提取剂用量5 mL(50 mg样品),萃取剂用石油醚(60～90℃).在此条件下,MAE的提取率比传统的回流提取法和超声提取法提高约30%.和传统方法相比,MAE提取时间大幅缩短(从3 h减少到只要100 s),所需样品量和溶剂用量也大幅减少(分别从500 mg和16 mL减至50 mg和5 mL),并且重现性较高(RSD＜5%).利用MAE法和紫外分光光度法相结合,姬松茸菌丝体中麦角甾醇的含量首次得到了测定,为(6.8±0.3)mg·g-1.     

牛烂蹄坏尾病致病弯角镰刀菌代谢产物分离鉴定

取金寨县耕牛烂蹄坏尾病致病弯角镰刀菌的玉米培养物，用丙酮提取，硅胶净化，制备型硅胶大板分离，得到无色针状结晶体，经质谱和红外光谱分析，并经相关谱图数据库联机检索、甄别，按其分子量、化学式及结构式确定为麦角甾醇，从而证实了致牛烂蹄坏尾病的弯角镰刀菌可产生麦角甾醇。     

Genetic Control of Resistance to the Piperidine Fungicide Piperalin in Ustilago maydis

Mutants of Ustilago maydis resistant to the piperidine fungicide piperalin were isolated in a mutation frequency of 2.4 × 10^–5 after UV-irradiation and selection on media containing 50gml^–1 piperalin. Genetic analysis with 15 such mutant isolates resulted in the identifications of two unlinked chromosomal loci, the U/ppl-1 locus with two allelic genes (U/ppl-1A and U/ppl-1B) and the U/ppl-2 locus. The U/ppl-2 and U/ppl-1A mutations are responsible for two levels of moderate and high resistance to piperalin (resistance factor, Rf: 54 and 135, respectively, based on effective concentration causing a 50% reduction in the growth rate, EC₅₀), while the U/ppl-1B mutation gives only a small reduction (approximately 8-fold) in piperalin sensitivity. Cross-resistance studies with other SBIs shows that the major gene (U/ppl-2 and U/ppl-1A) mutants are resistant to fenpropidin (Rf: 43 and 68), fenpropimorph (Rf: 261 and 283) and tridemorph (Rf: 9 and 10), but not to the inhibitors of C-14 demethylase (DMIs) and squalene epoxidase. The minor gene mutation U/ppl-1B codes a low-level of resistance (approximately 5—12-fold) to the above morpholine-type fungicides, but in contrast with the major gene mutations it increases 2–10 times the sensitivity to triazoles: triadimefon, triadimenol, propiconazole and flusilazole. Crosses between mutants carrying the U/ppl-genes with compatible isolates carrying the U/fpd, U/fpm or U/tdm mutations, which have been identified in previous genetic works for resistance to morpholine-type fungicides, yielded, with the exception of U/ppl-2 ×U/fpm-2 cross, a large number of recombinants with wild-type sensitivity, indicating that the mutant genes involved in these crosses, were not allelic. An additive gene effect was observed only between nonallelic minor genes U/ppl-1B and U/fpm-1B or U/tdm-1,2. Studies of the fitness of piperalin-resistant isolates showed that the reduced sensitivity of major gene mutants was not associated with changes on the phytopathogenic fitness determining characteristics, such as growth in liquid culture and pathogenicity on young corn plants. Conversely, the minor gene mutation U/ppl-1B appeared to be pleiotropic, having significantly adverse effects on the phytopathogenic fitness.     

稻谷储藏安全水分研究

以麦角甾醇为参考指标,分析了在不同温度下籼稻和粳稻中的不同水分对其储藏过程中真菌生长的影响.确定了实验室条件下籼稻安全储存水分为13.5％,粳稻安全储存水分为14.0％;确定了稻谷安全水分曲线,可作为偏高水分稻谷短期安全储存指导.     

一个云芝菌株的分离及栽培条件优化

对采自湖南省长沙橘子洲头柳树腐木上的野生云芝(Trametes versicolor)进行组织分离和鉴定,并优化分离菌株的栽培条件.利用60％杜仲木屑、20％棉籽壳、17％麦麸、1％蔗糖、1％碳酸钙、1％石膏栽培云芝分离菌株,在螺旋状开袋方式下,生物学效率达84.62％,获得的云芝中多糖含量5.9％,水溶性浸出物含量2...