Serum bile acids: reference values in healthy dogs and comparison of two kit methods

Serum bile acid (SBA) reference intervals were established by use of a radioimmunoassay method for fasting dogs to be 0.2 to 4.3 micro mol/L (n = 60) and for 2 hour postprandial samples to be 0.6 to 24.2 micro mol/L (n = 37). The SBA reference intervals estimated using an enzymatic method were 0 to 8.6 micro mol/L for fasting (n = 26) and 0 to 29.8 micro mol/L for 2 hour postprandial samples (n = 36). The correlation between the two methods including samples from healthy dogs and clinical cases is good (n = 128, r = 0.82, p < 0.0001). The radioimmunoassay method is linear to 50 micro mol/L and the enzymatic method is linear to 100 micro mol/L, thus both methods require serum dilutions to be made in many cases of primary liver disease. The enzymatic method is less expensive and more convenient for use in a clinical laboratory but requires a greater sample volume (400 micro I) than the RIA method (50 micro I). Both methods have adequate precision and accuracy to be useful as diagnostic tests of liver function in dogs.     

以豆粕为原料制备反刍动物饲用肽的研究

本文通过正交试验,选用碱性微生物蛋白酶,研究得出酶解法制备大豆肽的最佳工艺参数:豆粕预处理条件为90℃水浴加热10min,酶解条件为底物浓度5%(W/V)、加酶量5万单位/g蛋白质、温度50℃、pH值10、酶解时间5.5h。蛋白质水解率达到25%,平均肽链长度为4.0。制得大豆肽粗蛋白质含量66.83%(DM)。并对制得大豆肽和原料豆粕的氨基酸含量进行分析。     

鳕碎肉酶解物清除羟自由基作用研究

通过测定鳕碎肉酶解物对Fenton体系产生的羟自由基的清除效果,从海洋蛋白酶YS-894、海洋蛋白酶YS-80、胃蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶中,筛选出海洋蛋白酶YS-894作为酶解鳕碎肉制备具有较高清除羟自由基活性酶解物的水解酶;用正交试验L9(34)对该酶的水解条件进行优化,并确定了水解的最佳肉水比。最终工艺条件为40℃、酶解45 m in、pH 9.0、酶解质量分数0.25%、底物∶水=1∶3的条件下进行水解,水解物对羟自由基的清除效果较好,清除率为68.88%。     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions

Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.     

紫甘薯多酚氧化酶性质探讨

甘薯是世界上一种重要的粮食和能源作物,由于加工过程中其组织中的多酚氧化酶易催化多酚类物质氧化成黑色素,严重影响了其加工品质.以济薯18为材料,研究了pH值、温度、底物浓度等对其多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的影响.结果表明:紫甘薯济薯18中PPO活性在360 am处最大,其最适反应时间为11 min,最适pH值6.5,最适温...     

甘肃省南瓜白粉病菌对己唑醇抗性诱导及抗性菌株生物学性状研究

为了解甘肃省裸仁美洲南瓜白粉菌对己唑醇敏感性及抗性产生情况,采用小株喷雾法对采自兰州、武威、景泰等地的20个南瓜白粉菌菌株对己唑醇的敏感性进行了测定,利用紫外诱导、药剂驯化、先紫外后药剂驯化三种方法对敏感菌株进行了抗药性诱导,并对抗性突变菌株的生物学性状及其对丙环唑、氟硅唑、腈菌唑和戊唑醇的交互抗性进行了研究。结果表明20个南瓜白粉菌菌株对己唑醇的敏感性存在一定差异,EC50值在17.77~285.54μg/mL范围内;与其他两种诱导方法相比药剂驯化方法获得的抗性突变菌株的抗性倍数最高,为8.94倍。敏感菌株和抗性突变菌株孢子萌发的最佳时间分别为36h和48h;抗性突变菌株产孢量和致病力明显高于敏感菌株;适合度测定表明抗性突变菌株与敏感菌株之间存在竞争力,孢子萌发率、芽管个数之间差异显著,菌丝分支数、产孢量之间差异不显著;抗性突变菌株在抗性突变菌株和敏感菌株混合比例为80∶20的群体中,存在频率比较稳定,连续培养7代后仍占85.69%;己唑醇抗性突变菌株对丙环唑、氟硅唑、腈菌唑和戊唑醇4种药剂未表现出交互抗性。研究结果可为甘肃省防治南瓜白粉病提供理论依据。     

酒糟营养成分检测及其酶水解研究

文章测定了采自甘肃世纪金徽酒业集团公的酒糟营养成分,并对其进行了酶水解研究.结果表明：酒糟中蛋白质、淀粉和粗脂肪含量分别为14.03％、13.7％和3.4％,并富含维生素B族,其中维生素B6含量高达0.3 g/kg.矿物质元素钙、镁、锌、铁含量均远远高于其他常见粮食.含有的18种氨基酸中,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的30.27％,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值43.40％.氨基酸比值系数法评价表明,该酒糟中必需氨基酸种类齐全,比值系数分（SRC）63.37,比例均衡.酶解结果表明,蒸汽加热处理（121℃,10 min）后酒糟的酶解效果优于超声波（400 W,15 min）处理,酶添加顺序为先加纤维素酶,后加糖化酶,酶添加量分别为纤维素酶（2 000 U/g纤维素）和糖化酶（1 000 U/g淀粉）,该条件下还原糖含量达49.75 mg/mL.     

Screening and Identification of Protease-producing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from Pig's Intestines and the Preliminary Study of Its Enzymatic Properties

A Bacillus strains,MY-6 strain which secreted high amount of protease was isolated from healthy pig's intestines,and it was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by the methods of morphological observation, biochemical tests,16S rDNA sequence amplification and comparison, biolog identification. In order to get an initial understanding of the enzymatic properties of its protease, the dynamic relationship between protease activity and bacterial life cycle, effects of pH,temperature,metal ions and inhibitors on protease activity,and the protease hydrolysis of different substrates were investigated. The results showed that,the protease synthesis of MY-6 strain was synchronized with its spore formation which began in the early stage of the exponential growth phase. The optimum conditions for the protease was 40℃ and pH 7.0,Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ had a intensive effects on the protease activity, PMSF could completely inhibit the activity of protease, indicating that the protease was a serine protease.The content of TCA soluble peptides for protein hydrolyzate fish protein, soybean protein, corn protein and casein was 0.83,0.67,0.58 and 0.38 μmol/g,respectively. In conclusion,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MY-6 strain could be used as an initial selection of probiotic Bacillus to improve protein digestion.     

猪脑心肌炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从规模化猪场疑似病例组织病料中分离到5株脑心肌炎病毒（EMCV），对其中的2株（EMCV BJC3和EMCV HB1）进行了系统鉴定。结果表明，病毒粒子大小约为27nm，呈圆形；2株病毒均不耐酸，对氯仿不敏感，对胰蛋白酶敏感性有所不同，60℃加热1h可被灭活，二价阳离子对病毒没有明显的保护作用。用EMCV多克隆抗体作间接免疫荧光，分离毒株感染的BHK-21细胞的胞浆中可见特异性荧光。对分离毒株进行了VP1和3D基因的扩增和序列测定，结果表明，2个毒株VP1基因的核苷酸序列同源性为99．49％，氨基酸序列的同源性为98．46％，与GenBank中EMCV毒株的核苷酸序列同源性介于81．61％～99．59％，氨基酸序列同源性在95．5％以上；3D基因扩增片段序列与其它毒株的核苷酸与氨基酸序列同源性均为100％。基于VP1基因的系统进化树表明，2株分离毒均位于进化树的主干上，变异度不大。由此表明，EMCV感染已在我国猪场存在。