黄鳍棘鲷标志放流群体的规格适宜性评价

合理选取标志放流鱼的规格是成功监测放流鱼类动态及评估增殖效果的关键步骤。本研究以黄鳍棘鲷为对象,通过2个实验评价标志鱼的适宜规格。实验1对比了4种体长的黄鳍棘鲷(平均体长5、7、11和14 cm)作T型标志后其生长、存活和标志保留情况,并利用逻辑斯蒂回归模型分别分析标志鱼存活率和标志保留率的规格特异性;实验2模拟了不同混合比例下2种体长黄鳍棘鲷标志鱼与不标志鱼的捕捞情况,并利用重抽样方法对捕捞结果作计算机重抽样,分析2种鱼能否充分混合以及标志鱼的规格、比例对捕捞结果的影响。结果显示:(1)7、11和14 cm标志组的特定生长率与对照组无显著差异;(2)标志鱼的存活率随体长的增加而增加(5 cm标志组的鱼在标志后7 d内全部死亡,7、11和14 cm标志组的存活率分别为77.5%、92.5%和100.0%)。标志鱼的存活率与初始体长的逻辑斯蒂回归关系式为P=exp(0.099X-6.900)/[1+exp(0.099X-6.900)];(3)各组的标志保留率较高(7、11和14 cm标志组的标志保留率分别为97.5%、100.0%和100.0%),但与体长无明显关系;(4)模拟捕捞结果与计算机重抽样结果无显著差异,二者均不受鱼体规格的影响,但受标志鱼比例的影响极显著,标志鱼比例越高,其捕获率也越高。综上,建议今后采用T型标志方法开展增殖放流品种(如黄鳍棘鲷)的相关研究时,应综合考虑成本和可接受的误差范围以选择符合研究目的的标志鱼规格,若需标志鱼的存活率高于50.0%,则体长至少为7 cm,高于75.0%则体长至少为8 cm,高于95.0%则体长至少为10 cm。此外,在成本允许的条件下,建议尽可能增加放流鱼类中标志鱼的比例以提高增殖效果评估的代表性,而具体适宜的比例值得深入研究。     

“双创”背景下饲料企业经营主体多维经营研究

随着时代的变迁和世界局势的发展,创新创业逐渐成为了当前的发展新势态和经济发展新引擎。在此背景下,饲料行业需要与时俱进,深入实施创新,驱动发展,促进企业结构调整,优化产能和经营,以实现可持续发展的目的。本文紧密结合“双创”的深刻涵义,就饲料企业经营主体的经营现状及面临的问题展开分析,对企业的多维经营进行探索与研究,提出了一系列具体的对策与思路。     

应用事件分析法对林业企业发行绿色债券市场效应的评价

在系统梳理绿色债券相关理论基础上,以16个二级行业为研究对象,运用事件分析法分析林业企业上市公司发行绿色债券与股价相关性、林业企业发行绿色债券的市场价值,探索发行绿色债券的林业企业市场效应。结果表明:绿色债券融资对提升公司长短期的市场价值具有重大影响,绿色债券融资是经济实体发展绿色经济的表现,是符合经济趋势和其自身发展趋势的行为。林业企业对绿色债券的发行,持积极股价效应,提升公司市场价值;由于其项目投融资的绿色性,对市场效应有更好的显著性和持续性,对绿色债券的发行表现出积极市场效应,提升企业市场价值。依据绿色债券理论和实践,并结合林业企业自身的生态特性,从林业企业发行绿色债券的政策制度、融资优势、自身特征三个方面,在详细阐述林业企业发行绿色债券可行性基础上,提出林业企业推动绿色债券发行相关建议:构建林业企业绿色债券制度规范、增强林业企业绿色债券融资意识、提高林业企业绿色债券运营能力、加强林业企业绿色债券人才建设。     

Seasonal critical concentration and relationships of leaf phosphorus and potassium status with biomass and yield traits of soybean

Analysis of uppermost fully expanded leaves is useful to detect a deficiency of mineral nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in soybean. Although, the leaf P or K status aids in fertilizer management, information on nutrient seasonal relationships with growth and yield traits at maturity are limited. To investigate this, soybean was grown under varying P or K nutrition under ambient and elevated CO₂ concentrations. Results show significant relationships of the relative total biomass and yield‐related traits with the foliar P and K concentrations measured several times in the season across CO₂ levels. However, the relationships established earlier in the season showed that the growth period between 25 and 37 d after planting (DAP), representing the beginning of flowering and pod, respectively, is the best for leaf sampling to determine the foliar P or K status. The leaf P and K status as well as the critical leaf P (CLPC) and K (CLKC) concentrations for traits such as seed yield peaked around 30 DAP (R2 stage) and tended to decline thereafter with the plant age. The CLPC and CLKC of seed yield indicate that the leaf P and K concentration of at least 2.74 mg g^?1 and 19.06 mg g^?1, respectively, in the uppermost fully expanded leaves are needed between 25 and 37 DAP for near‐optimum soybean yield. Moreover, the greatest impact of P and K deficiency occurred for the traits that contribute the most to the soybean yield (e.g., relative total biomass, seed yield, pod and seed numbers), while traits such as seed number per pod, seed size, and shelling percentages were the least affected and showed smaller leaf critical concentration. The CLPC or CLKC for biomass and seed yield was greater under elevated CO₂ 24–25 DAP but varied thereafter. These results are useful to researchers and farmers to understand the dynamics of the relationship of pre‐harvest leaf P and K status with soybean productivity at maturity, and in the determination of suitable growth stage to collect leaf samples.     

Fish‐processing wastes as an alternative diet for culturing the minute rotifer Proales similis de Beauchamp

We evaluated the suitability of fish waste diet (FWD) for culturing the minute rotifer Proales similis through the observation of their population growth and particle size selective feeding. A total of five treatments either with Nannochloropsis oculata or FWD (0.75 and 0.50 g/L) or the combination of N. oculata and FWD were set up in triplicates. P. similis were cultured in diluted natural seawater (8 g/L salinity) and 26 ± 1°C with the diet treatments being applied randomly. We daily monitored the rotifer density, the number of bacteria and the water quality in all the cultures. The population density of P. similis increased exponentially in all treatments, while the mean growth in FWD 0.75 g/L was significantly higher (p < .05) than that in the control. Addition of N. oculata to FWD resulted to lowered P. similis population growth. Bacterial colony count was high in FWD and introduction of P. similis to the diet decreased their density. The estimated bacteria ingestion rates were generally in the range of 6.03 × 10²–1.24 × 10⁴ bacteria/rotifer/hr and there was a positive linear relationship between bacterivory and rotifer population growth. We also observed a shift in the particle size distribution with a reduction in the frequency and concentration of small‐sized particles (<2.5 μm) at day 6. These results accentuate the potential of fish‐processing waste as diet for culturing P. similis which feeds on bacteria and small particles (≤2.5 μm) that are by‐products of degradation of this diet.     

食用菌生产企业社会责任与财务绩效的互动关系分析

食用菌生产企业的社会责任是决定企业可持续发展的关键因素,同时对企业的财务绩效存在多方面影响。基于已有文献研究结论,通过构建回归模型对食用菌生产企业社会责任与财务绩效的相关性进行分析。结果表明,食用菌生产企业对股东、供应商、消费者、政府和社区所承担的社会责任与财务绩效具有正相关关系;而食用菌生产企业对员工承担的社会责任与财务绩效的相关性不显著。     

Intensive organic vegetable production increases soil organic carbon but with a lower carbon conversion efficiency than integrated management

Intensive vegetable production in greenhouses has rapidly expanded in China since the 1990s and increased to 1.3 million ha of farmland by 2016, which is the highest in the world. We conducted an 11‐year greenhouse vegetable production experiment from 2002 to 2013 to observe soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics under three management systems, i.e., conventional (CON), integrated (ING), and intensive organic (ORG) farming. Soil samples (0–20 and 20–40 cm depth) were collected in 2002 and 2013 and separated into four particle‐size fractions, i.e., coarse sand (> 250 µm), fine sand (250–53 µm), silt (53–2 µm), and clay (< 2 µm). The SOC contents and δ¹³C values of the whole soil and the four particle‐size fractions were analyzed. After 11 years of vegetable farming, ORG and ING significantly increased SOC stocks (0–20 cm) by 4008 ± 36.6 and 2880 ± 365 kg C ha^?1 y^?1, respectively, 8.1‐ and 5.8‐times that of CON (494 ± 42.6 kg C ha^?1 y^?1). The SOC stock increase in ORG at 20–40 cm depth was 245 ± 66.4 kg C ha^?1 y^?1, significantly higher than in ING (66 ± 13.4 kg C ha^?1 y^?1) and CON (109 ± 44.8 kg C ha^?1 y^?1). Analyses of ¹³C revealed a significant increase in newly produced SOC in both soil layers in ORG. However, the carbon conversion efficiency (CE: increased organic carbon in soil divided by organic carbon input) was lower in ORG (14.4%–21.7%) than in ING (18.2%–27.4%). Among the four particle‐sizes in the 0–20 cm layer, the silt fraction exhibited the largest proportion of increase in SOC content (57.8% and 55.4% of the SOC increase in ORG and ING, respectively). A similar trend was detected in the 20–40 cm soil layer. Over all, intensive organic (ORG) vegetable production increases soil organic carbon but with a lower carbon conversion efficiency than integrated (ING) management.     

Improving wood volume predictions in dry tropical forest in the semi-arid Brazil

The volumetric variability of dry tropical forests in Brazil and the scarcity of studies on the subject show the need for the development of techniques that make it possible to obtain adequate and accurate wood volume estimates. In this study, we analyzed a database of thinning trees from a forest management plan in the Contendas de Sincorá National Forest, southwestern Bahia State, Brazil. The data set included a total of 300 trees with a trunk diameter ranging from 5 to 52 cm. Adjustments, validation and statistical selection of four volumetric models were performed. Due to the difference in height values for the same diameter and the low correlation between both variables, we do not suggest models which only use the diameter at breast height (DBH) variable as a predictor because they accommodate the largest estimation errors. In comparing the best single entry model (Hohenald-Krenn) with the Spurr model (best fit model), it is noted that the exclusion of height as a predictor causes the values of 136.44 and 0.93 for Akaike information criterion (AIC) and adjusted determination coefficient (R2 adj), which are poorer than the second best model (Schumacher-Hall). Regarding the minimum sample size, errors in estimation (root mean square error (RMSE) and bias) of the best model decrease as the sample size increases, especially when a larger number of trees with DBH≥15.0 cm are randomly sampled. Stratified sampling by diameter class produces smaller volume prediction errors than random sampling, especially when considering all trees. In summary, the Spurr and Schumacher-Hall models perform better. These models suggest that the total variance explained in the estimates is not less than 95%, producing reliable forecasts of the total volume with shell. Our estimates indicate that the bias around the average is not greater than 7%. Our results support the decision to use regression methods to build models and estimate their parameters, seeking stratification strategies in diameter classes for the sample trees. Volume estimates with valid confidence intervals can be obtained using the Spurr model for the studied dry forest. Stratified sampling of the data set for model adjustment and selection is necessary, since we find significant results with mean error square root values and bias of up to 70% of the total database.