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排序方式: 共有226条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
We evaluated the potential for using preplant trunk injections of emamectin benzoate in nonbearing apple trees. Trees were evaluated for pest injury and emamectin residues throughout the planting season and into the following year. Injections into the trunk best delivered emamectin benzoate to the canopy compared with injections into the taproot, and the higher rate reduced insect pests more than the lower rate. In the following year, differences in insect control between trunk and root injections were less pronounced, but the higher rate of emamectin benzoate persisted longer and better reduced pests relative to the other treatments.  相似文献   
2.
This study investigated the effects of different additives on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Leymus chinensis silage. Treatments included (i) no additive, (ii) 3 mL kg?1 formic acid (FA), (iii) 6 mL kg?1 FA, (iv) 5 mL kg?1 acetic acid (AA), (v) 10 mL kg?1 AA, (vi) 2 mL kg?1 propionic acid (PA), (vii) 4 mL kg?1 PA, (viii) 5 mL kg?1 butyric acid (BA), (ix) 10 mL kg?1 BA, (x) 1.0 g kg?1 potassium sorbate (PS), (xi) 1.0 g kg?1 sodium benzoate (SB), (xii) 1 × 108 colony‐forming units (cfu) kg?1 Lactobacillus (Lb) plantarum LP (LP), (xiii) 1 × 108 cfu kg?1 Lb. brevis LB (LB) and (xiv) 1 × 108 cfu kg?1 Lb. buchneri NCIMB40788 (Fresh). Each additive treatment was based on fresh matter (FM). Results showed that all additives decreased pH values. All additives except Fresh decreased ammonia‐N content (< .001). Both LP and LB increased lactic acid content (< .001). Butyric acid content increased with FA (3 mL kg?1) and BA, but decreased with PA, PS, SB, FA (6 mL kg?1), AA, LP, LB (< .001). FA (3 mL kg?1), AA (10 mL kg?1), PA, BA, PS, SB and Fresh improved aerobic stability (< .001). After 8 days exposure to air, the pH value and yeast count were lower in FA (3 mL kg?1), BA (10 mL kg?1), SB treatments than in other treatments. Overall, AA outperformed all other additives in improving fermentation quality. Sodium benzoate and AA could be used as an effective additive to improve aerobic stability of L. chinensis silage.  相似文献   
3.
为了建立蜈蚣兰无菌繁殖体系,以0.2%的山梨酸钾和0.2%的苯甲酸钠为供试药剂,研究了两种不同种类的食品防腐剂在蜈蚣兰初代培养中对内生真菌的抑制作用。结果表明:两种食品防腐剂均对蜈蚣兰内生真菌的生长有抑制作用,且山梨酸钾的抑菌作用更为显著。同时,两种防腐剂的加入对外植体侧芽萌发均有一定程度的抑制,且苯甲酸钠的抑制作用较为突出。另外,0.8%的次氯酸钠溶液对蜈蚣兰内生真菌的生长也有一定的抑制作用。  相似文献   
4.
杀灭松材线虫的高效药物筛选与毒性测定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为筛选出对松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus具有高效快速杀灭作用的药物,采用线虫悬浮液 + 农药的直接触杀法,选择了22种药物处理松材线虫1 h,测定了对松材线虫的半致死浓度(LC50)。结果表明:不同药物对松材线虫表现出不同的杀灭作用,供试的22种药物中,甲基阿维菌素(甲维盐)杀灭效果最好,1 h 半致死浓度仅为0.3 mg·L-1;杀螟丹效果最差,1 h 半致死浓度达21 053 mg·L-1。另外,苦参碱、抑太保、溴氰菊酯和阿维菌素等4种药物对松材线虫具有很强的毒杀作用,其1 h半致死浓度分别为1.2,2.5,4.2和4.5 mg·L-1。甲维盐和阿维菌素能高效快速杀灭松材线虫;这些对松材线虫高效敏感药物的筛选成功,为开发树干注射剂防治松材线虫病提供了基础。图1表3参25  相似文献   
5.
Emamectin benzoate, a novel insecticide with characteristics of translaminar movement into plant leaf tissue, was derived from the avermectin family with improved thermal stability, greater water solubility and a broader spectrum of insecticidal activity than avermectin. To quantify UV photodegradation of emamectin benzoate, HPLC analysis was conducted to quantify residues of MAB1a, the major component in emamectin benzoate, after exposure to UV light for different lengths of time. Results showed both MAB1a concentration and length of UV light exposure (0-120 h) had significant impacts on photodegradation rate. The degradation rate increased as exposure duration increased, but decreased as initial MAB1a concentration increased. Four UV protectants, kojic acid, sodium ligninsulfonate, soybean lecithin and milk, were evaluated for their effect on UV degradation. Results showed that kojic acid could effectively reduce the photodegradation of MAB1a. In addition, the photodegradation of emamectin benzoate was also examined for its influence on the efficacy against the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. The results of the bioassays were consistent with those of HPLC analysis. The initial concentration of emamectin benzoate and exposure duration to UV light both had significant influences on the efficacy against C. suppressalis. As the UV exposure time increased, the efficacy of emamectin benzoate against C. suppressalis decreased. The results indicated that UV photodegradation has a significant effect on the efficacy of emamectin benzoate against C. suppressalis and the effect is concentration-dependant. In addition to understanding the critical factor of UV exposure length, this study also showed that maintaining emamectin benzoate concentration above a certain level in the formulation and the application solution, and applying UV protectants may reduce photodegradation and increase efficacy against target pests.  相似文献   
6.
Present day rodent management technology mostly relies on use of rodenticides, which is unsafe for human beings and other non-targets. Denatonium benzoate (DB) is an intensely bitter and non-toxic substance which is detectable by humans at a concentration of 10 ppb. Denatonium benzoate added wax block formulation of bromadiolone (0.005%) (an anticoagulant rodenticide) was evaluated against commensal rodents (house rat, Rattus rattus and lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis), which are always found in the proximity of pets, domestic animals and human beings. Single day exposure to bromadiolone (0.005%) formulation with DB and without DB in no-choice tests yielded 100% mortality in both the test rodent species in 2–11 days. The amount of poison bait ingested by R. rattus and B. bengalensis for both the formulations did not differ significantly, ranging between 5.87 - 7.30 and 6.51–6.71 g/100 g body weight, respectively. In choice tests in the presence of alternate plain food (broken wheat grain), consumption of both the formulations of bromadiolone (0.005%) (with and without DB) was similar to plain food at both the exposure periods (1 and 2 days), indicating a good acceptability of test rodenticide. However, mortality with a single day exposure to bromadiolone (0.005%) formulation with DB was 70% and without DB was 60–80% in both test rodent species within 3–14 days. With a two days exposure period, mortality was 100% in both the species of test rodents in 3–13 days. Single day choice test between the formulations revealed that intake of baits of both formulations by both the test rodents was similar i.e., in the range of 8.16–8.94 g/100 g b wt (bromadiolone with DB) and 8.20–9.5 g/100 g b wt (bromadiolone without DB) indicating that incorporation of a bittering agent (DB) with bromadiolone did not alter the consumption of poison in both the test species. In field trials the mean control success as assessed by census baiting and trapping methods with the application of bromadiolone (0.005%) with DB ranged between 54.0% (houses and shops) to 68.4% (poultry farms) and was 55.6% (houses and shops) to 68.4% (poultry farms) in treatments with bromadiolone (0.005%) without DB. It can be concluded that denatonium benzoate could be a best additive in rodenticidal formulations as the acceptability, palatability and toxicity in the laboratory and also its performance in field in managing the pest rodents were not altered.  相似文献   
7.
为建立同时检测番茄及其土壤中甲维盐和吡虫啉残留的快速分析方法,采用丙酮/水(1∶1, V/V)提取样品,经硅胶和活性炭混合物层析柱净化,HPLC-UV 检测,对甲维盐和吡虫啉在番茄及其土壤中的残留进行了检测。结果表明:1)甲维盐和吡虫啉的混合标样添加量为0.05~1.0 mg/kg 时,甲维盐在番茄和土壤中的添加回收率分别为82.54%~86.60%和82.50%~96.21%,相对偏差分别为0.96%~3.30%和0.79%~3.93%;吡虫啉在番茄和土壤中的添加回收率分别为83.25%~94.20%和90.52%~98.39%,相对偏差分别为0.71%~1.78%和0.80%~3.24%,说明该方法的准确度和精密度均符合农药残留分析的要求,适合番茄及其土壤中甲维盐和吡虫啉的残留量检测。2)采用该方法对2013年番茄及其土壤中甲维盐、吡虫啉的残留状况进行检测表明,施药5 d 后的番茄甲维盐残留量为0.03~0.05 mg/kg,吡虫啉残留量为0.05~0.10 mg/kg;施药5 d 后,土壤中甲维盐的残留量为0.03~0.05 mg/kg,吡虫啉的残留量为0.04~0.08 mg/kg。两种农药在番茄和土壤中的残留量均未超过我国在番茄中最高残留限量标准的规定。  相似文献   
8.
摘 要:为明确甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对甘肃河西地区3种玉米害虫和松毛虫赤眼蜂的毒力,协调甘肃河西地区化学防治和生物防治之间的矛盾,本研究在室内采用饲喂法和药膜法分别对棉铃虫、亚洲玉米螟、粘虫和松毛虫赤眼蜂进行毒力测定。结果表明,随着甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐浓度增加,4种昆虫的校正死亡率均呈递增趋势,当药剂浓度达0.500 mg/L时,4种昆虫的校正死亡率均达95%以上。致死中浓度表明,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对松毛虫赤眼蜂毒力最高,致死中浓度LC50为0.078 mg/L,其次依次为亚洲玉米螟、棉铃虫和粘虫,致死中浓度LC50依次为0.109、0.120、0.127 mg/L。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对松毛虫赤眼蜂的毒力是其他3种鳞翅目昆虫的1.40~1.63倍。因此,综合防治中使用甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐防治害虫时,应避开赤眼蜂的出蜂时期,以降低化学杀虫剂对赤眼蜂的杀伤作用。  相似文献   
9.
Mown herbage of timothy–meadow fescue (dry matter 218 (LDM) or 539 (HDM) g kg?1) was ensiled in laboratory silos to evaluate silage additives. For LDM silage, additives including formic acid (a blend of formic acid, sodium formate, propionic acid, benzoic acid, glycerol and another blend of formic acid and ammonium formate, both applied at 5 L t?1) were able to restrict fermentation and thereby improve intake potential of the silage. Aerobic stability (AS) of total mixed ration (TMR) was also improved. LDM grass treated with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (hoLAB) resulted in silage containing lactic acid at 132 g kg?1 DM, ammonium‐N <40 g kg?1 total N, and pH < 3·8, and the AS was poor (<36 h). The treatment including heterofermentative strain (Lactobacillus brevis) produced more acetic acid and better AS than hoLAB. Salt treatment (sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium nitrite) reduced pH compared to the Control treatment (3·89 vs. 4·24) and improved AS of TMR. The LDM Control silage had good AS, but the TMR based on it had poor AS. All additives were able to lower pH on HDM silages also, but other benefits of using additives were minimal. The treatment including L. brevis on HDM was able to improve AS of TMR.  相似文献   
10.
Parasites can, in theory, have large impacts on the survival of fish populations. One method to evaluate such impacts on anadromous species is to apply manipulative field experiments in which parallel groups of antiparasitically treated and non‐treated fish are simultaneously released and then subsequently recaptured as returning adults. A systematic review and meta‐analysis on all such Norwegian studies on Salmo salar provided a data set for the time period 1996 to 2011 on 118 release groups comprising 657 624 fish released and 3989 recaptured. The overall risk ratio (RR) was estimated to be 1.18 (95% CI: 1.07–1.30). The effect varied strongly between groups, (Higgins I2 = 40.1%). Over 70% of this heterogeneity could be explained by the release location, time period and baseline survival. The most important predictor variable was baseline survival. In groups with low recapture in the control group (low baseline survival), the effect of treatment was high (RR = 1.7), while in groups with high recapture in the control group (high baseline survival), there was no effect of treatment (RR ~ 1.00). The most prevalent parasite in the region affected by the drugs administered was Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Hence, the meta‐analysis supports the hypothesis that L. salmonis contributes to the mortality of S. salar during outward migration. However, the effect of treatment was not consistent, but was evidently strongly modulated by other risk factors. The results suggest that the population‐level effects of parasites cannot be estimated independently of other factors affecting the marine survival of S. salar.  相似文献   
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