皖西白鹅羽区皮肤组织结构的研究及其绒被分析

本试验针对皖西白鹅绒皮制裘生产中的问题，观察研究了１２０、１５０、２００、２４０、３６０、５４０六个日龄组计４８只皖西白鹅绒皮的组织结构。结果表明，各日龄组皮肤结构差异不甚明显。其真皮内羽肌发达，羽囊粗大，脂肪组织含量多，纤维层薄，纤维成分少，排列疏松。２４０日龄以后纤维层增厚。     

Variation and distribution of virulence phenotypes of Bremia lactucae in natural populations of Lactuca serriola

During 1997–2000 the virulence variation and distribution of virulence phenotypes of Bremia lactucae (lettuce downy mildew) in natural populations of Lactuca serriola (prickly lettuce) were studied. Altogether 139 isolates of B. lactucae originating from the Czech Republic, France and Germany were examined for the presence of 27 virulence factors (v-factors) and their combinations. In the Czech population, 37 different v-phenotypes (P1–P37) of B. lactucae were found to occur on L. serriola . Most v-phenotypes were characterized by v-factors that match resistance ( Dm genes/R-factors) carried by L. serriola . A wide diversity of v-phenotypes was recorded every year, but most were rare and did not reappear in other populations of B. lactucae . The three v-phenotypes P21, P28 and P29 were most frequent and widely distributed. There was variation both between spatially isolated populations and within populations of the pathogen. Geographic differences in virulence were found for the southern parts of Moravia, where the phenotypic composition of pathogen populations was completely different from the remaining part of the area investigated. However, some populations had v-phenotypes similar to those of spatially distant populations in Moravia.     

百宜黑羽鸡外貌特征及生长发育研究

从选育中的1,2世代百宜黑羽鸡的外貌特征、生长性能两个方面对百宜黑羽鸡的部分特征特性进行了研究,结果表明:百宜黑羽鸡具有全黑羽带墨绿色(脚、胫、喙、耳毛为黑色),体形中等,肤白色。2周龄时公母均出现日增重率先升后降,分别由0.048%和0.48%上升到41.72%和37.79%,接着又下降到5.69%和5.06%。百宜母鸡的生长曲线从10周龄开始与公鸡的生长曲线分离,17周龄后母鸡的生长速度明显慢于公鸡。     

拟南芥霜霉病抗性分子机制研究进展

随着近年分子生物学技术的发展与应用,植物霜霉病抗性的研究有了长足的进展。本文就拟南芥抗霜霉病基因的克隆与结构分析,抗病信号传导,防卫反应和系统获得抗性,以及寄主-寄生菌共进化冲突方面进行了综述,并就今后的研究进行了展望。     

避雨栽培技术对葡萄霜霉病的控效

云南省宾川县在2011年、2012年就避雨栽培技术对葡萄霜霉病的控制效果进行研究,得出避雨栽培技术对葡萄叶部霜霉病平均控制效果为91.51%,对葡萄果粒霜霉病控制效果为93.45%,控制效果均良好,并且对果粒霜霉病控制效果好于叶部霜霉病。葡萄避雨栽培技术不影响农事操作,造价低,具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

隐性白羽肉鸡(农大系)的染色体核型和G-带分析

本文运用鸡胚成纤维细胞系制备染色体和G显带技术,对隐性白羽肉鸡的染色体核型和G带带型进行了研究。结果表明:其二倍体染色体数目2n=78,性染色体组成为ZZ(公)和ZW(母)。根据着丝粒位置,1号,8号,Z和W为中着丝粒染色体;2号和7号为近中着丝粒染色体;4号为近端着丝粒染色体;而3,5,6,9,10,11和12号均为端着丝粒染色体,而另26对染色体为无法辨别的点状染色体。研究分析了前12对常染色体和性染色体的G带带型,并绘制了包含165条带(其中75条阳性带)的G-带模式图。     

半番鸭羽色性状AFLP标记初步研究

本研究初步利用AFLP标记对半番鸭及其母本-北京鸭进行检测。结果显示,AFLP标记扩增带丰富,10对引物组合共检测到2046条扩增带,平均每对引物组合/每个池DNA可产生60.15条。半番鸭白羽性状特有的扩增带共有15条,分布在E AAC/M CTA、E AAC/M CTT、E AAG/M CAG、E ACA/M CTC、E ACT/M CTA和E ACT/M CTC等6对引物组合上,为半番鸭个体羽色与AFLP标记相关分析和验证提供了素材。     

青花菜锌指蛋白基因BoCCCH1的克隆和表达分析

CCCH锌指蛋白广泛存在于真核生物中,在植物的生长、发育和逆境胁迫响应中起着重要作用。为获知青花菜CCCH转录因子基因的序列特征和表达特性,从青花菜叶片中克隆到1个CCCH基因,命名为Bo CCCH1,同时,利用RT-PCR方法研究了其在不同器官及霜霉菌侵染叶片中的表达模式。序列分析结果表明,Bo CCCH1的基因组全长为1 568 bp,包含1个长度为599 bp的内含子,2个长度分别为627 bp、342 bp的外显子,编码322个氨基酸,蛋白质的分子量与等电点分别为35 296.42 Da和8.47;Bo CCCH1有2个锌指结构,类型均为C-X8-C-X5-C-X3-H。系统发育分析结果表明,Bo CCCH1与其它植物的21条同源序列在进化树上分为6组,来自十字花科的CCCH与Bo CCCH1处于同一分支。基因表达结果表明,Bo CCCH1在叶、花茎、嫩角果、花蕾和花中表达,其中花茎和嫩角果的表达量最高,但在根中未检测到表达;在霜霉菌侵染下,叶片Bo CCCH1的表达量升高,到24 h和36 h时达到最大,推测Bo CCCH1与霜霉病抗性相关。本研究为进一步探明Bo CCCH1在霜霉病抗性反应中的功能奠定了基础。     

玉米霜霉病的侵染途径及防治措施

系统综述了玉米霜霉病的症状表现、发生规律和防治措施等方面的研究进展.加强进境植物检疫、及时清除病残体和选育高抗的玉米品种是防治玉米霜霉病的重中之重.     

Temporal disease dynamics and relative importance of sexual and asexual reproduction of grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) in an isolated vineyard in the North Georgia Mountains,USA

The North Georgia Mountains are the southernmost region along the United States East Coast where European wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) are grown commercially. Epidemics of downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, are frequent and severe, but little is known about the epidemiology and population biology of the pathogen in this region. Disease monitoring in an experimental vineyard from 2015 to 2017 indicated that times of disease onset and progress rates were highly variable across years and cultivars. Oospores were observed microscopically, and simulation with a process-based model indicated presence of conditions favourable for oospore germination in the spring and early summer each year. A total of 409 P. viticola isolates collected over three  years were genotyped with seven microsatellite markers, revealing very high genotypic diversity, which when combined with the observation of oospores is indicative of a sexually reproducing population. Among the 409 isolates, 225 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified, of which 164 were detected only once and 61 were repeated (clonal). Eight MLGs (represented by 28 isolates) were detected across years, suggesting the possibility of asexual overwintering of P. viticola in this region. Across sampling dates, the percentage of isolates belonging to nonrepeated (unique) MLGs ranged from 27.3% to 63.2%. Even towards the end of the annual epidemic, the percentage of isolates in nonrepeated MLGs was still relatively high, around 30%. These MLGs may have originated from oospores germinating late during the growing season, although incomplete sampling at earlier dates and contribution by immigration cannot be fully excluded.