腹泻犬源大肠埃希菌耐药性以及整合子–基因盒检测研究

【目的】了解腹泻犬源大肠埃希菌Escherichia coli的耐药性以及整合子携带情况。【方法】采用K-B纸片扩散法对30株分离自腹泻犬的大肠埃希菌进行19种抗菌药物的敏感性试验;PCR检测菌株中是否携带Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型整合酶基因,对携带有整合酶基因的阳性菌株进一步检测sul1、qac EΔ1基因以及可变区基因盒携带情况。【结果】30株分离株对19种抗菌药物表现出不同程度的耐药性,共产生18种耐药谱,对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、四环素和多西环素的耐药性较高,耐药率分别为90.00%、83.33%、66.67%和63.33%;对其余药物耐药性较低,耐药率低于14.00%;11株分离株含有Ⅰ型整合酶基因且均携带sul1和qacEΔ1基因,未检出Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型整合酶基因;Ⅰ型整合子阳性菌株中,有2株扩增出1 879 bp的耐药基因盒:dfrA12+orfF+aadA2。【结论】本次检测的腹泻犬源大肠埃希菌对抗菌药物呈不同水平的耐药性;基因盒介导的耐药性与菌株的耐药表型存在部分相关性,大肠埃希菌的耐药性与Ⅰ型整合子存在一定关系。     

娄底市草坪杂草种类、分布及危害

为探究娄底市草坪杂草种类、分布及危害状况,通过野外调查、查阅植物标本信息和文献资料,应用统计方法分析重要值等指标,确定娄底市草坪常见杂草有68种,隶属28科58属,以菊科、禾本科、伞形科为优势科;一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)、看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)、白茅(Imperata cylindrica)等13种杂草为杂草优势种,应列为主要防控对象。本研究为娄底市草坪杂草的防控与综合利用提供了重要资料,也可为其他地区杂草的类似研究参考。     

马铃薯中耕前期圆盘式中耕机设计与试验

针对现有马铃薯中耕机在第1次中耕作业时存在作业效果不佳、易伤苗的问题,对圆盘式马铃薯中耕机进行设计与试验。阐述了该机的工作原理,通过理论计算对其关键部件进行设计,根据农艺培土、除草等作业要求,确定了圆盘式马铃薯中耕机主要结构参数和作业参数;采用单因素和二次旋转正交组合试验,以耕作深度、机车前进速度、调节角为试验因素,以除草率及伤苗率为试验指标进行了样机试验。试验结果表明,当耕作深度为0.13 m、机车前进速度为4.6 km/h、调节角为52°时,除草率为95.2%,伤苗率为3.9%,满足国家标准伤苗率不大于5%、除草率不小于90%的要求。     

EoNPV对茶尺蠖两近缘种的毒力差异

茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedrosis virus,EoNPV)是一种重要的病原微生物,为进一步明确该病毒对茶尺蠖两近缘种的毒力差异,采用叶盘法对3龄茶尺蠖和灰茶尺蠖幼虫进行了EoNPV的毒力测定。研究显示,EoNPV对灰茶尺蠖的半致死剂量LD₅₀(median lethal dose)为茶尺蠖的28.9倍,EoNPV对灰茶尺蠖的致死中时间LT₅₀(median lethal time)大于茶尺蠖。结果表明,EoNPV对茶尺蠖两近缘种间的毒力存在差异,EoNPV对茶尺蠖具有更高的致病力,研究结果对EoNPV田间防治茶尺蠖两近缘种具有现实指导意义。     

Combination of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit and hyperintensity of intramedullary T2W on magnetic resonance imaging provides better prognostic value of canine thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of concurrent measurement of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) concentration and intramedullary T2W hyperintensity in paraplegic to paraplegic dogs. Our hypothesis was that concurrent measurement of these would provide a more accurate prediction of functional outcome in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH). A prospective case-control clinical study was designed using 94 dogs with acute onset of thoracolumbar IVDH. The association of serum pNF-H concentration, T2W hyperintensity on sagittal MRI (T2H/L2), deep pain perception and surgical outcome were evaluated with logistic regression analysis after three months for all 94 surgically treated dogs. Sensitivity to predict non-ambulatory outcome was compared among pNF-H and T2H/L2 and combination of both. Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum pNF-H concentration and T2H/L2 were significantly correlated with surgical outcome (P<0.05); however, deep pain perception was not (P=0.41). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratios of unsuccessful long-term outcome were 2.6 for serum pNF-H concentration, 1.9 for T2H/L2 and 2.3 for deep pain sensation. The sensitivity and specificity to predict non-ambulatory outcome for using serum parameter pNF-H>2.6 ng/ml, using T2H/L2 value of>0.84 and using both serum pNF-H and T2H/L2, were 95% and 75.7%, 65% and 86.5%, and 90.0% and 97.5%, respectively. Therefore, combined measurements of serum pNF-H and T2H/L2 might be useful for predicting long-term outcome in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH.     

改善城市绿化生态效益的途径探讨

从国情和生态角度出发,针对当前城市绿化中存在的问题,以国内外城市改善生态环境成功经验为例,并通过树木和草坪的综合比较,提出城市绿化应因地制宜,以栽树为主,乔灌草结合,注重生态系统的完整性和效益最大化,发展生态园林,改善城市生态环境。     

生态园林绿地建设中应用树木与草坪效果对比分析

本文从树木与草坪在用水量、观赏时间、造价、管理成本和环保上的 5项指标进行对比 ,论述了风沙、干旱地区的绿地建设应该是树木为本 ,花草点缀 ,乔木为主 ,灌木为辅的原则。     

浅谈北方地区草坪的养护与管理

草坪建好后,要根据草坪植物的生长习性,立地环境,生长状况及草坪的用途等进行科学的养护管理。使草坪正常生长,平整如茵,青翠茂盛、持久不衰,达到预期的绿化效果。如果放松了这项工作,草坪则会生长不良,茎叶老化,杂草丛生、使建造的草坪失败。     

长沙冷季型草坪草引种试验

为了给长沙地区草坪建植和草种选用提供栽培依据，3年来对高羊茅、草地早熟禾、粗茎早熟禾、翦股颖、多年生黑麦草5个冷季型草坪草的42个品种进行了引种栽培试验，筛选出绿色期长、抗逆性好、适合长沙气候的冷季型草坪草品种有高山、浪潮、优异、华盛顿、公园、兰肯、猎狗5号、交战2号、L5、侵略者、百都11个。