DMDC前处理对巨峰冰葡萄酒发酵及其品质的影响

【目的】研究二甲基二碳酸盐(DMDC)杀菌技术对巨峰冰葡萄酒发酵过程及品质的影响,为DMDC应用于巨峰冰葡萄酒发酵加工提供理论依据。【方法】在糖质量浓度分别为350和400 g/L的浓缩葡萄浆醪中,分别添加250 mg/L DMDC和200 mg/L亚硫酸盐进行杀菌处理,比较2种杀菌处理方法对巨峰冰葡萄酒发酵期间可溶性固形物、总糖、还原糖、酒精度、pH、总酸、挥发酸、花色苷等理化指标及酒体感官评分的影响。【结果】处理前,当糖质量浓度分别为350和400 g/L时,其对葡萄醪的微生物菌落总数无显著影响。与处理前相比,DMDC处理能降低葡萄醪的菌落总数、霉菌和乳酸菌菌落数,优于亚硫酸盐处理;DMDC处理使葡萄醪的酵母菌菌落数降低至检测限之下,而亚硫酸盐对酵母菌只有微弱的杀菌作用。当糖质量浓度为400 g/L时,DMDC处理的可溶性固形物、总糖、还原糖质量浓度均高于亚硫酸盐处理,且二者之间差异显著;当糖质量浓度为350 g/L时,DMDC与亚硫酸盐处理之间的可溶性固形物、总糖、还原糖质量浓度无差异显著。在整个发酵过程中,当糖质量浓度分别为350和400 g/L时,DMDC处理的酒精度、pH均高于亚硫酸盐处理,DMDC处理的花色苷质量浓度低于亚硫酸盐处理,但二者总酸质量浓度差异不大。在发酵前期,各处理组的挥发酸质量浓度无显著差异(P0.05);在发酵后期,当糖质量浓度为400 g/L时,DMDC和亚硫酸盐处理的挥发酸质量浓度均较高。由感官评价结果可知,DMDC处理能改善巨峰冰葡萄酒的口感,酒体颜色呈桃红色;亚硫酸盐处理巨峰冰葡萄酒的口感较差,酒体颜色呈紫红的宝石色。【结论】用250 mg/L DMDC对葡萄浆醪进行处理可能成为一种有效控制发酵冰葡萄酒品质的杀菌前处理方式。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

二甲醚发动机的研究与开发

介绍了二甲醚作为代用燃料的性能优势,二甲醚发动机的结构、原理和排放应对措施     

乙醇、乙二醇二甲醚与柴油混合燃料排放特性研究

提出了将乙二醇二甲醚作为乙醇柴油燃料的一种组成成分,利用乙二醇二甲醚好的发火性来改善乙醇柴油燃料差的发火性。试验表明乙二醇二甲醚与乙醇、柴油互溶,具有较好的稳定性。对三种比例混合燃料测试了柴油机在主要工况下的性能与排放特性,得出乙二醇二甲醚加入量以E20为最佳,此时,烟度降低了约80%,NOx略有增加,燃油消耗率略有下降。此外考察了随着十六烷值的变化对混合燃料的排放特性的影响,得出随着十六烷值的增加,NOx排放逐渐增加,对烟度和经济性存在一个最佳值。     

在常压和加压条件下直接合成萜烯马来酸二甲酯加合物

以工业双戊烯为原料,马来酸二甲酯为双烯加成试剂,在常压和加压两种条件下合成了萜烯马来酸二甲酯加合物。常压下,加热至185℃回流10 h,产率为55%;压力反应釜中,压力为1.5 MPa,反应温度为240℃,反应2 h即可进行完全,产率为78.6%。纯化产物用GC-MS、1H NMR和FT-IR进行了表征。GC-MS表明经蒸馏纯化的产物中分子离子峰质荷比为280.1的萜烯马来酸二甲酯同分异构体约有20个,纯度为95.2%。经产物的1H NMR计算得到产物中Diels-Alder加成物质量分数为35%。     

梨小食心虫性信息素的合成

以8-溴代辛醇、三苯基膦和正丁醛为原料,分别以二甲亚砜钠盐和二甲亚砜作为强碱和溶剂,通过Wittig试剂合成梨小食心虫性信息素,收率30％。产物结构经IR、NMR、MS分析得到证实。提出的合成方法原料易得,路线短,副产物少,操作简单常规。     

Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on endotoxin -induced fever in rabbits

AIM:To investigate the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on endotoxin -induced fever in rabbits. METHODS:Test substances were administered intravenously into a marginal ear vein. Temperature responses were measured using rectal thermistor probes. RESULTS:Endotoxin (0.4 μg/kg) stimulated a biphasic rise in colonic temperature. Pretreatment with dimethyl sulfoxide significantly attenuated the biphasic febrile response to endotoxin (0.4 μg/kg) of conscious rabbits in a dose-dependent manner. Rabbits treated with dimethyl sulfoxide 10 min after injection of endotoxin developed fever, which was significantly milder compared with rabbits treated with an equal volume of normal saline. No significant differences were found between thermal response index of rabbits injected with dimethyl sulfoxide and those with normal saline. CONCLUSION:Dimethyl sulfoxide inhibit endotoxin-induced fever in rabbits.     

耐受自身代谢产物及耐二甲基亚砜红霉素高产菌株的选育

为提高红霉素发酵单位,考察了二甲基亚砜(DMSO)添加时间和体积分数对红霉素合成的影响,采用筛选自身代谢产物突变株的方法,将突变株进行常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变和耐受高浓度DMSO处理。结果显示,在36 h向发酵瓶中添加30000μg/m L红霉素,筛选得到化学效价比对照提高22.4%的菌株。DMSO最适添加时间为发酵48 h,最适添加剂量为0.2%,其可提高发酵单位10.1%。     

不同浓度配比的PEG、二甲基亚砜和水杨酸引发对玉米种子抗寒性的影响

以玉米杂交种创奇518新种子为材料,以不同浓度配比的聚乙二醇（PEG）、二甲基亚砜和水杨酸组合作为引发剂,采用L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计,通过低温种植处理,研究提高玉米种子抗寒性的3种引发剂的最佳浓度配比。结果表明,不同配比引发处理的玉米种子发芽势、发芽率、苗鲜重、活力指数、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均表现出明显差异。以浓度为20%的PEG、浓度为0.5%的二甲基亚砜和浓度为0.007%的水杨酸组合处理种子的发芽率、活力指数最高,幼苗长势整齐一致,POD和CAT较对照有明显提高。