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为探究养殖过程中池塘内循环流水养殖模式(inner-pond raceway aquaculture, IPRA)对大口黑鲈生长性能、抗氧化酶、消化酶、消化道组织结构及菌落结构的影响。将池塘内循环流水养殖的4条水槽设置为流水组2条和对照组2条,进行为期153 d的养殖实验,分别在养殖中期和末期测量相关生长、生化指标及观察组织形态结构,并采用Illumina Miseq测序平台对消化道中的微生物进行分析。结果显示:①养殖中期,流水组的增重率、特定生长率和肥满度低于对照静水组;至养殖末期,流水组的增重率、特定生长率和肥满度持续下降,但成活率一直高于静水组。②养殖中期,流水组肝脏SOD和CAT显著高于静水组,流水组MDA显著低于静水组,流水组消化酶活性显著高于静水组;至养殖末期,抗氧化酶和消化酶均不同程度下降,但流水组SOD仍显著高于静水组,MDA显著低于静水组。③流水组大口黑鲈肠绒毛高度及密度均明显高于静水组,且养殖中期分泌消化酶较多,运动加强了肠道消化吸收功能。④养殖中期,流水养殖使大口黑鲈肠胃菌群的物种多样性和均匀度明显增高,至养殖末期,流水组的肠胃多样性和均匀度指数不断下降;养殖中期流水组和静水组胃分别为柔膜菌门和蓝细菌,静水组肠主要优势菌依次为变形菌门和厚壁菌门,流水组肠主要优势菌分别为厚壁菌门和变形菌门;至养殖后期时,流水组和静水组胃肠优势菌群均为柔膜菌门;而养殖水体的优势菌为变形菌门和放线菌门。研究表明,IPRA模式下的持续运动会降低其生长指标,但能够提高其成活率,增强其免疫和消化能力,改善肠胃菌群结构,尤其是处于生长期效果更明显,而至养殖末期运动状态可能会打破肠道菌群平衡,引发疾病,应加强养殖管理。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究日粮中添加中药复方发酵粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和消化酶活性的影响。选择32头体重为(14.96±0.96)kg的健康42日龄"杜×长×大"三元断奶仔猪,随机分成4个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其余3组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加金霉素75 mg/kg、中药复方发酵粉600 mg/kg及金霉素75 mg/kg+中药复方发酵粉600 mg/kg。试验期为42 d。结果表明,日粮中添加中药复方发酵粉显著提高了仔猪的干物质、有机物和碳水化合物的表观消化率及表观消化能(P<0.05),提高了必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸(甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸)的表观消化率及脂肪酶活性(十二指肠、空肠、回肠)和淀粉酶活性(回肠)(P<0.05)。金霉素和中药复方发酵粉对仔猪日增重、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的表观消化率及表观消化能和亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸的表观消化率有显著的交互效应(P<0.05);与对照组相比,金霉素组和中药复方发酵粉组显著提高了日增重、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的表观消化率及苯丙氨酸和丝氨酸的表观消化率(P<0.05),但两组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,日粮中添加600 mg/kg中药复方发酵粉能提高断奶仔猪养分表观消化率、氨基酸表观消化率和肠道消化酶活性。 相似文献
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肠道炎症已成为我国社会健康的难题和挑战,其发病率在我国迅速增长。肠道炎症发病原因复杂,目前尚缺乏有效的缓解药物,因此加强肠道炎症有效缓解物质的研发至关重要。低聚半乳糖(galactooligosaccharide,GOS)是一种食疗益生性较优的乳源功能性低聚糖,能够有效促进肠道内益生菌的增殖,改变肠道菌群结构,刺激免疫应答,进而改善肠黏膜屏障功能,缓解肠道炎症。本文综述近年来国内外有关肠道炎症及GOS干预缓解肠道炎症作用的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行展望,为此领域的研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Mineral contents of the muscle tissue and the digestive gland of Octopus vulgaris during short‐term starvation 下载免费PDF全文
We used spectrometry to study variation in the contents of minor (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and major essential elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P) in the muscle tissue and digestive glands of Octopus vulgaris after 1, 2, 4 or 8 days of starvation and in fed controls. The contents of the major essential elements remained constant during 8 days of starvation. Na was the principal element found in both tissues, followed by K, P and Mg. The contents of the minor essential elements were higher in the digestive gland than in the muscle tissue, with increased contents of Fe, Mn and Zn (p < .05) during starvation, confirming the high capacity of this organ to accumulate trace minerals. In muscle tissues, B, Fe and Mn contents were lower and Cu and Zn contents higher, in starved animals than in fed animals (p < .05). Significant negative correlations between the digestive gland index and the contents of Cu, Fe and Zn suggested that the loss of weight of the digestive gland during starvation is responsible for this increase in mineral concentration. This and further information on variation in mineral content will help to optimize performance of diets formulated for the octopus. 相似文献
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Antioxidant‐related parameters,digestive enzyme activity and intestinal morphology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry fed graded levels of red seaweed,Gracilaria pygmaea 下载免费PDF全文
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary red seaweed, Gracilaria pygmaea level on growth, antioxidant‐related parameters, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal morphology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain four G. pygmaea levels (30 (GL‐30), 60 (GL‐60), 90 (GL‐90) and 120 g/kg (GL‐120)), and a control diet was used, without inclusion of seaweed. Results of the feeding trial indicated that final body (FBW: 2.8–3.5 g) and specific growth rate (SGR: 4.8–5.2) were significantly improved when 60 g/kg G. pygmaea was supplemented in the diets. However, there was a significant reduction (p < .05) of final body weight (FBW) and specific growth rate (SGR) in fish fed 120 g/kg G. pygmaea. Protease activity was significantly lower in fish fed GL‐120 diet when compared to GL‐30 or control (p < .05). Lipase was significantly affected by dietary seaweed regardless its level of supplementation (p < .05). The inclusion of the Gracilaria in the diet led to evident changes in the fish antioxidant status with significant reduction of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation products. The histological study demonstrated that all groups of fish displayed normal morphology of anterior intestine and pyloric caeca. Villi absorptive area in the anterior intestine of treatment groups GL‐90 and GL‐120 significantly decreased (p < .05). Overall, the results obtained in this study indicate that dietary G. pygmaea supplementation up to 90 g/kg improves growth performance in rainbow trout fry without compromising antioxidant responses and digestive function. 相似文献
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Cross‐effects of dietary probiotic supplementation and rearing temperature on growth performance,digestive enzyme activities,cumulative mortality and innate immune response in seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 下载免费PDF全文
L.F. Pereira M.J. Peixoto P. Carvalho K. Sansuwan G.A. Santos J.F.M. Gonçalves R.O.A. Ozório 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(1):453-460
Probiotic influence on fish immune response and digestive capacity is extensively discussed in aquaculture. In this experiment, a feeding trial was carried out for 100 days to evaluate the cross‐effects of probiotic supplementation and rearing temperature (17, 20 and 23°C) in juvenile seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). The experimental diet was supplemented with a commercial probiotic blend (Biomin AquaStar Growout) at 3 g/kg diet (5.23 × 108 CFU/kg diet), and tested against a non‐supplemented diet (control). Growth performance and innate immune responses were analysed at 70 and 100 days of feeding, whereas digestive enzyme activities were determined at 100 days of feeding. At the end of the feeding trial, fish were subjected to a handling stress and cumulative mortality was recorded. Digestive enzyme activities were influenced by temperature, with α‐amylase and lipase activities peaking at the higher temperature (23°C) and trypsin at the lower temperature (17°C). Immune parameters showed a significant temperature versus feeding duration effect, with complement system (ACH50) and peroxidase peaking at 70 and 100 days of feeding, respectively. Poststress cumulative mortality was higher at the lowest temperature (17°C), especially in fish fed the control diet. In conclusion, water temperature was the main variable affecting the studied parameters, whereas the dietary probiotic supplementation had influence on the chymotrypsin activity and survival rate in seabass reared at 17°C. 相似文献