基于 ddRADseq 的马铃薯品种遗传多样性分析

[目的]收集国内外马铃薯品种(系)资源,研究马铃薯种质群体结构和遗传多样性,开发SNP分子标记,为马铃薯品种鉴定、分子标记辅助选择育种奠定基础.[方法]提取马铃薯嫩芽基因组DNA,利用限制性内切酶MseI和SacI进行双酶切建库,质量检测合格后用Illumina HiSeq平台进行双末端测序,用BWA软件将测序数据与马铃薯参考基因组进行比对,采用GATK软件进行SNP和InDel变异位点检测,利用ANNOVAR软件进行变异注释,并基于上述变异信息对群体结构进行Structure分析、主成分分析(PCA)和遗传多样性分析.[结果]通过简化基因组测序共获得7.50×108条测序reads和2.04×1011个碱基,共检测到39038个变异位点,其中SNP位点36267个,InDel位点2771个;基于上述变异位点的Structure和PCA分析均将研究群体划分为两个亚群,群体系统发生分析表明,G2亚群中的个体聚类在一起,亲缘关系较近,但与其他个体相比G2亚群中的分枝距离中心较远,积累了更多的变异量;群体的平均多态性信息含量PIC=0.3107,期望杂合度He=0.3932,观测杂合度Ho=0.1852,群体自交系数Fis=0.553,表明马铃薯品种(系)间遗传多样性较低;开发了覆盖马铃薯12条染色体且包含120个SNP标记的SNP-Panel,并选取其中的60个标记在46个样品中进行了验证.[结论]研究结果为马铃薯遗传多样性研究、分子标记辅助选择育种、分子身份证开发、遗传图谱构建奠定了一定基础.     

Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for ascochyta blight and botrytis grey mould resistance in an inter-specific cross in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) using genotyping by sequencing

Ascochyta blight (AB) and botrytis grey mould (BGM) are the most devastating fungal diseases of chickpea worldwide. The wild relative of chickpea, C. reticulatum acc. ILWC 292 was found resistant to BGM whereas, GPF2 (Cicer arietinum L.) is resistant to AB. A total of 187 F₈ Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) developed from an inter-specific cross of GPF2 × C. reticulatum acc. ILWC 292 were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for resistance to AB and BGM. RILs along with parents were evaluated under artificial epiphytotic field/laboratory conditions for two years. Highly significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed for reaction to both pathogens in both years. Parents and RILs were genotyped-by-sequencing to identify genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). A total of 1365 filtered and parental polymorphic SNPs were used for linkage map construction, of which, 673 SNPs were arranged on eight linkage groups. Composite interval mapping revealed three QTLs for AB and four QTLs for BGM resistance. Out of which, two QTLs for AB and three QTLs for BGM were consistent in both years. These QTLs can be targeted for further fine mapping for deployment of resistance to AB and BGM in elite chickpea cultivars using marker-assisted-selection.