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1.
拟果蝇钠离子通道基因克隆及其生物信息学分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文采用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了拟果蝇Drosophila simulans电压门控钠离子通道基因序列,明确其典型特征,分析了进化关系,为拟果蝇抗性分子机理研究奠定基础。克隆得到拟果蝇钠离子通道开放阅读框(GenBank登录号为MT113357),长为6270 bp,编码2090个氨基酸。通过生物信息学分析,发现拟果蝇与黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster钠离子通道基因相似度高达96.86%,与家蝇Musca domestica钠离子通道基因相似度达88.75%,在进化起源上与双翅目果蝇属昆虫有极高的相似度。所克隆出的序列符合昆虫钠离子通道的基本特征,具有DEKA模块和疏水性失活闸门MFM。获得三个选择性剪接(i、a、b)和17个RNA编辑。本文成功克隆拟果蝇钠离子通道基因,对拟果蝇钠离子通道基因进行分析,为研究其抗性机理奠定基础,为农业生产新型药剂的开发提供了新思路。  相似文献   
2.
为实现收获后含杂马铃薯中土块石块的快速检测和剔除,提出了一种基于改进YOLO v4模型的马铃薯中土块石块检测方法。YOLO v4模型以CSPDarknet53为主干特征提取网络,在保证检测准确率的前提下,利用通道剪枝算法对模型进行剪枝处理,以简化模型结构、降低运算量。采用Mosaic数据增强方法扩充图像数据集(8621幅图像),对模型进行微调,实现了马铃薯中土块石块的检测。测试表明,剪枝后模型总参数量减少了94.37%,模型存储空间下降了187.35 MB,前向运算时间缩短了0.02 s,平均精度均值(Mean average precision, mAP)下降了2.1个百分点,说明剪枝处理可提升模型性能。为验证模型的有效性,将本文模型与5种深度学习算法进行比较,结果表明,本文算法mAP为96.42%,比Faster R-CNN、Tiny-YOLO v2、YOLO v3、SSD分别提高了11.2、11.5、5.65、10.78个百分点,比YOLO v4算法降低了0.04个百分点,模型存储空间为20.75 MB,检测速度为78.49 f/s,满足实际生产需要。  相似文献   
3.
为了解金属硫酸盐浸种对水稻种子萌发和秧苗吸收Cd等元素的影响,以水稻品种五丰优286为试验材料,选择多种浓度的硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)、硫酸锌(ZnSO4)和硫酸锰(MnSO4)作为浸种剂进行室内催芽和水培试验,测定水稻胚根长、胚芽长、发芽率,以及秧苗中的Cd、Mg、B、P、K含量。结果显示,FeSO4和MnSO4浸种均可提高水稻的发芽率,促进胚根和胚芽生长,且能有效降低秧苗中的Cd含量;而ZnSO4浸种对水稻胚根和胚芽的生长表现出明显的抑制作用,且会增加秧苗中的Cd含量。FeSO4和MnSO4浸种对水稻秧苗Mg、B、P、K的吸收无明显抑制作用,且FeSO4浸种对秧苗B的吸收有促进作用。总的来看,FeSO4和MnSO4浸种具有较好的降低水稻Cd吸收的应用潜力,值得进一步深入研究。  相似文献   
4.
  1. Many river rehabilitation projects have been criticized for failing to meet their goals or for being insufficiently monitored. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop robust approaches for assessing treatment efficacy and thus guide the increasing investment in rehabilitation.
  2. Instream biotopes (formerly called ‘functional habitats’ or ‘mesohabitats’ by different authors) and their macroinvertebrate assemblages were used to assess the effectiveness of entire-channel hydromorphological rehabilitation of a 1.8-km stretch of a lowland stream through the town of Market Harborough, Leicestershire, UK.
  3. The project successfully enhanced the physical diversity, measured in the rehabilitated reach as the coefficients of variability for channel water depth and width, wet surface area, number of instream biotopes, and biotope diversity.
  4. The project also enhanced the biodiversity conservation value, measured as macroinvertebrate total density, total biomass, richness, diversity, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness, EPT diversity, EPT count%, and EPT biomass%, all of which significantly increased following rehabilitation. Chironomidae count% and biomass% significantly decreased following rehabilitation. Rehabilitation was also successful in significantly increasing macroinvertebrate shredder, scraper, and filter-feeder group density.
  5. Changes in the macroinvertebrate community metrics in the rehabilitated reach were related significantly to changes in the percentages of cover of instream biotopes and increases in biotope diversity in the rehabilitated reach.
  6. Macroinvertebrate structural and functional metrics can provide quantitative data for assessing reach-level rehabilitation outcomes, if samples are collected in a pre-defined sampling protocol stratified at the instream biotope level.
  7. The practical implications of this work are that the design of rehabilitation projects, if based upon the recreation of biotope heterogeneity, will succeed in improving biological value and restoring the area to near naturalness if a suitable upstream source of macroinvertebrates for natural recolonization is available. The study shows that the concept of biotopes has an important role to play in river conservation management.
  相似文献   
5.
Most of the shellfish fisheries of Mexico occur in the Gulf of California. In this region, known for its high primary productivity, blooms of diatoms and dinoflagellates are common, occurring mainly during upwelling events. Dinoflagellates that produce lipophilic toxins are present, where some outbreaks related to okadaic acid and dinophisystoxins have been recorded. From January 2015 to November 2017 samples of three species of wild bivalve mollusks were collected monthly in five sites in the southern region of Bahía de La Paz. Pooled tissue extracts were analyzed using LC-MS/MS to detect lipophilic toxins. Eighteen analogs of seven toxin groups, including cyclic imines were identified, fortunately individual toxins did not exceed regulatory levels and also the total toxin concentration for each bivalve species was lower than the maximum permitted level for human consumption. Interspecific differences in toxin number and concentration were observed in three species of bivalves even when the samples were collected at the same site. Okadaic acid was detected in low concentrations, while yessotoxins and gymnodimines had the highest concentrations in bivalve tissues. Although in low quantities, the presence of cyclic imines and other lipophilic toxins in bivalves from the southern Gulf of California was constant.  相似文献   
6.
【目的】水稻花期偶遇干热风/干旱,导致脆弱的生殖细胞快速失水,极大地降低产量,这一过程中钙离子作为通用的第二信使传导了干旱或其他逆境信号,但背后的分子机制尚不清楚。分析钙离子透过性胁迫反应阳离子通道家族(calcium-permeable stress-responsive cation channels,CSCs)基因的生理和分子功能,为研究作物干热风的感应机制提供新的理论基础和思路。【方法】采用电生理学和遗传学方法,利用双电极电压钳技术在水稻中鉴定得到一个具有典型特征的受体类-钙通道蛋白,名为OsCSC11,对其蛋白序列进行生物信息学和进化关系分析。运用qRT-PCR和GUS报告基因活性分析确认OsCSC11的表达模式,在拟南芥原生质体细胞和洋葱表皮细胞中瞬时表达OsCSC11-GFP融合蛋白,验证OsCSC11的亚细胞定位;同时利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术获得OsCSC11的突变体,并通过细胞学等手段分析突变体表型和相关生理功能。【结果】蛋白序列比对发现,OsCSC11具有CSCs家族成员典型的保守结构域DUF221,但与其他成员序列差异大,存在不同于其他成员的特异结构域(motif)属于独立的亚家族。OsCSC11主要在水稻的花药和叶片中表达,进一步分析发现全长OsCSC11处于静息状态,可被高渗透溶液激活;但是删除N端156氨基酸(TM1-3)之后的OsCSC11ΔTM1-3具有组成型的通道活性,特异选择钙、镁二价阳离子;推测TM1-3是这类通道的受体结构域,感应干热风胁迫,而OsCSC11ΔTM1-3区域负责钙信号产生。OsCSC11和OsCSC11ΔTM1-3均定位在细胞质膜上,与其干热风的受体功能相适应。与野生型相比,功能缺失突变体oscsc11-1oscsc11-2的雄蕊较小、花药表面蹙皱,整体多呈弯曲状态,花粉含水量较低,败育率高达60%—70%。【结论】OsCSC11是水稻感应短期干热风/干旱刺激、介导钙离子内流,调控花药水分状态和花粉发育的受体类钙通道,可能参与了水稻雄蕊应对干热风的原初感应过程。  相似文献   
7.
研究了超声提取-离子色谱法测定芹菜中氯含量的方法。芹菜经超声提取20 min后,以浓度4.5 mmol/L Na2CO3和0.8 mmol/L NaHCO3为淋洗液,经IonPacAG23分离测定。本方法具有快速、灵敏、准确度高,适合于芹菜中氯量的测定。  相似文献   
8.
以低压旋转式喷头为研究对象,选择喷盘空间流道的结构参数:出口截面形状、流道偏转角、流道型线弧长、出口仰角作为试验因素,采用L43(9)的正交设计,测量了工作压力为250 kPa时,不同因素水平下各试验喷头的水量分布和流量,并利用线性插值法计算了单喷头的射程,选用Matlab软件模拟了正方形布置下喷头的组合均匀系数,分析了空间流道各结构参数值对喷头水力性能的影响规律.结果表明:低压喷头空间流道的出口截面为圆形和倒U形时,其喷洒均匀性优于出口截面为异形的喷头;空间流道结构参数的改变对流量基本无影响,波动范围在±0.1 m3/h.运用综合评分法分析得到各空间流道结构参数因素对组合均匀系数和射程的综合评价指标影响的主次顺序为流道偏转角、出口截面形状、出口仰角、流道型线弧长、最终得出低压旋转式喷头空间流道结构参数的最佳组合为出口截面圆形,流道偏转角4.5°,流道型线半径29 mm,出口仰角25°.  相似文献   
9.
武小曼  方红  聂品  昌鸣先 《水产学报》2020,44(9):1525-1538
组蛋白是染色体核小体的重要组分,在调控染色质结构、基因转录、个体发育等不同生物学过程中起着重要作用。为了研究鱼类组蛋白基因是否存在核苷酸的多态性以及组蛋白核苷酸多态性是否会影响鱼类的抗病力,本实验以斑马鱼和草鱼为研究对象,通过PCR扩增克隆了组蛋白H2A的全长开放阅读框;利用过表达技术、菌落平板计数、感染存活分析以及荧光定量PCR技术,研究了斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性不同变异体在杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染中的作用。在本研究中,实验发现鱼类组蛋白H2A存在着丰富的核苷酸多态性。序列分析结果显示斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性的变异体核苷酸序列相似性为90%~100%;而两两H2A核苷酸多态性变异体氨基酸序列之间最多只有3个位点存在差异。通过体内和体外抗菌实验可知,斑马鱼和草鱼组蛋白H2A核苷酸的多态性显著影响H2A的抗菌活性。此外,筛选出的抗菌组蛋白H2A核苷酸多态性的变异体在斑马鱼体内的过表达,不仅具有免疫增强的作用,还能显著增强斑马鱼对杀鱼爱德华氏菌感染的抗病力。本研究为筛选具有抗病作用的组蛋白H2A免疫保护原奠定了重要基础。  相似文献   
10.
《农业科学学报》2019,18(10):2351-2360
As a member of the Frizzled family, Frizzled3(FZD3) is a receptor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays a vital role in mammalian hair follicle developmental processes. However, its effects on wool traits are not clear. The objectives of this study were to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and the expression patterns of FZD3 gene, and then to determine whether it affected wool traits of Chinese Merino sheep(Xinjiang Type) or not. PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism(PCR-SSCP) and sequencing were used to identify mutation loci, and general linear model(GLM) with SAS 9.1 was used for the association analysis between wool traits and SNPs. Quantitative real-time PCR(q RTPCR) was used to investigate FZD3 gene expression levels. The results showed that six exons of FZD3 gene were amplified and two mutation loci were identified in exon 1(NC_019459.2: g.101771685 TC(SNP1)) and exon 3(NC_019459.2: g.101810848, AC(SNP2)), respectively. Association analysis showed that SNP1 was significantly associated with mean fiber diameter(MFD)(P=0.04) and live weight(LW)(P=0.0004), SNP2 was significantly associated with greasy fleece weight(GFW)(P=0.04). The expression level of FZD3 gene in skin tissues of the superfine wool(SF) group was significantly lower(P0.05) than that of the fine wool(F) group. Moreover, it had a higher expression level(P0.01) in skin tissues than in other tissues of Chinese Merino ewes. While, its expression level had a fluctuant expression in skin tissues at different developmental stages of embryos and born lambs, with the highest expression levels(P0.01) at the 65 th day of embryos. Our study revealed the genetic relationship between FZD3 variants and wool traits and two identified SNPs might serve as potential and valuable genetic markers for sheep breeding and lay a molecular genetic foundation for sheep markerassisted selection(MAS).  相似文献   
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