《全唐诗》中荷花五感疗法分析

以荷花为例,用Nvivo软件提取《全唐诗》与荷相关的诗句,从环境心理学的五感疗法角度,分别统计视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉词汇单维度和多维度的出现频次,分析《全唐诗》中荷花五感疗法潜力。结果表明:荷花的视觉和嗅觉景观更容易被诗人感知,触觉景观次之,而荷花的味觉景观体验和听觉景观体验感知较少且单一。根据五感疗法和园艺疗法效果,建议加强荷花景观中的视觉景观体验和嗅觉景观体验设计,增强荷花的五感疗愈效果,促进人体的身心健康。     

Effects of commercial thinning,log position in the stem,and cutting width on the surface quality of cants produced by a chipper-canter

Fifteen stems of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) of 3 commercial thinned plots (control, moderate, and intensive thinning) and 15 stems of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P), both coming from the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region – Canada, were cross-cut into three 2.4?m length sections: bottom, middle, and top logs. Logs were processed with a chipper-canter at three cutting widths (12.7, 19.1, and 25.4?mm), producing chips and a three-faced cant. The middle section of the cant was used to evaluate surface quality across the grain on each face. Roughness and waviness parameters and depth of torn grain were recorded. Knot characteristics were assessed in the three cant faces. Poorer surface quality was found in the lower part compared to the upper part of the cant for both species. At larger cutting widths, jack pine logs coming from a natural stand showed lower surface quality compared to logs from thinned stands. Black spruce waviness increased with the cutting width and stem height. These results were attributed to the increase of forces and vibration when cutting at larger cutting widths, which was worsened by the presence of bigger, more numerous knots at the control plot and in the top logs. Black spruce had deeper torn grain compared to jack pine. Their differences in knot characteristics resulted in a maximum torn grain depth favored by the presence of more knots rather than by bigger knot size. Other knot characteristics, such as the position of the knots in the cant face, the insertion angle of the branch and the distribution of the knots around the log, should be studied to better understand the relationship between torn grain formation and knottiness.     

割前摘脱收获机立式离心分离复脱清选装置优化

针对水稻割前摘脱脱出物草谷比低和处理量大的特点,为提高谷物脱出物的处理能力,设计了一种可循环喂入的立式离心分离复脱清选装置并对其进行了响应面优化试验。以喂入速度和螺旋输送器转速为影响因素,以分离率、复脱率和破碎率为试验指标,通过二次正交旋转中心组合试验得到了其性能指标和工作参数的响应曲面模型。利用Design-Expert软件分析各参数对性能指标的交互作用可知,输送器转速对分离率、复脱率和破碎率的影响较大,而喂入速度则较小。通过多目标优化,得到最佳工作参数:输送器转速541.4 r/min、喂入量1.226 kg/s;在该参数组合下的期望结果:分离率为90.4%、复脱率为66.1%、破碎率为0.77%;在该参数组合下的验证性试验结果:分离率为89.4%、复脱率为65.2%、破碎率为0.83%。结果表明立式离心分离复脱清选装置处理效率高,谷物损伤小,能够适应对割前摘脱脱出物的处理要求。     

切花菊‘白扇’开放式组培快繁体系的建立

以切花菊‘白扇’的带腋芽茎段为外植体,以次氯酸钠为表面消毒剂,确定最佳的消毒浓度及消毒时间;以山梨酸钾、次氯酸钠和代森锰锌为抑菌剂,确定开放式初代、继代和生根培养基中抑菌剂的最佳组合,建立开放式组培快繁体系。试验结果表明：外植体最佳消毒条件为0.1%（V/V）次氯酸钠消毒15 min;在初代培养基中,抑菌剂最佳组合为50 mg/L代森锰锌、0.01%（V/V）次氯酸钠和5 mg/L山梨酸钾,该组合的污染率较低,为36.7%。开放式培养中芽的生长情况、诱导率均无显著差异;在继代增殖和生根培养阶段,抑菌剂的最佳组合为40 mg/L代森锰锌、0.01%（V/V）次氯酸钠和5 mg/L山梨酸钾,芽的增殖系数和生根率较高,分别为5.93%、80.0%,芽生长良好,与常规组培无明显差异。     

浙江省油菜花期降水量风险评估

对浙江省66个县市(区)1971—2014年油菜花期降水量及油菜产量资料进行统计分析,并基于信息扩散的风险评估模型,对浙江省油菜花期降水量在各级降水量下的超越概率进行计算分析,评估各地油菜花期面临的旱涝风险;同时分析了浙江省油菜花期各级降水量风险值与油菜产量变化之间的关系。结果表明:油菜花期降水量严重过剩的风险高值区主要位于浙西南地区,降水量短缺风险高值区主要位于浙江省沿海岛屿及宁波的部分县市;浙江省油菜花期降水量短缺基本可以通过灌溉得到改善,但油菜减产与花期降水量过多显著相关,油菜花期降水量300 mm是油菜是否减产的阈值。该结果可为油菜种植合理布局及农业保险政策提供科学依据。     

添加槐花粉对白三叶青贮发酵品质的影响

采用单因子随机设计，研究添加不同比例的槐(Sophora japonica)花粉对白三叶 (Trifolium repens)青贮发酵品质的影响，以期为槐花应用于青贮饲料生产提供科学依据。分别设置白三叶单独青贮(C)、95%白三叶 + 5%槐花粉青贮(T1)、90%白三叶 + 10%槐花粉青贮(T2)、85%白三叶 + 15%槐花粉青贮(T3)、80%白三叶 + 20%槐花粉青贮(T4)共5个处理。结果表明，白三叶单独青贮品质较差，添加槐花粉提高了青贮原料的干物质、水溶性碳水化合物含量和发酵系数，降低了缓冲能值，使得青贮后的感官评分、乳酸、乳酸 ? 乙酸、干物质、水溶性碳水化合物、粗蛋白质含量显著提高(P ≤ 0.05)，pH、氨氮 ? 总氮、乙酸、丁酸含量显著降低(P ≤ 0.05)。综合考虑，80%白三叶 + 20%槐花粉青贮能获得良好的青贮品质。     

Divergent effects of defoliation intensity and frequency on tiller growth and production dynamics of Pascopyrum smithii and Hesperostipa comata

Rotational stocking theoretically enables regrazing of regrowth, but regrowth may be limited in xerophytic vegetation. We tested the hypothesis that regrowth would be slow and fixed in Hesperostipa comata (a caespitose, drought‐tolerant grass), while growth would be flexible in Pascopyrum smithii (a rhizomatous, less drought‐tolerant grass) under increasing defoliation and moisture, by assessing tiller growth rates, population dynamics and plant yield on marked plants in a Dry Mixed Grass prairie. Plots were clipped in late summer to simulate a deferred control, or intermittently during the growing season (May–August) at high intensity–low frequency (HILF), low intensity–high frequency (LIHF) or high intensity–high frequency and crossed with two water treatments (ambient and addition) in both a xeric upland and a mesic lowland. Growing season defoliation increased tiller growth rates of P. smithii in the upland, whereas HILF and LIHF reduced growth in the lowland. All defoliation regimes increased tiller growth for H. comata. Tiller populations of H. comata increased with frequent defoliation, while tiller populations of P. smithii decreased regardless of defoliation regime. Frequent defoliation, regardless of intensity, reduced yield relative to the deferred control for both grasses. While water addition consistently increased growth rates and reduced differences in tiller number among defoliation treatments, the regrowth of both grasses remained similar under varied defoliation with ambient moisture. High moisture conditions also promoted regrowth more in P. smithii compared to H. comata. In summary, neither grass species displayed an inherently fixed or flexible tiller or plant yield response in response to defoliation or moisture.     

红富士苹果不同化学疏花剂的疏除效果及成本分析

【目的】 研究对比不同化学疏花剂对红富士苹果花的疏除效果并分析成本,筛选出适宜阿克苏红富士苹果的化学疏花剂及浓度,为减少人工疏花成本、调控树体负载量、提升果品品质提供参考。【方法】 以初果期和盛果期红富士苹果新红1号为试材,在中心花75%~85%和全树70%~85%的花开放时期。喷施不同浓度的石硫合剂、乙烯利、甲酸钙、疏花剂,以人工疏果为对照,分析化学疏花剂的疏除效果及成本。【结果】 不同浓度的石硫合剂、乙烯利、甲酸钙、疏花剂,对初果期树和盛果期树的花均有疏除作用,疏除效果不同,与对照相互比较均有差异,成本相差较大。【结论】 通过花序坐果率、花朵坐果率、单果占比、空台率、疏除率综合比较,石硫合剂200倍液在初果期树的疏除效果与人工疏果效果最相近,成本为人工疏果的17.08%;石硫合剂150倍液在盛果期树上的疏除效果与人工最相近,成本为人工疏果的24.79%。化学疏花的成本与疏花剂的价格及树龄呈正相关。     

新疆枣花芽分化和单花发育过程观察与分析

【目的】研究新疆枣区主栽品种灰枣、骏枣花芽分化和单花发育的规律,为枣优质丰产栽培和提质增效提供参考依据。【方法】以2种枣品种为试材,从枣股开始萌动到枣吊停止生长阶段采样,采用石蜡切片法和体视镜观察花芽形态分化和花发育过程。【结果】骏枣、灰枣花芽形态分化进程可分为6个时期,自4月14日和4月17日从枣股刚萌动开始进入分化初期到雌蕊分化期分别需7 d和11 d;2种枣品种枣吊萌发生长到15 mm左右,已完成分化初期、萼片分化期和花瓣分化期,灰枣的花瓣分化期到雄蕊分化期需3~4 d,比骏枣多需2~3 d灰枣和骏枣雄蕊分化期到雌蕊分化期需要2 d。枣花为日开型,在10:00左右进入蕾裂期到子房膨大期有经历6个时期,灰枣和骏枣花发育各阶段差异不明显,但骏枣柱头开裂和授粉受精比灰枣提前。【结论】骏枣花芽分化比灰枣早3 d,且分化更迅速,在分化过程中各花器原基的分化具有顺序性和不可逆性,各个花器原基出现后,进一步分化形成花器官,最后进入开花阶段。     

基于体验经济的乡村花卉旅游产品提升策略研究

旅游从诞生之初就具备了体验经济的属性，而创造独特的、难忘的、新奇的旅游体验，让旅游 者在旅行过程中获得多层次需求的满足成为旅游企业努力的方向。在体验经济时代背景下，针对乡 村花卉旅游市场，了解游客市场需求，发挥资源优势，转变运营思路，对原有的花卉旅游产品进行提升 和创新是目前值得思考研究的课题。根据模型提出乡村花卉旅游产品的提升策略，主要是针对存在 的问题提出相应的解决方案，结合理论给出系统的产品建议，同时也提出了政府、企业、乡村、人才培 养等方面保障建议以促进花卉旅游的可持续发展。